메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 120, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 245-257

Plastic reproductive allocation as a buffer against environmental stochasticity - linking life history and population dynamics to climate

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BODY MASS; CLIMATE CHANGE; COVARIANCE ANALYSIS; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; GROWTH RATE; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; PLASTIC; POPULATION DENSITY; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; STOCHASTICITY; SURVIVAL; TIME SERIES;

EID: 78751632131     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: 16000706     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18597.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 0033860650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations of an introduced population of Svalbard reindeer: the effects of density dependence and climatic variation
    • Aanes R. et al. 2000. Fluctuations of an introduced population of Svalbard reindeer: the effects of density dependence and climatic variation. Ecography 23: 437-443.
    • (2000) Ecography , vol.23 , pp. 437-443
    • Aanes, R.1
  • 2
    • 20444405743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of maternal characteristics and climatic variation on birth masses of Alaskan caribou
    • Adams L. G. 2005. Effects of maternal characteristics and climatic variation on birth masses of Alaskan caribou. J. Mammal. 86: 506-513.
    • (2005) J. Mammal. , vol.86 , pp. 506-513
    • Adams, L.G.1
  • 3
    • 0021037897 scopus 로고
    • Fertility and body weight in female red deer: a density-dependent relationship
    • Albon S. D. et al. 1983. Fertility and body weight in female red deer: a density-dependent relationship. J. Anim. Ecol. 52: 969-980.
    • (1983) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.52 , pp. 969-980
    • Albon, S.D.1
  • 4
    • 19744373319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The skew-normal distribution and related multivariate families
    • Azzalini A. 2005. The skew-normal distribution and related multivariate families. Scand. J. Stat. 32: 159-188.
    • (2005) Scand. J. Stat. , vol.32 , pp. 159-188
    • Azzalini, A.1
  • 5
    • 44349123540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel methods for inferring future changes in extreme rainfall over northern Europe
    • Benestad R. E. 2007. Novel methods for inferring future changes in extreme rainfall over northern Europe. Climate Res. 34: 195-210.
    • (2007) Climate Res. , vol.34 , pp. 195-210
    • Benestad, R.E.1
  • 6
    • 33745012685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex population dynamics and complex causation: devils, details and demography
    • Benton T. G. et al. 2006. Complex population dynamics and complex causation: devils, details and demography. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 273: 1173-1181.
    • (2006) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.273 , pp. 1173-1181
    • Benton, T.G.1
  • 7
    • 0029310570 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal-variation in human-reproduction - environmental-factors
    • Bronson F. H. 1995. Seasonal-variation in human-reproduction - environmental-factors. Q. Rev. Biol. 70: 141-164.
    • (1995) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.70 , pp. 141-164
    • Bronson, F.H.1
  • 8
    • 33845219898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-history evolution under a production constraint
    • Brown J. H. and Sibly R. M. 2006. Life-history evolution under a production constraint. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103: 17595-17599.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 17595-17599
    • Brown, J.H.1    Sibly, R.M.2
  • 9
    • 34648824463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced shift in ecosystem productivity? Extensive scale effects of abundant large herbivores
    • Bråthen K. A. et al. 2007. Induced shift in ecosystem productivity? Extensive scale effects of abundant large herbivores. Ecosystems 10: 773-789.
    • (2007) Ecosystems , vol.10 , pp. 773-789
    • Bråthen, K.A.1
  • 10
    • 0026299576 scopus 로고
    • Parental care in the common eider (Somateria mollissima): factors affecting abandonment and adoption of young
    • Bustnes J. O. and Erikstad K. E. 1991. Parental care in the common eider (Somateria mollissima): factors affecting abandonment and adoption of young. Cand. J. Zool. 69: 1538-1545.
