Surface and sub-surface Schmidt hammer rebound value variation for a granite outcrop

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 170-179

  Cerna, Barbora ^a   Engel, Zbynek ^a  

^a CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Granite; Hory Mountains; Jizersk ; Quaternary; Schmidt hammer; Weathering

Indexed keywords

AGE DATING; BEDROCK SURFACES; CZECH REPUBLIC; EXPONENTIAL RELATION; HORY MOUNTAINS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; QUATERNARY; R VALUE; REBOUND VALUE; ROCK HARDNESS; ROCK STRENGTH; ROCK SURFACES; SCHMIDT HAMMER; SCHMIDT HAMMER METHODS; SCHMIDT HAMMER REBOUND VALUE; SUB-SURFACES; SUBSURFACE PROFILE; SURFACE GRINDING; VERTICAL PROFILE;

GRANITE; GRINDING (COMMINUTION); GRINDING (MACHINING); HAMMERS; LANDFORMS; ROCKS; SOIL MECHANICS; TOOLS;

WEATHERING;

BEDROCK; GRANITE; GRINDING; INSTRUMENTATION; QUATERNARY; SLICKENSIDE; VERTICAL PROFILE; WEATHERED MEDIUM; WEATHERING PROFILE;

CZECH REPUBLIC; JIZERA MOUNTAINS; SUDETES;

