메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1053-1071

Diarrhea: Case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

(26)  Gidudu, J a   Sack, D A b   Pina, M c   Hudson, M J d   Kohl, K S a   Bishop, P e   Chatterjee, A f   Chiappini, E g   Compingbutra, A a   da Costa, C h   Fernandopulle, R i   Fischer, T K j   Haber, P a   Masana, W k   de Menezes, Martins R l   Kang, G m   Khuri Bulos, N n   Killion, L A o   Nair, C p   Poerschke, G q   more..


Author keywords

Adverse event; Case definition; Diarrhea; Guidelines; Immunization

Indexed keywords

ROTAVIRUS VACCINE;

EID: 78751584989     PISSN: 0264410X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.11.065     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (97)
  • 1
    • 0033036439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic diarrhea
    • American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement
    • American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement Guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic diarrhea. Gastroenterology 1999, 116:1461-1463.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.116 , pp. 1461-1463
  • 2
    • 0033038673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AGA technical review on the evaluation and management of chronic diarrhea
    • Fine K.D., Schiller L.R. AGA technical review on the evaluation and management of chronic diarrhea. Gastroenterology 1999, 116:1464-1486.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.116 , pp. 1464-1486
    • Fine, K.D.1    Schiller, L.R.2
  • 3
    • 0346192292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing acute gastroenteritis among children: oral rehydration, maintenance, and nutritional therapy
    • King C.K., Glass R., Bresee J.S., Duggan C. Managing acute gastroenteritis among children: oral rehydration, maintenance, and nutritional therapy. MMWR Recomm Rep 2003, 52:1-16.
    • (2003) MMWR Recomm Rep , vol.52 , pp. 1-16
    • King, C.K.1    Glass, R.2    Bresee, J.S.3    Duggan, C.4
  • 4
    • 1342265603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diarrhoea in children: an interface between developing and developed countries
    • Thapar N., Sanderson I.R. Diarrhoea in children: an interface between developing and developed countries. Lancet 2004, 363:641-653.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 641-653
    • Thapar, N.1    Sanderson, I.R.2
  • 5
    • 0346787909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea
    • Thielman N.M., Guerrant R.L. Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. N Engl J Med 2004, 350:38-47.
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.350 , pp. 38-47
    • Thielman, N.M.1    Guerrant, R.L.2
  • 10
    • 0025618635 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and transmission of rotavirus infections and diarrhoea in St. Lucia, West Indies
    • Henry F.J., Bartholomew R.K. Epidemiology and transmission of rotavirus infections and diarrhoea in St. Lucia, West Indies. W Indian Med J 1990, 39:205-212.
    • (1990) W Indian Med J , vol.39 , pp. 205-212
    • Henry, F.J.1    Bartholomew, R.K.2
  • 11
    • 0028012378 scopus 로고
    • Proportional hazards analysis of diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and breast feeding in a cohort of urban Mexican children
    • Long K.Z., Wood J.W., Vasquez Gariby E., Weiss K.M., Mathewson J.J., de la Cabada F.J., et al. Proportional hazards analysis of diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and breast feeding in a cohort of urban Mexican children. Am J Epidemiol 1994, 139:193-205.
    • (1994) Am J Epidemiol , vol.139 , pp. 193-205
    • Long, K.Z.1    Wood, J.W.2    Vasquez Gariby, E.3    Weiss, K.M.4    Mathewson, J.J.5    de la Cabada, F.J.6
  • 12
    • 0024382392 scopus 로고
    • Exclusion of clinically atypical or microbiologically mixed diarrhoeal episodes from outcome events in a field trial of oral cholera vaccines
    • Clemens J.D., Stanton B.F., Harris J.R., Charkaborty J., Sack D.A., Rao M.R., et al. Exclusion of clinically atypical or microbiologically mixed diarrhoeal episodes from outcome events in a field trial of oral cholera vaccines. Int J Epidemiol 1989, 18:440-445.