    • (1991) Cand. J. Zool. , vol.69 , pp. 1538-1545
    • Bustnes, J.O.1    Erikstad, K.E.2
  • 11
    • 67349254790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk sensitive reproductive strategies: the effect of environmental unpredictability
    • Dept of Biology, Fac. of Science, Univ. of Tromsø
    • Bårdsen B.-J. 2009. Risk sensitive reproductive strategies: the effect of environmental unpredictability. - Dept of Biology, Fac. of Science, Univ. of Tromsø, p. iii+157.
    • (2009)
    • Bårdsen, B.-J.1
  • 12
    • 42249109224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence for a risk sensitive reproductive allocation in a long-lived mammal
    • Bårdsen B.-J. et al. 2008. Experimental evidence for a risk sensitive reproductive allocation in a long-lived mammal. Ecology 89: 829-837.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 829-837
    • Bårdsen, B.-J.1
  • 13
    • 66749108648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence of cost of lactation in a low risk environment for a long-lived mammal
    • Bårdsen B.-J. et al. 2009. Experimental evidence of cost of lactation in a low risk environment for a long-lived mammal. Oikos 118: 837-852.
    • (2009) Oikos , vol.118 , pp. 837-852
    • Bårdsen, B.-J.1
  • 14
    • 77949272713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence of a risk sensitive reproductive allocation in a long-lived mammal
    • Bårdsen B.-J. et al. 2010. Observational evidence of a risk sensitive reproductive allocation in a long-lived mammal. Oecologia 116: 627-639.
    • (2010) Oecologia , vol.116 , pp. 627-639
    • Bårdsen, B.-J.1
  • 15
    • 3342992483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soay sheep - dynamics and selection in an island population
    • Cambrigde Univ. Press.
    • Clutton-Brock T. H. and Pemberton J. M. (eds) 2004. Soay sheep - dynamics and selection in an island population. - Cambrigde Univ. Press.
    • (2004)
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Pemberton, J.M.2
  • 16
    • 0024476927 scopus 로고
    • Fitness costs of gestation and lactation in wild mammals
    • Clutton-Brock T. H. et al. 1989. Fitness costs of gestation and lactation in wild mammals. Nature 337: 260-262.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.337 , pp. 260-262
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1
  • 17
    • 0026593627 scopus 로고
    • Early develoment and population fluctuations in Soay sheep
    • Clutton-Brock T. H. et al. 1992. Early develoment and population fluctuations in Soay sheep. J. Anim. Ecol. 61: 381-396.
    • (1992) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.61 , pp. 381-396
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1
  • 18
    • 0030302868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population fluctuations, reproductive costs and life-history tactics in female Soay sheep
    • Clutton-Brock T. H. et al. 1996. Population fluctuations, reproductive costs and life-history tactics in female Soay sheep. J. Anim. Ecol. 65: 675-689.
    • (1996) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.65 , pp. 675-689
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1
  • 19
    • 0030618143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability and instability in ungulate populations: an empirical analysis
    • Clutton-Brock T. H. et al. 1997. Stability and instability in ungulate populations: an empirical analysis. Am. Nat. 149: 195-219.
    • (1997) Am. Nat. , vol.149 , pp. 195-219
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1
  • 20
    • 0034618463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative roles of density and climatic variation on population dynamics and fecundity rates in three contrasting ungulate species
    • Coulson T. et al. 2000. The relative roles of density and climatic variation on population dynamics and fecundity rates in three contrasting ungulate species. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 267: 1771-1779.
    • (2000) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.267 , pp. 1771-1779
    • Coulson, T.1
  • 21
    • 0035947408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, sex, density, winter weather and population crashes in Soay sheep
    • Coulson T. et al. 2001. Age, sex, density, winter weather and population crashes in Soay sheep. Science 292: 1528-1531.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 1528-1531
    • Coulson, T.1
  • 22
    • 55349132422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time series analysis - with applications in R
    • Springer.
    • Cryer J. D. and Chan K.-S. 2008. Time series analysis - with applications in R. - Springer.
