Bioremediation of polluted wastewater influent: Phosphorus and nitrogen removal

Scientific Research and Essays

Volumn 5, Issue 21, 2010, Pages 3222-3230

  Akpor, O B ^a   Muchie, M ^a  

^a TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Activated sludge; Bacteria; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Protozoa; Wastewater

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); PROTOZOA;

EID: 78951480397     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19922248     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Absar AK (2005). Water and Wastewater Properties and Characteristics. In water Encyclopedia: Domestic, Municipal and Industrial Water Supply and Waste Disposal. Lehr JH, Keeley J (eds). John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New Jersey, pp. 903-905.
2. Alm E (2003). Implication of microbial heavy metal tolerance in the environment. Rev. Undergraduate Res., 2: 1-5.
3. Amaral AL, Motta MD, Pons MN, Vivier H, Roche N, Mota M, Ferreira EC (2004). Survey of protozoa and metazoan populations in wastewater treatment plants by image analysis and discriminate analysis. Environmetrics, 15: 381-390.
4. Andersen OK, Goldman JC, Caron DA, Dennette MR (1986). Nutrient cycling in a microflagellate food chain III: phosphorus dynamics. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 31: 47-55.
5. Auling C, Pilz F, Busse HJ, Karrasch S, Streichan M, Schan G (1991). Analysis of the polyphosphate accumulating microflora in phosphorus- eliminating anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge systems by using diaminopropane as a biomarker for rapid estimation of Acinetobacter sp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57: 3585-3592.
6. Foglar L, Briski F, Sipos L, Vukonic M (2005). High nitrate removal from synthetic wastewater with bacterial culture. Bioresour. Technol., 96: 879-888.
7. Gomez MA, Gonzalez-Lopez J, Hontoria-Garcia E (2000). Influence of carbon source on nitrate removal of contaminated groundwater in a denitrifying submerged filter. J. Hazard. Mater. B80, (1): 69-80.
8. Haas CN, Crockett C, Rose JB, Gerba C, Fazil A (1996) Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 88(9): 131-136.
9. Anderson RO, Griffic KL (2001). Abundances of protozoa in laboratorygrown wheat plants cultivated under low and high atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Protistol., 2(2): 76-84.
10. Andersson A, Lee C, Azam F, Hagstrum A (1985). Release of amino acids and inorganic nutrients by heterotrophic marine microflagellates. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 23: 99-106.
11. Antoniou P, Hamilton J, Koopman B, Jahi R, Holloway B, Lybertos G, Svoronos SA (1990). Effect of temperature and pH on the effective maximum specific growth rate of nitrifying bacteria. Water Res., 24(1): 97-101.
12. Atlas RM, Batha R (1987). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co. Menl Park, USA.
13. Band PL, Erhart R, Wagner M, Keller J, Blackall LL (1999). Identification of some of the major groups of bacteria in efficient and non efficient biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65(9): 4077-4084.
14. Bark K, Sponner A, Kampfor P, Grund S, Dott W (1992). Difference in polyphosphate accumulation and phosphate adsorption by Acinobacter isolates from wastewater producing polyphosphate: AMP phosphotransferase. Water Res., 6: 1379-1388.
15. Barker PS, Dold PL (1996). Denitrification behaviour in biological excess phosphorus removal activated sludge systems. Water Res., 30(4): 769-780.
16. Barnard JL (1975). Biological nutrient removal without the addition of chemicals. Water Res., 9(5-6): 485-490.
17. Bitton G (1999). Wastewater Microbiology, 2nd edition. Wiley-Liss, USA.
18. Blasczyk M (1993). Effect of medium composition on the denitrification of nitrate by Paracoccus denitrificans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 59: 3951-3953.
19. Brooks PC (1996). Investigation of temperature effects on denitrifying bacterial populations in biological nutrient removal (BNR) system. MS. Thesis: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
20. Caccio SM, Degiocome M, Aulicino F, Edoardo P (2003). Giardia cysts in wastewater treatment plants in Italy. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69: 3393-3398.
21. Caron DA, Goldman JC (1988). Dynamics of protistan carbon and nutrient cycling. J. Protozool., 35: 247-249.
22. Caron DA, Goldman JC (1993). Predicting excretion rates of protozoa: reply to the comments by Landry. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38(2): 468-472.