    • (1989) Int J Epidemiol , vol.18 , pp. 440-445
    • Clemens, J.D.1    Stanton, B.F.2    Harris, J.R.3    Charkaborty, J.4    Sack, D.A.5    Rao, M.R.6
  • 13
    • 0030053974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and Efficacy of high-dose Rhesus-Human Reassortant Rotavirus vaccines-Report of the National Multi center Trial
    • Rennels M.B., Glass R.I., Dennehy P.H., Bernestein D.I., Pichichero M.E., Zito E.T., et al. Safety and Efficacy of high-dose Rhesus-Human Reassortant Rotavirus vaccines-Report of the National Multi center Trial. Pediatrics 1996, 97:7-13.
    • (1996) Pediatrics , vol.97 , pp. 7-13
    • Rennels, M.B.1    Glass, R.I.2    Dennehy, P.H.3    Bernestein, D.I.4    Pichichero, M.E.5    Zito, E.T.6
  • 17
    • 33745569661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new combination vaccine for measles, mumps, rubella and varicella
    • Zareba G. A new combination vaccine for measles, mumps, rubella and varicella. Drugs Today 2006, 42(5):321-329.
    • (2006) Drugs Today , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 321-329
    • Zareba, G.1
  • 18
    • 0035160849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rotavirus diarrhea disease burden in Peru: the need for a rotavirus vaccine and its potential cost savings
    • Ehrenkranz P., Lanata C.F., Penny M.E., Salazar-Lindo E., Glass R.I. Rotavirus diarrhea disease burden in Peru: the need for a rotavirus vaccine and its potential cost savings. Rev Panam Salud Publ 2001, 10:240-248.
    • (2001) Rev Panam Salud Publ , vol.10 , pp. 240-248
    • Ehrenkranz, P.1    Lanata, C.F.2    Penny, M.E.3    Salazar-Lindo, E.4    Glass, R.I.5
  • 20
    • 0025371973 scopus 로고
    • A new combined trivalent live measles (AIK-C strain), mumps (Hoshino strain), and rubella (Takahashi strain) vaccine
    • Makino S., Sasaki K., Nakayama T., Oka S., Urano T., Kimura M., et al. A new combined trivalent live measles (AIK-C strain), mumps (Hoshino strain), and rubella (Takahashi strain) vaccine. Am J Dis Child 1990, 144:905-910.
    • (1990) Am J Dis Child , vol.144 , pp. 905-910
    • Makino, S.1    Sasaki, K.2    Nakayama, T.3    Oka, S.4    Urano, T.5    Kimura, M.6
  • 21
    • 18744420085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An adult formulation of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids is safe and immunogenic in adolescents and adults
    • Halperin A.S., Smith B., Russell M., Hasselback P., Guasparini R., Skowronski D., et al. An adult formulation of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids is safe and immunogenic in adolescents and adults. Vaccine 2000, 18:1312-1319.
    • (2000) Vaccine , vol.18 , pp. 1312-1319
    • Halperin, A.S.1    Smith, B.2    Russell, M.3    Hasselback, P.4    Guasparini, R.5    Skowronski, D.6
  • 22
    • 0035860588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective randomized comparative US trial of a combination hepatitis A and B vaccine (Twinrix) with corresponding monovalent vaccines (Havarix and Engerix-B) in adults
    • Joines R.W., Blatter M., Abraham B., Xie F., De Clercq N., Bbaine Y., et al. A prospective randomized comparative US trial of a combination hepatitis A and B vaccine (Twinrix) with corresponding monovalent vaccines (Havarix and Engerix-B) in adults. Vaccine 2001, 19:4710-4719.
    • (2001) Vaccine , vol.19 , pp. 4710-4719
    • Joines, R.W.1    Blatter, M.2    Abraham, B.3    Xie, F.4    De Clercq, N.5    Bbaine, Y.6
  • 23
    • 0032053996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and immunogenicity of a combined five-component pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus-inactivated poliomyelitis-Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine administered to infants at two, four and six months of age
    • Mills E., Gold R., Thipphawong J., Barreto L., Guasparini R., Meekison W., et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a combined five-component pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus-inactivated poliomyelitis-Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine administered to infants at two, four and six months of age. Vaccine 1998, 16:576-585.