    • (2008)
    • Cryer, J.D.1    Chan, K.-S.2
  • 23
    • 63849156347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How resource competition shapes individual life history for nonplastic growth: ungulates in seasonal food environments
    • De Roos A. M. et al. 2009. How resource competition shapes individual life history for nonplastic growth: ungulates in seasonal food environments. Ecology 90: 945-960.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 945-960
    • De Roos, A.M.1
  • 24
    • 0036638869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter severity, survival, and cause-specific mortality of female white-tailed deer in north-central Minnesota
    • DelGiudice G. D. Riggs M. R.Joly P. and Pan W. 2002. Winter severity, survival, and cause-specific mortality of female white-tailed deer in north-central Minnesota. J. Wildlife Manage. 66: 698-717.
    • (2002) J. Wildlife Manage. , vol.66 , pp. 698-717
    • DelGiudice, G.D.1    Riggs, M.R.2    Joly, P.3    Pan, W.4
  • 25
    • 0038076237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetics and reproductive effort
    • Ellison P. T. 2003. Energetics and reproductive effort. Am. J Human Biol. 15: 342-351.
    • (2003) Am. J Human Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 342-351
    • Ellison, P.T.1
  • 26
    • 0030901861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjustment of parental effort in the puffin; the roles of adult body condition and chick size
    • Erikstad K. E. et al. 1997. Adjustment of parental effort in the puffin; the roles of adult body condition and chick size. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 40: 95-100.
    • (1997) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.40 , pp. 95-100
    • Erikstad, K.E.1
  • 27
    • 0031853276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the cost of reproduction in long-lived birds: the influence of environmental variability
    • Erikstad K. E. et al. 1998. On the cost of reproduction in long-lived birds: the influence of environmental variability. Ecology 79: 1781-1788.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 1781-1788
    • Erikstad, K.E.1
  • 28
    • 8744297221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive regulation of body reserves in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus: a feeding experiment
    • Fauchald P. et al. 2004. Adaptive regulation of body reserves in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus: a feeding experiment. Oikos 107: 583-591.
    • (2004) Oikos , vol.107 , pp. 583-591
    • Fauchald, P.1
  • 29
    • 0031945172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selfish mothers: reproductive expenditure and resource availability in bighorn ewes
    • Festa-Bianchet M. and Jorgenson J. T. 1998. Selfish mothers: reproductive expenditure and resource availability in bighorn ewes. Behav. Ecol. 9: 144-150.
    • (1998) Behav. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 144-150
    • Festa-Bianchet, M.1    Jorgenson, J.T.2
  • 30
    • 0031713818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass- and density-dependent reproductive success and reproductive costs in a capital breeder
    • Festa-Bianchet M. et al. 1998. Mass- and density-dependent reproductive success and reproductive costs in a capital breeder. Am. Nat. 152: 367-379.
    • (1998) Am. Nat. , vol.152 , pp. 367-379
    • Festa-Bianchet, M.1
  • 31
    • 0034511187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variation in fitness components and population dynamics of large herbivores
    • Gaillard J. M. et al. 2000. Temporal variation in fitness components and population dynamics of large herbivores. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 31: 367-393.
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.31 , pp. 367-393
    • Gaillard, J.M.1
  • 32
    • 0032514553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noise and determinism in synchronized sheep dynamics
    • Grenfell B. T. et al. 1998. Noise and determinism in synchronized sheep dynamics. Nature 394: 674-677.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 674-677
    • Grenfell, B.T.1
  • 33
    • 15844387710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual-based modeling and ecology
    • Princeton Univ. Press.
    • Grimm V. and Railsback S. F. 2005. Individual-based modeling and ecology. - Princeton Univ. Press.
    • (2005)
    • Grimm, V.1    Railsback, S.F.2
  • 34
    • 33748151495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models
    • Grimm V. et al. 2006. A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models. Ecol. Modell. 198: 115-126.