23. Caron DA, Goldman JC, Anderson OK, Dennett MR (1985). Nutrient cycling in a microflagellate food chain II: population dynamics and carbon cycling. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 24: 243-254.
24. Carrera J, Baeza JA, Vincent T, Lafuente FJ (2003). Biological nitrogen removal of high-strength ammonium industrial wastewater with twosludge system. Water Res., 37: 4211-4221.
25. CDC (2002). U.S. toxicity of heavy metals and radionucleotides. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Savannah river-site health effects subcommittee (SRSHES) meeting: Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncheh/radiation/Savannah/SRSHES_Toxicity_jan02.htm.
26. Cloete YE, Steyn PL (1998). The role of Acinetobacter as a phosphorus removing agent in activated sludge. Water Res., 22: 971-976.
27. Curds CR, Cockburn A (1970a). Protozoa in biological sewage treatment processes: A survey of the protozoan fauna of British fauna percolating filters and activated sludge plants. Water Res., 4: 225-236.
28. Curds CR, Cockburn A (1970b). Protozoa in biological sewage treatment processes II: Protozoa as indicators in the activated-sludge process. Water Res., 4: 237-249.
29. Decicco BT (1979). Removal of eutrophic nutrients from wastewater and their bioconversion to bacterial single cell protein for animal feed supplements phase II. Water Resources Research Centre, Report 15.
30. Dolan JR (1997). Phosphorus and ammonia excretion by planktonic protists. Mar. Geol., 139: 109-122.
31. Eikelboom DH, Draaijer A (1999). Activated sludge information system (ASIS). Available from http://www.asissludge.com.
32. Ekama GA, Marias GR, Siebritz IP, Pitman AR, Keay GP, Buchan L, Gerber A, Smollen M (1984). Theory, design and operation of nutrient removal activated sludge processes. University of Cape Town, City of Johannesburg and the National Institute for Water Research of the CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa.
33. EPA (1996). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, American Society of Civil Engineers, and American Water Works Association. Technology Transfer Handbook: Management of Water Treatment Plan Residuals. EPA/625/R-95/008. Washington DC.
34. EPA (2002). Onsite wastewater treatment systems manual. EPA/625/R-00/008/2002. Available from http://www.epa.gov/owmitnet/mtbfact.htm.
35. Fenchel T (1986). The ecology of heterotrophic microflagellates. Adv. in Microb. Ecol., 9: 57-67.
36. Fenchel T (1988). Microfauna in pelagic food chains: In Nutrient Cycling in Coastal Marine Environments. Blackburn, T.H. & Sorensen, J. (eds). John Wiley & Sons Ltd, pp. 59-64.
37. Fried J, Lemmer H (2003). On the dynamics and function of ciliates in sequencing batch biofilm reactors. Water Sci. Technol., 43(5): 189-196.
38. Fried J, May L, Berger O, Traunspurger W, Psenner R, Lemmer H (2000). Monitoring protozoa and metazoan biofilm communities for assessing wastewater quality impact and reactor up-scaling effects. Water Sci. Technol., 41(4-5): 309-316.
39. Fuhs GW, Chen M (1975). Microbiological basis of phosphate removal in the activated sludge process for the treatment of wastewater. Microb. Ecol., 2(2): 119-138.
40. Gast V, Horstmann U (1983). N-remineralization of phyto and bacterioplankton by the marine ciliate Euplotes vannus. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 13: 55-60.
41. Gerardi MH (2007). The protozoa puzzle. Water and Wastewater Products. March/April 2007 Issue.
42. Grabow WK (1968). The virology of waste water treatment. Water Res., 2: 675-701.
43. Gray FN (1990). Activated Sludge: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 20-67.
44. Gray FN (2002). Water Technology: An Introduction for Environmental Scientists and Engineers. Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford, pp. 35-80.
45. Harrison WG (1978). Experimental measurement of nitrogen remineralization in coastal waters. Limnol. Oceanogra., 23: 684-694.
46. Hascoet MC, Florentz M, Granger P, (1985). Biological aspects of enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater. Water Sci. Technol., 17: 23-41.
47. Ingraham JL, Ingraham CA (1995). Introduction to Microbiology. Wadworth Publishing Company, Belmont, CA.
48. Jeon CO, Lee DS, Parker JM (2003). Microbial communities in activated sludge performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactor. Water Res., 37: 2115-2205.