EID: 78851469625     PISSN: 01979337     EISSN: 10969837     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/esp.2029     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Aa AR, Sjåstad JA. 2000. Schmidt hammer age evaluation of the moraine sequence in front of Bøyabreen, western Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 80: 27-32. DOI: 10.1080/002919600750042654
2. Anderson E, Harrison S, Passmore DG, Mighall TM. 1998. Evidence of Younger Dryas glaciation in the Macgillycuddy's Reeks, southwest Ireland. Quaternary Proceedings 6: 75-90.
3. Aydin A, Basu A. 2005. The Schmidt hammer in rock material characterization. Engineering Geology 81: 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.06.006
4. Badura J, Przybylski B. 1998. Extent of the Pleistocene ice sheets and deglaciation between the Sudeten and the Silesian Rampart. Biuletyn pnstwowego instytutu geololicznego 385: 9-28.
5. Ballantyne CK. 1997. Periglacial trimlines in the Scottish Highlands. Quaternary International 38/39: 199-136. DOI: 10.1016/S1040-6182(96)00016-X
6. Betts MW, Latta MA. 2000. Rock surface hardness as an indication of exposure age: an archaeological application of the Schmidt Hammer. Archaeometry 42: 209-223. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2000.tb00877.x
7. Chaloupský J. 1989. Geologie Krkonoš a Jizerských hor. Academia: Praha.
8. Colman SM. 1981. Rock-weathering rates as functions of time. Quaternary Research 15: 250-264. DOI: 10.1016/0033-5894(81)90029-6
9. Day MJ, Goudie AS. 1977. Field assessment of rock hardness using the Schmidt test hammer. British Geomorphology Research Group Technical Bulletin 18: 19-29.
10. Eissmann L. 1995. The pre-Elsterian Quaternary deposits of central Germany. In Glacial Deposits in North-east Europe, Ehlers J, Kozarski S, Gibbard S (eds). Balkema: Rotterdam; 423-437.
11. Engel Z. 2007. Measurement and age assignment of intact rock strength in the Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 51: Suppl. 1: 69-80. DOI: 10.1127/0372-8854/2007/0051S-0069
12. Evans DJA, Archer S, Wilson DJH. 1999. A comparsion of the lichenometric and Schmidt hammer dating techniques based on data from the proglacial areas of some Icelandic glaciers. Quaternary Science Reviews 18: 13-41. DOI: 10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00098-5
13. Frauenfelder R, Laustela M, Kääb A. 2005. Relative age dating of Alpine rock glacier surfaces. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 49: 145-166.
14. Ginzel G, Novák E. 1962. Topografie skal Jizerských hor. Severočeské museum: Liberec.
15. Goodfellow BW. 2007. Relict non-glacial surfaces in formerly glaciated landscapes. Earth-Science Reviews 80: 47-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.08.002
16. Goudie AS. 2006. The Schmidt Hammer in geomorphological research. Progress in Physical Geography 30: 703-718. DOI: 10.1177/0309133306071954
17. Humlum O. 1998. Rock glaciers on the Faeroe Islands, the north Atlantic. Journal of Quaternary Science 13: 293-307. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199807/08)13: 4
18. Jahn A. 1962. Geneza skalek granitowych. Czasopismo Geograficzne 33: 19-44.
19. Janásková B. 2010. Reconstruction of the continental glaciation in the northern slope of the Jizera Mountains. Sborník geologických věd - Antropozoikum, in print.
20. Katz O, Reches Z, Roegiers JC. 2000. Evaluation of mechanical rock properties using a Schmidt Hammer. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 37: 723-28. DOI: 10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00004-6
21. Králík F 1989. Nové poznatky o kontinentálním zalednění severních Čech. Sborník geologických věd - Antropozoikum 19: 9-74.
22. Letošník V. 1962. Příspěvek ke studiu skalních tvaru° v biotitické žule Jizerských hor. Sborník Severočeského musea - Přírodní vědy 2: 13-22.
23. Malhotra VM. 1976. Testing hardened concrete: nondestructive methods. In Project Report: Nondestructive Method for Hardness Evaluation of Mortars. University Press, Ames: Iowa and The American Concrete Institute: Detroit.
24. Matthews JA, Shakesby RA. 1984. The status of the 'Little Ice Age' in southern Norway: relative-age dating of Neoglacial moraines with Schmidt Hammer and lichenometry. Boreas 13: 333-46. DOI: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.1984.tb01128.x
25. Matthews JA, Dawson AG, Shakesby RA. 1986. Lake shoreline development, frost weathering and rock platform erosion in an alpine periglacial environment, Jotunheimen, southern Norway. Boreas 15: 33-50. DOI: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.1986.tb00741.x
26. McCarroll D. 1989. Potential and limitations of the Schmidt Hammer for relative-age dating: field tests on neoglacial moraines, Jotunheimen, southern Norway. Arctic and Alpine Research 21: 268-275.
27. Michniewicz M. 1998. The pre-Elsterian valley system in the Western Sudetes, southwestern Poland, and its later transformation. Geologia Sudetica 31: 317-328.
28. Migoń P. 2007. Geomorphology of granite terrains in Poland. In Granitoids in Poland, Kozlowski A, Wiszniewska J (eds). Warsaw University: Warszawa; 355-366.
29. Moon BP. 1984. Refinement of a technique for determining rock mass strength for geomorphological purposes. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 9: 189-193. DOI: 10.1002/esp.3290090210
30. Nesje A, Blikra LH, Anda E. 1994. Dating rockfall-avalanche deposits from degree of rock-surface weathering by Schmidt Hammer tests - a study from Norangsdalen, Sunnmore, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 74: 108-113.
31. Nicholas JW, Butler DR. 1996. Application of relative-age dating techniques on rock glaciers of the La Sal Mountains, Utah: an interpretation of Holocene paleoclimates. Geografiska Annaler 78A: 1-18.
32. Poole RW, Farmer IW. 1980. Consistency and repeatability of Schmidt hammer rebound data during field testing. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts 17: 167-171.
33. Proceq. 1977. Concrete Test Hammer - Types L and R, Operating Instructions. Proceq SA: Zurich, Switzerland.
34. Rae AC, Harrison S, Mighall T, Dawson AG. 2004. Periglacial trimlines and nunataks of the Last Glacial Maximum: the Gap of Dunloe, southwest Ireland. Journal of Quaternary Science 19: 87-97. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.807
35. Sánchez SJ, Mosquera DF, Vidal Romaní JR. 2009. Assessing the age-weathering correspondence of cosmogenic 21Ne dated Pleistocene surfaces by the Schmidt Hammer. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34: 1121-1125. DOI: 10.1002/esp.1802
36. Shakesby RA, Matthews JA, Owen G. 2006. The Schmidt hammer as a relative-age dating tool and its potential for calibrated-age dating in Holocene glaciated environments. Quaternary Science Reviews 25: 2846-2867. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.011
37. Sjöberg R. 1990. Measurement and calibration of weathering processes and lichenometric investigations on a wave washed moraine, Bådamalen, on the upper Norrland coast, Sweden. Geografiska Annaler 72(3-4): 319-327.
38. Sumner P, Nel W, Holness S, Boelhouwers J. 2002. Rock weathering characteristics as relative-age indicators for glacial and post-glacial landforms on Marion Island. South African Geographical Journal 81: 135-142.
39. Traczyk A, Engel Z. 2006. Maximální dosah kontinentálního zalednění na úpatí Ořešníku a Poledníku v severním svahu Jizerských hor. Geografie - Sborník ČGS 111(2): 141-151.
40. White K, Bryant R, Drake N. 1998. Techniques for measuring rock weathering: application to a dated fan segment sequence in southern Tunisia. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 23: 1031-1043. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(1998110)
41. Winkler S. 2005. The Schmidt Hammer as a relative-age dating technique: potential and limitations of its application on Holocene moraines in Mt Cook National Park, Southern Alps, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 48: 105-116.
42. Žitný L. 1966. Geologie Jizerských hor. Severočeské museum: Liberec.