    • (2006) Ecol. Modell. , vol.198 , pp. 115-126
    • Grimm, V.1
  • 35
    • 34247239438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of reproductive costs for Weddell seals in Erebus Bay, Antarctica
    • Hadley G. et al. 2007. Evaluation of reproductive costs for Weddell seals in Erebus Bay, Antarctica. J. Anim. Ecol. 76: 478-458.
    • (2007) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.76 , pp. 478-458
    • Hadley, G.1
  • 36
    • 27744462456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical downscaling of climate scenarios over Scandinavia
    • Hanssen-Bauer I. et al. 2005. Statistical downscaling of climate scenarios over Scandinavia. Climate Res. 29: 255-268.
    • (2005) Climate Res. , vol.29 , pp. 255-268
    • Hanssen-Bauer, I.1
  • 37
    • 0043197401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced immunocompetence and cost of reproduction in common eiders
    • Hanssen S. A. et al. 2003. Reduced immunocompetence and cost of reproduction in common eiders. Oecologia 136: 457-464.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.136 , pp. 457-464
    • Hanssen, S.A.1
  • 38
    • 21744444108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost of reproduction in a long-lived bird: incubation effort reduces immune function and future reproduction
    • Hanssen S. A. et al. 2005. Cost of reproduction in a long-lived bird: incubation effort reduces immune function and future reproduction. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 272: 1039-1046.
    • (2005) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.272 , pp. 1039-1046
    • Hanssen, S.A.1
  • 39
    • 0028119972 scopus 로고
    • Age-specific and size-specific costs of reproduction within populations of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis
    • Hutchings J. A. 1994. Age-specific and size-specific costs of reproduction within populations of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. Oikos 70: 12-20.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.70 , pp. 12-20
    • Hutchings, J.A.1
  • 40
    • 0027332866 scopus 로고
    • Effects of body size, population density, and maternal characteristics on age at first reproduction in bighorn ewes
    • Jorgenson J. T. et al. 1993. Effects of body size, population density, and maternal characteristics on age at first reproduction in bighorn ewes. Cand. J. Zool. 71: 2509-2517.
    • (1993) Cand. J. Zool. , vol.71 , pp. 2509-2517
    • Jorgenson, J.T.1
  • 41
    • 0037334986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., brown trout Salmo trutta L. and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.): a review of aspects of their life histories
    • Klemetsen A. et al. 2003. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., brown trout Salmo trutta L. and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.): a review of aspects of their life histories. Ecol. Freshwater Fish 12: 1-59.
    • (2003) Ecol. Freshwater Fish , vol.12 , pp. 1-59
    • Klemetsen, A.1
  • 42
    • 0027487586 scopus 로고
    • Early maternal investment and growth in reindeer
    • Kojola I. 1993. Early maternal investment and growth in reindeer. Cand. J. Zool. 71: 753-758.
    • (1993) Cand. J. Zool. , vol.71 , pp. 753-758
    • Kojola, I.1
  • 43
    • 0030845716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural correlates of female social status and birth mass of male and female calves in reindeer
    • Kojola I. 1997. Behavioural correlates of female social status and birth mass of male and female calves in reindeer. Ethology 103: 809-814.
    • (1997) Ethology , vol.103 , pp. 809-814
    • Kojola, I.1
  • 44
    • 84924749905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling for field biologists and other interesting people
    • Cambrigde Univ. Press.
    • Kokko H. 2007. Modelling for field biologists and other interesting people - Cambrigde Univ. Press.
    • (2007)
    • Kokko, H.1
  • 45
    • 0004304647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic population dynamics in ecology and conservation
    • Oxford Univ. Press.
    • Lande R. et al. 2003. Stochastic population dynamics in ecology and conservation. - Oxford Univ. Press.
    • (2003)
    • Lande, R.1
  • 46
    • 0024909254 scopus 로고
    • Cost of reproduction and covariation of life-history traits in birds
    • Lindén M. and Møller A. P. 1989. Cost of reproduction and covariation of life-history traits in birds. Trends Ecol. Evol. 4: 367-371.
