Parity, age at first birth, and risk of death from liver cancer: Evidence from a cohort in Taiwan

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia)

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 334-339

  Wu, Chen Hsuan ^a   Chan, Te Fu ^b   ChangChien, Chan Chao ^a   Yang, Chun Yuh ^c  

^a CHANG GUNG UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (Taiwan)

^b KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^c KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Cohort study; Liver cancer; Mortality; Parity; Taiwan

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CANCER MORTALITY; CHILDBIRTH; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LIVER CANCER; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PARITY; PRIMIPARA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; TAIWAN;

EID: 78851469334     PISSN: 08159319     EISSN: 14401746     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06365.x     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Department of Health, Taiwan (ROC). Statistics of Causes of Death. Taipei: Department of Health, 2008.
2. Chen CJ, Yu MW, Wang CJ. Multiple risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma: a cohort study of 13, 737 male adults in Taiwan. J Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1993; 8 (Suppl.): S83-7.
3. Chen CJ, Yu MW, Liaw YF. Epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1997; 12: S294-308.
4. Yu MW, Chen CJ. Hepatitis B and C viruses in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 1994; 17: 71-91.
5. Yu MW, Lien JP, Chiu HY, Santella RM, Liaw YF, Chen CJ. Effects of aflatoxin in metabolism and DNA adduct formation on hepatocellular carcinoma among chronic hepatitis B carriers in Taiwan. J. Hepatol. 1997; 27: 320-30.
6. Yu MW, Hsu FC, Sheen IS etal. Prospective study of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis in asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1997; 145: 1039-47.
7. El-Serag HB, Mason AC, Key C. Trends in survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma between 1977 and 1996 in the United States. Hepatology 2001; 33: 62-5.
8. Kemp CJ, Leary CN, Drinkwater NR. Promotion of murine hepatocarcinogenesis by testosterone is androgen receptor -dependent but not cell autonomous. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1989; 86: 7505-9.
9. Dunsford HA, Sell S, Chisari FV. Hepatocarcinogenesis due to chronic liver cell injury in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. Cancer Res. 1990; 50: 3400-7.
10. Moriya K, Fujie H, Shintani Y etal. The core protein of hepatitis C virus induces hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice. Nat. Med. 1998; 4: 1065-7.
11. De Maria N, Manno M, Villa E. Sex hormones and liver cancer. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2002; 193: 59-63.
12. Shimizu I. Impact of oestrogens on the progression of liver disease. Liver Int. 2003; 23: 63-9.
13. Eisenfeld AJ, Aten RF, Weinberger M, Haselbacher G, Halpern K, Krakoff L. Estrogen receptor in the mammalian liver. Science 1976; 191: 862-5.
14. Aten RF, Dickson RB, Eisenfeld AJ. Estrogen receptor in adult male rat liver. Endocrinology 1978; 103: 1629-35.
15. Nagasue N, Kohno H, Chang YC etal. Androgen and estrogen receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma and the surrounding liver in women. Cancer 1989; 63: 112-16.
16. Ohnishi S, Murakami T, Moriyama T, Mitamura K, Imawari M. Androgen and estrogen receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma and in the surrounding noncancerous liver tissue. Hepatology 1986; 6: 440-3.
17. Tzonou A, Zavitsanos X, Hsieh CC, Trichopoulos D. Liveborn children and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Causes Control 1992; 3: 171-4.
18. La Vecchia C, Negri E, Franceschi S, D'Avanzo B. Reproductive factors and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in women. Int. J. Cancer 1992; 52: 351-4.
19. La Vecchia C, Negri E, Franceschi S, Parazzini F. Long-term impact of reproductive factors on cancer risk. Int. J. Cancer 1993; 53: 215-9.
20. Stanford JL, Thomas DB, WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives. Reproductive factors in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Causes Control 1992; 3: 37-42.
21. Hsing AW, McLaughlin JK, Hoover RN, CoChien HT, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF. Parity and primary liver cancer among young women. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1992; 84: 1118-19.
22. Lambe M, Trichopoulos D, Hsieh CC, Ekbom A, Pavia M. Parity and hepatocellular carcinoma: a population-based study in Sweden. Int. J. Cancer 1993; 55: 745-7.
23. Mucci LA, Kuper HE, Tamimi R, Lagiou P, Spanos E, Trichopoulos D. Age at menarche and age at menopause in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma in women. Br. J. Obster. Gynecol. 2001; 108: 291-4.
24. Yu MW, Chang HC, Chang SC etal. Role of reproductive factors in hepatocellular carcinoma: impact on hepatitis B- and C-related risk. Hepatology 2003; 38: 1393-400.
25. Wu SC, Young CL. Study of the birth reporting system. J. Natl. Public Health Assoc. (ROC) 1986; 6: 15-27.