    • (1998) Vaccine , vol.16 , pp. 576-585
    • Mills, E.1    Gold, R.2    Thipphawong, J.3    Barreto, L.4    Guasparini, R.5    Meekison, W.6
  • 24
    • 0035860617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity, safety and lot consistency in adults of a chromatographically purified vero-cell rabies vaccine: a randomized, double-blind trial with human diploid cell rabies vaccine
    • Jones R.L., Froeschle J.E., Atmar R.L., Matthews J.S., Sanders R., Pardalos J., et al. Immunogenicity, safety and lot consistency in adults of a chromatographically purified vero-cell rabies vaccine: a randomized, double-blind trial with human diploid cell rabies vaccine. Vaccine 2001, 19:4635-4643.
    • (2001) Vaccine , vol.19 , pp. 4635-4643
    • Jones, R.L.1    Froeschle, J.E.2    Atmar, R.L.3    Matthews, J.S.4    Sanders, R.5    Pardalos, J.6
  • 25
    • 33646367171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acellular pertussis vaccine booster combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for adolescents
    • Pichichero M.E., Blatter M.M., Kennedy W.A., Hedrick J., Descamps D., Friedland L.R. Acellular pertussis vaccine booster combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for adolescents. Pediatrics 2006, 117:1084-1093.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117 , pp. 1084-1093
    • Pichichero, M.E.1    Blatter, M.M.2    Kennedy, W.A.3    Hedrick, J.4    Descamps, D.5    Friedland, L.R.6
  • 26
    • 48449101248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the bivalent killed, whole-cell, oral cholera vaccine in adults and children in a cholera endemic area in Kolkata, India
    • June
    • Mahalanabis D., Lopez A.L., Sur D., Deen J., Manna B., Kanungo S., et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the bivalent killed, whole-cell, oral cholera vaccine in adults and children in a cholera endemic area in Kolkata, India. PloS ONE 2008, 3(June (6)):e2323.
    • (2008) PloS ONE , vol.3 , Issue.6
    • Mahalanabis, D.1    Lopez, A.L.2    Sur, D.3    Deen, J.4    Manna, B.5    Kanungo, S.6
  • 27
    • 52949095018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The polymeric stability of the Escherichia coli F4 (K88) fimbriae enhances its mucosal immunogenicity following oral immunization
    • [Epub 2008 Aug 3], October
    • Verdonck F., Joensuu J.J., Stuyven E., De Meyer J., Muilu M., Pirhonen M., et al. The polymeric stability of the Escherichia coli F4 (K88) fimbriae enhances its mucosal immunogenicity following oral immunization. Vaccine. 2008, 26(October (45)):5728-5735. [Epub 2008 Aug 3].
    • (2008) Vaccine. , vol.26 , Issue.45 , pp. 5728-5735
    • Verdonck, F.1    Joensuu, J.J.2    Stuyven, E.3    De Meyer, J.4    Muilu, M.5    Pirhonen, M.6
  • 28
    • 55849150142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel vaccines: bridging research, development and production
    • Demirjian A., Levy O. Novel vaccines: bridging research, development and production. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008 Nov, 7(9):1321-1324.
    • (2008) Expert Rev Vaccines , vol.7 , Issue.9 , pp. 1321-1324
    • Demirjian, A.1    Levy, O.2
  • 29
    • 44749092472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and immunogenicity of WRSd1, a live attenuated Shigella dysenteriae type 1 vaccine candidate
    • [Epub 2008 Apr 16], June
    • McKenzie R., Venkatesan M.M., Wolf M.K., Islam D., Grahek S., Jones A.M., et al. Safety and immunogenicity of WRSd1, a live attenuated Shigella dysenteriae type 1 vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2008, 9(June (26)):3291-3296. [Epub 2008 Apr 16].
    • (2008) Vaccine , vol.9 , Issue.26 , pp. 3291-3296
    • McKenzie, R.1    Venkatesan, M.M.2    Wolf, M.K.3    Islam, D.4    Grahek, S.5    Jones, A.M.6
  • 30
    • 34447262157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of standardized case definitions and guidelines for adverse events following immunization