    • (1989) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.4 , pp. 367-371
    • Lindén, M.1    Møller, A.P.2
  • 47
    • 0036498378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early development, survival and reproduction in humans
    • Lummaa V. and Clutton-Brock T. H. 2002. Early development, survival and reproduction in humans. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17: 141-147.
    • (2002) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 141-147
    • Lummaa, V.1    Clutton-Brock, T.H.2
  • 48
    • 0033534004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abortion rates reflect the optimization of parental investment strategies
    • Lycett J. E. and Dunbar R. I. M. 1999. Abortion rates reflect the optimization of parental investment strategies. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266: 2355-2358.
    • (1999) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.266 , pp. 2355-2358
    • Lycett, J.E.1    Dunbar, R.I.M.2
  • 49
    • 0030948323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal life histories for structured populations in fluctuating environments
    • McNamara J. M. 1997. Optimal life histories for structured populations in fluctuating environments. Theor. Popul. Biol. 51: 94-108.
    • (1997) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.51 , pp. 94-108
    • McNamara, J.M.1
  • 50
    • 0029096609 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic optimization in fluctuating environments
    • McNamara J. M. et al. 1995. Dynamic optimization in fluctuating environments. Proc R. Soc. Lond. B 261: 279-284.
    • (1995) Proc R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.261 , pp. 279-284
    • McNamara, J.M.1
  • 51
    • 0036720928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The costs of reproduction in plants
    • Obeso J. R. 2002. The costs of reproduction in plants. New Phytol. 155: 321-348.
    • (2002) New Phytol. , vol.155 , pp. 321-348
    • Obeso, J.R.1
  • 52
    • 0001629332 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of nutrient and energy expenditure in female common eiders nesting in the High Arctic
    • Parker H. and Holm H. 1990. Patterns of nutrient and energy expenditure in female common eiders nesting in the High Arctic. Auk 107: 660-668.
    • (1990) Auk , vol.107 , pp. 660-668
    • Parker, H.1    Holm, H.2
  • 53
    • 0033949886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing killing rates of white-tailed deer by coyotes in eastern Canada
    • Patterson B. R. and Messier F. 2000. Factors influencing killing rates of white-tailed deer by coyotes in eastern Canada. J. Wildlife Manage. 64: 721-732.
    • (2000) J. Wildlife Manage. , vol.64 , pp. 721-732
    • Patterson, B.R.1    Messier, F.2
  • 54
    • 34250727508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary responses to harvesting in ungulates
    • Proaktor G. et al. 2007. Evolutionary responses to harvesting in ungulates. J. Anim. Ecol. 76: 669-678.
    • (2007) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.76 , pp. 669-678
    • Proaktor, G.1
  • 55
    • 39049184350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human parental effort and environmental risk
    • Quinlan R. J. 2007. Human parental effort and environmental risk. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 274: 121-125.
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.274 , pp. 121-125
    • Quinlan, R.J.1
  • 56
    • 33845606401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of geographic variation in the life history traits of the tropical agamid lizard, Calotes versicolor
    • Radder R. S. 2006. An overview of geographic variation in the life history traits of the tropical agamid lizard, Calotes versicolor. Curr. Sci. 91: 1354-1363.
    • (2006) Curr. Sci. , vol.91 , pp. 1354-1363
    • Radder, R.S.1
  • 57
    • 39649097833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability of European reindeer husbandry to global change
    • Rees W. et al. 2008. Vulnerability of European reindeer husbandry to global change. Climatic Change 87: 199-217.
    • (2008) Climatic Change , vol.87 , pp. 199-217
    • Rees, W.1
  • 58
    • 0000255976 scopus 로고
    • Growth in domestic and wild reindeer in Norway
    • Reimers E. 1972. Growth in domestic and wild reindeer in Norway. J. Wildlife Manage. 36: 612-619.
