Recommendations for the use of cardiovascular tests in diagnosing diabetic autonomic neuropathy

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 69-78

  Spallone, V ^a   Bellavere, F ^b   Scionti, L ^c   Maule, S ^d   Quadri, R ^d   Bax, G ^e   Melga, P ^f   Viviani, G L ^g   Esposito, K ^h   Morganti, R ^a   Cortelli, P ⁱ  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

^b Villa Salus Hospital   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^e Servizio di Diabetologia e Dietetica   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^g UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^h SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Autonomic testing; Cardiovascular tests; Diabetic neuropathy; Diagnosis; Orthostatic hypotension

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION; DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PATIENT SELECTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STANDARD;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHIES; DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; HUMANS; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PATIENT SELECTION; REFERENCE STANDARDS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 78751605390     PISSN: 09394753     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.07.005     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Kahn R. Proceedings of a consensus development conference on standardized measures in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1992, 15:1080-1103.
2. Neil H.A.W., Thompson A.V., John S., McCarthy S.T., Mann J.I. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy: the prevalence of impaired heart rate variability in a geographically defined population. Diabet Med 1989, 6:20-24.
3. Shaw J.E., Zimmet P.Z., Gries F.A., Ziegler D. Epidemiology of diabetic neuropathy. Textbook of diabetic neuropathy 2003, 64-82. Thieme, Stuttgard New York. F.A. Gries, N.E. Cameron, P.A. Low, D. Ziegler (Eds.).
4. Witte D.R., Tesfaye S., Chaturvedi N., Eaton S.E., Kempler P., Fuller J.H. Risk factors for cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2005, 48:164-167. EURODIAB prospective complications study group.
5. Vinik A.I., Maser R.E., Mitchell B.D., Freeman R. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:1553-1579.
6. Vinik A.I., Ziegler D. Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Circulation 2007, 115:387-397.
7. Valensi P., Sachs R.N., Harfouche B., Lormeau B., Paries J., Cosson E., et al. Predictive value of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients with or without silent myocardial ischemia. Diabetes Care 2001, 24:339-343.
8. Wackers F.J., Young L.H., Inzucchi S.E., Chyun D.A., Davey J.A., Barrett E.J., et al. Detection of ischemia in asymptomatic diabetics investigators, detection of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic diabetic subjects: the DIAD study. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:1954-1961.
9. Spallone V., Menzinger G., Ziegler D. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy - cardiovascular system. Textbook of diabetic neuropathy 2003, 225-241. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgard New York. F.A. Gries, N.E. Cameron, P.A. Low, D. Ziegler (Eds.).
10. A.D.A., A.A.N Consensus statement: report and recommendations of the San Antonio conference on diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1988, 11:592-597.
11. Boulton A.J., Vinik A.I., Arezzo J.C., Bril V., Feldman E.L., Freeman R., et al. Diabetic neuropathies: a statement by the American diabetes association. Diabetes Care 2005, 28:956-962. American Diabetes Association.
12. Anonymous Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, pure autonomic failure, and multiple system atrophy. Neurology 1998, 46:1470.
13. Anonymous Assessment: clinical autonomic testing report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American academy of neurology. Neurology 1996, 46:873-880.
14. Lahrmann H., Magnifico F., Haensch C.A., Cortelli P. Autonomic nervous system laboratories: a European survey. Eur J Neurol 2005, 12:375-379.
15. Spallone V., Bax G., Bellavere F., Esposito K., Melga P., Morganti R., et al. Raccomandazioni sull'uso dei test cardiovascolari nella diagnosi di neuropatia autonomica diabetica. Il Diabete 2007, 19:197-223.
16. Brainin M., Barnes M., Baron J.C., Gilhus N.E., Hughes R., Selmaj K., et al. Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines by EFNS scientific task forces - revised recommendations 2004. Eur J Neurol 2004, 11:577-581.
17. O'Donovan D., Samson M., Feinle C., Jones K.L., Horowitz M. Gastrointestinal tract. Textbook of diabetic neuropathy 2003, 246-262. Thieme. F.A. Gries, N.E. Cameron, P.A. Low, D. Ziegler (Eds.).