26. Yang CY, Cheng BH, Tsai SS, Wu TN, Lin MC, Lin KC. Association between chlorination of drinking water and adverse pregnancy outcome in Taiwan. Environ. Health Perspect. 2000; 108: 765-8.
27. Yang CY, Chang CC, Kuo HW, Chiu HF. Parity and risk of death from subarachnoid hemorrhage in women: evidence from a cohort in Taiwan. Neurology 2006; 67: 514-15.
28. Yang CY, Kuo HW, Chiu HF. Age at first birth, parity, and risk of death from ovarian cancer in Taiwan: a country of low incidence of ovarian cancer. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 2007; 17: 32-6.
29. Yang CY. Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of death from cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 1998; 29: 411-14.
30. Yen SS. Endocrinology of pregnancy. In: Creasy RK, Resnik R, eds. Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1994; 382-412.
31. Shimizu I, Yasuda M, Mizobuchi Y etal. Suppressive effect of estrodiol on chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Gut 1998; 42: 112-19.
32. Mannisto PT, Ulmanen I, Lundstrom K etal. Characteristics of catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and properties of selective COMT inhibitors. Prog. Drug Res. 1992; 39: 291-350.
33. Zhu BT, Conney AH. Is 2-methoxyestradiol and endogenous estrogen metabolite that inhibits mammary carcinogenesis? Cancer Res. 1998; 58: 2269-77.
34. Sandler DP, Wilcox AJ, Horney LF. Age at menarche and subsequent reproductive events. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1984; 119: 765-74.
35. Morgenstern H. Uses of ecologic analysis in epidemiological research. Am. J. Public Health 1982; 72: 1336-44.
36. Cheleuitte D, Mizuno S, Glowacki J. In vitro secretion of cytokines by human bone marrow: effects of age and estrogen status. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1998; 83: 2043-51.
37. Chen CH, Su WW, Yang SS etal. Long-term trends and geographic variations in the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of 11312 patients in Taiwan. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2006; 21: 1561-6.
38. The Population Bulletin, Taiwan: Department of Statistics, Ministry of the Interior, Executive Yuan. Cited 14 Mar 2010. Available from URL:
39. Hsing AW, Hoover RN, McLaughlin JK etal. Oral contraceptives and primary liver cancer among young women. Cancer Causes Controls 1992; 3: 43-8.
40. Heinemann LAJ, DoMinh T, Guggenmoos-Holzmann I, Thiel C, Garbe E. Oral contraceptives and liver cancer: results of the multicentre international liver tumor study (MILTS). Contraception 1997; 56: 275-84.
41. Forman D, Vincent TJ, Doll R. Cancers of the liver and the use of oral contraceptives. Br. J. Cancer 1986; 292: 1357-61.
42. La Vecchia C, Negri E, Parazzini F. Oral contraceptives and primary liver cancer. Br. J. Cancer 1989; 59: 460-1.
43. Neuberger J, Forman D, Doll R, William R. Oral contraceptives and hepatocellular carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer 1993; 67: 635-7.
44. Palmer JR, Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, Warshauer ME, Stolley P, Shapiro S. Oral contraceptive use and liver cancer. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1989; 130: 878-82.
45. Yu MC, Tong MJ, Govindarahan S, Henderson BE. Non-viral risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in a low risk population, the non-Asians of Los Angeles County, California. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1991; 83: 1820-6.
46. Maheshwari S, Sarraj A, Kramer J, El-Serag HB. Oral contraception and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 2007; 47: 506-13.
47. Kew MC, Song E, Mohammed A, Hodkinson J. Contraceptive steroids as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study in South African black women. Hepatology 1990; 11: 298-302.
48. The WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives. Combined oral contraceptives and liver cancer. Int. J. Cancer 1989; 43: 254-9.
49. Chie WC, Chung YL, Huang CS, Chang KJ, Yen ML, Lin RS. Oral contraceptives and breast cancer risk in Taiwan, a country of low incidence of breast cancer and low use of oral contraceptives. Int. J. Cancer 1998; 77: 219-23.
50. Yen ML, Yen BL, Bai CH, Lin RS. Risk factors for ovarian cancer in Taiwan: a case-control study in a low-incidence population. Gynecol. Oncol. 2003; 89: 318-24.
51. Byers T, Graham S, Ezepka T, Marshall J. Lactation and breast cancer. Evidence for a negative association in premenopausal women. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1985; 12: 664-74.
52. Key TJ, Pike MC. The role of estrogens and progestagens in the epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 1988; 24: 29-34.
53. Lipworth L, Bailey LR, Trichopoulos D. History of breast-feeding in relation to breast cancer risk: a review of the epidemiologic literature. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2000; 92: 302-12.
54. Chen DS, Hsu NH, Sung JL etal. A mass vaccination program in Taiwan against hepatitis B virus infection in infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1987; 257: 2597-603.
55. Fwu CW, Chien YC, Kirk GD etal. Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma among parous Taiwanese women: nationwide cohort study. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2009; 101: 1019-27.