    • (1972) J. Wildlife Manage. , vol.36 , pp. 612-619
    • Reimers, E.1
  • 59
    • 0020696631 scopus 로고
    • Reproduction in wild reindeer in Norway
    • Reimers E. 1983. Reproduction in wild reindeer in Norway. Cand. J. Zool. 61: 211-217.
    • (1983) Cand. J. Zool. , vol.61 , pp. 211-217
    • Reimers, E.1
  • 60
    • 0033969463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density dependence, evolutionary optimization, and the diversification of avian life histories
    • Ricklefs R. E. 2000. Density dependence, evolutionary optimization, and the diversification of avian life histories. Condor 102: 9-22.
    • (2000) Condor , vol.102 , pp. 9-22
    • Ricklefs, R.E.1
  • 61
    • 0029757562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life history patterns in female moose (Alces alces): the relationship between age, body size, fecundity and environmental conditions
    • Sand H. 1996. Life history patterns in female moose (Alces alces): the relationship between age, body size, fecundity and environmental conditions. Oecologia 106: 212-220.
    • (1996) Oecologia , vol.106 , pp. 212-220
    • Sand, H.1
  • 62
    • 9944253354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling extreme precipitation events - a climate change simulation for Europe
    • Semmler T. and Jacob D. 2004. Modeling extreme precipitation events - a climate change simulation for Europe. Global Planetary Change 44: 119-127.
    • (2004) Global Planetary Change , vol.44 , pp. 119-127
    • Semmler, T.1    Jacob, D.2
  • 63
    • 30344444487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-history evolution in reptiles
    • Shine R. 2005. Life-history evolution in reptiles. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 36: 23-46.
    • (2005) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. , vol.36 , pp. 23-46
    • Shine, R.1
  • 64
    • 68949219497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time series analysis and its applications - with R examples
    • Springer.
    • Shumway R. H. and Stoffer D. S. 2006. Time series analysis and its applications - with R examples. - Springer.
    • (2006)
    • Shumway, R.H.1    Stoffer, D.S.2
  • 65
    • 0022242371 scopus 로고
    • The effects of density-dependent resource limitations on the demography of wild reindeer
    • Skogland T. 1985. The effects of density-dependent resource limitations on the demography of wild reindeer. J. Anim. Ecol. 54: 359-374.
    • (1985) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.54 , pp. 359-374
    • Skogland, T.1
  • 66
    • 0034784002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of density-dependence and climate on the dynamics of a Svalbard reindeer population
    • Solberg E. J. et al.. 2001. Effects of density-dependence and climate on the dynamics of a Svalbard reindeer population. Ecography 24: 441-451.
    • (2001) Ecography , vol.24 , pp. 441-451
    • Solberg, E.J.1
  • 67
    • 0037162837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological effects of climate fluctuations
    • Stenseth N. C. et al. 2002. Ecological effects of climate fluctuations. Science 297: 1292-1296.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 1292-1296
    • Stenseth, N.C.1
  • 68
    • 35448946892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How often will it rain?
    • Sun Y. et al. 2007. How often will it rain? J. Climate 20: 4801-4818.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 4801-4818
    • Sun, Y.1
  • 69
    • 0031113780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental stochasticity and population dynamics of large herbivores: a search for mechanisms
    • Sæther B.-E. 1997. Environmental stochasticity and population dynamics of large herbivores: a search for mechanisms. Trends Ecol. Evol. 12: 143-149.
    • (1997) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.12 , pp. 143-149
    • Sæther, B.1
  • 70
    • 0000691540 scopus 로고
    • Life-history of the moose (Alces alces): fecundity rates in relation to age and carcass weight
    • Sæther B. E. and Haagenrud H. 1983. Life-history of the moose (Alces alces): fecundity rates in relation to age and carcass weight. J. Mammal. 64: 226-232.