18. Low P.A., Benrud-Larson L.M., Sletten D.M., Opfer-Gehrking T.L., Weigand S.D., O'Brien P.C., et al. Autonomic symptoms and diabetic neuropathy: a population-based study. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:2942-2947.
19. Ewing D.J. Analysis of heart rate variability and other non-invasive tests with special reference to diabetes mellitus. Autonomic failure 1992, 312-333. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 3rd ed. R. Bannister, C.J. Mathias (Eds.).
20. Ziegler D., Laux G., Dannehl K., Spüler M., Mühlen H., Mayer P., et al. Assessment of cardiovascular autonomic function: age-related normal ranges and reproducibility of spectral analysis, vector analysis, and standard tests of heart rate variation and blood pressure responses. Diabet Med 1992, 9:166-175.
21. Pfeifer M. Cardiovascular assessment. Diabetic neuropathy 1999, 171-183. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 2nd ed. P.J. Dyck, P.K. Thomas (Eds.).
22. Mathias C.J., Bannister R. Investigation of autonomic disorders. Autonomic failure 1999, 169-195. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 4th ed. C.J. Mathias, R. Bannister (Eds.).
23. Wieling W., Karemaker J.M. Measurement of heart rate and blood pressure to evaluate disturbances in neurocardiovascular control. Autonomic failure 1999, 196-210. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 4th ed. C.J. Mathias, R. Bannister (Eds.).
24. Freeman R. Assessment of cardiovascular autonomic function. Clin Neurophysiol 2006, 117:716-730.
25. Low P.A., Denq J.C., Opfer-Gehrking T.L., Dyck P.J., O'Brien P.C., Slezak J.M. Effect of age and gender on sudomotor and cardiovagal function and blood pressure response to tilt in normal subjects. Muscle Nerve 1997, 20:1561-1568.
26. Spallone V., Morganti R., Fedele T., D'Amato C., Maiello M.R. Reappraisal of the diagnostic role of orthostatic hypotension in diabetes. Clin Auton Res 2009, 19:58-64.
27. Ravits J.M. AAEM minimonograph #48: autonomic nervous system testing. Muscle Nerve 1997, 20:919-937.
28. Lawrence G.P., Home P.D., Murray A. Repeatability of measurements and sources of variability in tests of cardiovascular autonomic function. Br Heart J 1992, 68:205-211.
29. Maser R.E., Lenhard M.G. An overview of the effect of weight loss on cardiovascular autonomic function. Curr Diabetes Rev 2007, 3:204-211.
30. Valensi P., Pariès J., Attali J.R. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients: influence of diabetes duration, obesity, and microangiopathic complications - the French multicenter study. Metabolism 2003, 52:815-820. French Group for Research and Study of Diabetic Neuropathy.
31. Zoppini G., Cacciatori V., Gemma M.L., Moghetti P., Targher G., Zamboni C., et al. Effect of moderate aerobic exercise on sympatho-vagal balance in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 2007, 24:370-376.
32. Rossi M., Marti G., Ricordi L., Gornasari G., Finardi G., Fratino P., et al. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in obese subjects. Clin Sci 1989, 76:567-572.
33. Adler G.K., Bonyhay I., Failing H., Waring E., Dotson S., Freeman R. Antecedent hypoglycemia impairs autonomic cardiovascular function: implications for rigorous glycemic control. Diabetes 2009, 58:360-366.
34. Gerritsen J., Dekker J.M., TenVoorde B.J., Bertelsmann F.W., Kostense P.J., Stehouwer C.D., et al. Glucose tolerance and other determinants of cardiovascular autonomic function: the hoorn study. Diabetologia 2000, 43:561-570.
35. Kleiger R.E., Stein P.K., Bigger J.T. Heart rate variability: measurement and clinical utility. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2005, 10:88-101.
36. Maser R.E., Lenhard M.J. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy due to diabetes mellitus: clinical manifestations, consequences, and treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90:5896-5903.
37. Sandroni P. Testing autonomic nervous system Nov. Dec. 1998, IASP Newsletter. http://www.iasp-pain.org/.
38. Smith S.A. Reduced sinus arrhythmia in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: diagnostic value of an age-related normal range. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982, 285:1599-1601.
39. Lanigan L.P., Clark C.V., Allawi J., Hill D.W., Keen H. Intraocular pressure responses to systemic autonomic stimulation in diabetes mellitus. Doc Ophthalmol 1989, 72:141-153.
40. Hilz M.J., Dütsch M. Quantitative studies of autonomic function. Muscle Nerve 2006, 33:6-20.
41. Bellavere F., Thomaseth K., Cobelli C., Balzani I., De Masi G., Guarini L., et al. Evaluation of the vagal-sympathetic interaction in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy through power spectrum density analysis of the heart rate. A critical revision of the natural history of diabetic autonomic neuropathy is possible. Funct Neurol 1989, 4:177-181.