49. Johannes RE (1964). Phosphorus excretion and body size in marine animals: micro-zooplankton and nutrient regeneration. Sciences, 146: 923-924.
50. Johannes RE (1965). Influence of marine protozoa on nutrient regeneration. Limnol. Oceanogra. 10(3): 434-442.
51. Joseph D, Edwards PE (1995). Industrial Wastewater Engineering. Seattle, WA 98103.
52. Kavanaugh RG (1991). Investigation of bacterial populations in a biological nutrient removal system. PhD Dissertation: Department of Civil Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
53. Kris M (2007). Wastewater pollution in China. Available from http:www.dbc.uci/wsustain/suscoasts/krismin.html.
54. Kurosu O (2001). Nitrogen removal from wastewaters in microalgalbacterial-treatment ponds. Available from http://www.Socrates.berkeley.edu/es196/projects/2001final/kurosu.pdf.
55. Landry MR (1993). Predicting excretion rates of microzooplankton from carbon metabolism and elemental ratios. Limnol. Oceanogr, 38(2): 468-472.
56. Lazarova V, Capdevile B, Nikolov L (1994). Influence of seeding donations on nitrate accumulation in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor. Water Res., 28: 1189-1197.
57. Lechevallier MW, Au K (2004). Inactivation (Disinfection) Processes. In: Water and Treatment and pathogen Control. IWA Publishing, pp. 41-65.
58. Levin GV, Topol GJ, Tarney AC, Samworth RB (1972). Pilot plant tests of a phosphorus removal process. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 44(10): 1940-1954.
59. Mara D, Horan N (2003). Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology. Academic press, California, USA.
60. Martienssen M, Schops R (1999). Population dynamics of denitrifying bacteria in a model biocommunity. Water Res., 33: 639-646.
61. Mbewele L (2006). Microbial phosphorus removal in wastewater stabilization pond. A Licentiate Thesis from the School of Biotechnology: A Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova, Stockholm, Sweden, ISBN 91-7179-280-X.
62. McCasland M, Trautmann N, Porter K, Wagenet R (2008). Nitrate: Health effects in drinking water. Available from http://pmep.cee.comell.edu/facts.slides-self/facts/nit-heefgrw85.html.
63. McMahon KD, Dojka MA, Pace NR, Jenkins D, Keasling JD (2002). Poyphosphate kinase from activated sludge performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68(10): 4971-4978.
64. Metcalf X, Eddy X (1999). Advanced Wastewater Treatment: In Wastewater Engineering, Treatment, Disposal and Re-use, 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill New York.
65. Metcalf X, Eddy X (2003). Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. In: Wastewater Engineering, Treatment, Disposal and Reuse. Techobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD (eds). Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 4th edition. New Delhi, India.
66. Momba MNB, Cloete TE (1996). Biomass relationship to growth and phosphate uptake of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter radioresistens in mixed liquor medium. J. Ind. Microbiol., 16: 364-369.
67. Muyima N, Momba MNB, Cloete TE (1995). Biological methods for the treatment of wastewaters: In Microbial Analysis: The key to the design of biological wastewater treatment systems, Cloete TE, Muyima N (eds). IAWA Scientific and Technical Report No. 5.
68. Oehmen A, Lemos PC, Carvalho G, Yuan Z, Keler J, Blackall LL, Reis AMM (2007). Advances in enhanced biological phosphorus: from micro to macro scale. Water Res., 41: 2271-2300.
69. Oguz MT (2005). Investigation of nitrifying bacterial activities by monitoring nitrate reduction, nitrate formation and carbon dioxide fixation during activated sludge treatment in the presence of metabolic inhibitors allythiourea and azide. Erciyes Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu Dergisi, 21(1-2): 154-165.
70. Okoh AT, Odjadjare EE, Igbinosa EO, Osode AN (2007). Wastewater Akpor and Muchie 3229 treatment plants as a source of microbial pathogens in receiving water sheds. Afr.J. Biotechnol., 6(25): 2932-2944.
71. Pace ML, Funke E (1991) Regulation of planktonic microbial communities by nutrients and herbivores. Ecol., 72(3): 904-914.
72. Paillard D, Dubois V, Thiebaut R, Nathier F, Hogland E, Caumette P, Quentine C (2005). Occurrence of Listeria spp. In effluents of French urban wastewater treatment plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71(11): 7562-7566.