    • (1983) J. Mammal. , vol.64 , pp. 226-232
    • Sæther, B.E.1    Haagenrud, H.2
  • 71
    • 0030433588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological correlates of regional variation in life history of the moose Alces alces
    • Sæther B.-E. et al. 1996. Ecological correlates of regional variation in life history of the moose Alces alces. Ecology 77: 1493-1500.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 1493-1500
    • Sæther, B.1
  • 72
    • 33644697480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Going to the extremes
    • Tebaldi C. et al. 2006. Going to the extremes. Climatic Change 79: 185-211.
    • (2006) Climatic Change , vol.79 , pp. 185-211
    • Tebaldi, C.1
  • 73
    • 0242570631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of a compensatory relationship between food limitation and predation in semi-domestic reindeer
    • Tveraa T. et al. 2003. An examination of a compensatory relationship between food limitation and predation in semi-domestic reindeer. Oecologia 137: 370-376.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.137 , pp. 370-376
    • Tveraa, T.1
  • 74
    • 34047128686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What regulate and limit reindeer populations in Norway?
    • Tveraa T. et al. 2007. What regulate and limit reindeer populations in Norway? Oikos 116: 706-715.
    • (2007) Oikos , vol.116 , pp. 706-715
    • Tveraa, T.1
  • 75
    • 0027065748 scopus 로고
    • Parental care and the cost of reproduction in a Mediterranean fish
    • van den Berghe E. P. 1992. Parental care and the cost of reproduction in a Mediterranean fish. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 30: 373-378.
    • (1992) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.30 , pp. 373-378
    • van den Berghe, E.P.1
  • 76
    • 17644362019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chick survival in relation to nest site: is the Antarctic petrel hiding from its predator?
    • and.
    • Varpe Ø. and Tveraa T. 2005. Chick survival in relation to nest site: is the Antarctic petrel hiding from its predator? Polar Biol. 28: 388-394.
    • (2005) Polar Biol. , vol.28 , pp. 388-394
    • Varpe, Ø.1    Tveraa, T.2
  • 77
    • 0036555096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future changes in the distribution of daily precipitation totals across North America
    • Wilby R. L. and Wigley T. M. L. 2002. Future changes in the distribution of daily precipitation totals across North America. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , pp. 29
    • Wilby, R.L.1    Wigley, T.M.L.2
  • 78
    • 0001026007 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection costs of reproduc- tion and a refinement of Lack's principle
    • Williams G. C. 1966. Natural selection costs of reproduc- tion and a refinement of Lack's principle. Am. Nat. 100: 687-690.
    • (1966) Am. Nat. , vol.100 , pp. 687-690
    • Williams, G.C.1
  • 79
    • 34247464720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A perfect storm: the combined effects on population fluctuations of autocorrelated environmental noise, age structure, and density dependence
    • Wilmers C. C. et al. 2007. A perfect storm: the combined effects on population fluctuations of autocorrelated environmental noise, age structure, and density dependence. Am. Nat. 169: 673-683.
    • (2007) Am. Nat. , vol.169 , pp. 673-683
    • Wilmers, C.C.1
  • 80
    • 0027047206 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of life-history diversification in North-American fishes - implications for population regulation
    • Winemiller K. O. and Rose K. A. 1992. Patterns of life-history diversification in North-American fishes - implications for population regulation. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49: 2196-2218.
    • (1992) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 2196-2218
    • Winemiller, K.O.1    Rose, K.A.2
  • 81
    • 85153659511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized additive models: an introduction with R
    • Chapman and Hall/CRC.
    • Wood S. N. 2006. Generalized additive models: an introduction with R. - Chapman and Hall/CRC.
    • (2006)
    • Wood, S.N.1
  • 82
    • 80052736663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mgcv package: GAMs with GCV smoothness estimation and GAMMs by REML/PQL
    • Wood S. N. 2008. The mgcv package: GAMs with GCV smoothness estimation and GAMMs by REML/PQL. R package.
    • (2008) R package
    • Wood, S.N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.