73. Painter HA (1970). A review of literature on inorganic nitrogen metabolism in microorganisms. Water Res., 3: 241-250.
74. Pel R, Oldenhuis R, Brand W, Vos A, Gottschal JC, Zwart KB (1997). Stable-isotope analysis of a combined nitrification and denitrification sustained by thermophilic metanotrophs under low-oxygen condition. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63(2): 472-481.
75. Pennington PI, Ellis RC (1993). Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification in Acidic forest and native grassland soils. Soil Biol. Biochem., 25(10): 1399-1408.
76. Prosser JI (1989). Autotrophic nitrification in bacteria: In Advances Microbial Ecology, Rose AH, Tempest DW (eds). Academic Press, New York, 30: 125-181.
77. Ratsak CH, Maarsen KA, Kooijman SAL (1996). Effects of protozoa on carbon mineralization in activated sludge. Water Res., 30(1): 1-12.
78. Richard M, Brown S, Collins F (2003). Activated sludge microbiology, problems and their control. 20th Annual USEPA National Operator Trainers Conference, Buffalo, New York.
79. Robertson LA, van Niel EJM, Torremas RAM, Kuenen JG (1988). Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in aerobic chemostat cultures of Thiosphaera pantotrohpa. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54: 2812-2818.
80. Runion R (2008). Factors to consider in wastewater 2. Ezine Articles (April 14. Available from http://ezinearticles.com/?factors-To-Consider-Wastewater--2&id=1108477.
81. Sabalowsky AR (1999). An investigation of the feasibility of nitrification and denitrification of a complex industrial wastewater with high seasonal temperatures. Masters Thesis from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Blacksburg.
82. Schultz TE (2005). Biological Wastewater Treatment. Chem. Eng. Mag. pp. 112: 44-49.
83. Sci-Tech. Encyclopaedia (2007). Available from http://www.answers.com/topics/.
84. Sedlak R (Ed) (1991). Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from Municipal Wastewater: Principles and Practice, 2nd edition. Lewis Publishers. New York.
85. Seviour RJ, Mino T, Onuki M (2003). The microbiology of biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 27: 99-127.
86. Sherr BF, Sherr EB, Hopkinson CS (1998). Trophic interactions within pelagic microbial communities: indication of feedback regulation of carbon flow. Hydrobiologia, 159: 19-26.
87. Snaidr J, Amann R, Huber I, Ludwig W, Schleifer KH (1997). Phylogenetic analysis and in situ identification of bacteria in activated sludge. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67(7): 2884-2896.
88. Spellman FR (1997). Microbiology for Water/Wastewater Operators. TechnomicPublishing Co Inc. Lancaster.
89. Tian-Ming C, Li-Bo G, Li-Wei C, Xiao-Da CS, Zhong-Li C, Shun-Peng L (2007). Enhanced biological phosphorus with Pseudomonas putida GM 6 from activated sludge. Pedosphere, 17(5): 624-629.
90. Toerien DF, Gerber A, Lotter, LH, Cloete TE (1990). Enhanced biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge. Adv. Microb. Ecol., 11: 173-230.
91. Toze S (1997). Microbial pathogens in wastewater. CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report 1/97.
92. Verity PG (1985). Grazing, respiration, excretion and growth rates of tintinnids. Limnol. Oceanogra, 30(6): 68-1282.
93. Wagner M, Erhart R, Manz W, Amann R, Lemmer H, Wedi D, Schleifer KH (1994). Development of a ribosomal-RNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe specific for the genus Acinetobacter and its application for in situ monitoring in activated sludge. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60(3): 2-800.
94. Water Environment Association (1987). Activated sludge, Manual of Practice, No. 9.
95. Water Environment Federation (1996). Operation of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant: Manual of Practice, 5(2). Alexandria.
96. Water Quality Program Committee (1996). Alternative on-site wastewater treatment and disposal options. Virginia Technical Publication No 448-403.
97. Wentzel MC (1991). Future of Nutrient Removal in South Africa. WISA Nutrient Removal Technical Division, 1st open meeting, South Africa.
98. WHO (1998). Cholera in 1997. Weekly Epidemiol. Res., 73: 201-2008.
99. Zeng RJ, Lemaire R, Yuan Z, Keller J (2003). Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 84(2): 170-178.