    • Kohl K.S., Gidudu J., Bonhoeffer J., Miles Braun M., Buettcher M., Chen R.T., et al. The development of standardized case definitions and guidelines for adverse events following immunization. Vaccine 2007, 22:5671-5674.
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.22 , pp. 5671-5674
    • Kohl, K.S.1    Gidudu, J.2    Bonhoeffer, J.3    Miles Braun, M.4    Buettcher, M.5    Chen, R.T.6
  • 31
    • 15044347921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • Kotowaska M., Albrecht P., Szajewska H. Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005, 21:583-590.
    • (2005) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.21 , pp. 583-590
    • Kotowaska, M.1    Albrecht, P.2    Szajewska, H.3
  • 32
    • 17444370580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of B. lactis and S. thermophilus for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in infants
    • Corrêa N.B., Péret Filho L.A., Penna F.J., Lima F.M., Nicoli J.R. A randomized controlled trial of B. lactis and S. thermophilus for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in infants. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005, 39:385-389.
    • (2005) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.39 , pp. 385-389
    • Corrêa, N.B.1    Péret Filho, L.A.2    Penna, F.J.3    Lima, F.M.4    Nicoli, J.R.5
  • 33
    • 0025946046 scopus 로고
    • Dietary risk factors associated with acute and persistent diarrhoea in children in Karachi, Pakistan
    • Badruddin S.H., Islam A., Hendrinks K.M., Bhutta Z.A., Shaikh S., Snyder J.D., et al. Dietary risk factors associated with acute and persistent diarrhoea in children in Karachi, Pakistan. Am J Clin Nutr 1991, 54:745-749.
    • (1991) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.54 , pp. 745-749
    • Badruddin, S.H.1    Islam, A.2    Hendrinks, K.M.3    Bhutta, Z.A.4    Shaikh, S.5    Snyder, J.D.6
  • 35
    • 0021991390 scopus 로고
    • Effect on clinical outcome of breast feeding during acute diarrhoea
    • Maung U.K., Nyunt-Wai N., Khin M., Khin M.M., Toe T. Effect on clinical outcome of breast feeding during acute diarrhoea. Br Med J 1985, 290:587-589.
    • (1985) Br Med J , vol.290 , pp. 587-589
    • Maung, U.K.1    Nyunt-Wai, N.2    Khin, M.3    Khin, M.M.4    Toe, T.5
  • 36
    • 0028244427 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged breast feeding, diarrhoeal disease, and survival of children in Guinea-Bissau
    • Mølbak K., Gottschau A., Aaby P., Højlyng N., Ingholt L., da Silva A.P. Prolonged breast feeding, diarrhoeal disease, and survival of children in Guinea-Bissau. Br Med J 1994, 308(6941):1403-1406.
    • (1994) Br Med J , vol.308 , Issue.6941 , pp. 1403-1406
    • Mølbak, K.1    Gottschau, A.2    Aaby, P.3    Højlyng, N.4    Ingholt, L.5    da Silva, A.P.6
  • 38
    • 1542287426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a live, quadrivalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine in healthy infants
    • Clark H.F., Bernstein D.I., Dennehy P.H., Offit P., Pichichero M., Treanor J. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a live, quadrivalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine in healthy infants. J Pediatr 2004, 144:184-190.
    • (2004) J Pediatr , vol.144 , pp. 184-190
    • Clark, H.F.1    Bernstein, D.I.2    Dennehy, P.H.3    Offit, P.4    Pichichero, M.5    Treanor, J.6
  • 39
    • 0019825481 scopus 로고
    • Development of serum and intestinal antibody response to Rotavirus after naturally acquired Rotavirus infection in man
    • Riepenhoff-Talty M., Bogger-Goren S., Li P., Carmody P.J., Barret H.J., Ogra P.L. Development of serum and intestinal antibody response to Rotavirus after naturally acquired Rotavirus infection in man. J Med Virol 1981, 1081(8):215-222.
    • (1981) J Med Virol , vol.1081 , Issue.8 , pp. 215-222
    • Riepenhoff-Talty, M.1    Bogger-Goren, S.2    Li, P.3    Carmody, P.J.4    Barret, H.J.5    Ogra, P.L.6
  • 40
    • 0023090419 scopus 로고
    • Protection against severe rotavirus diarrhea by rhesus rotavirus vaccine in Venezuela infants
    • Flores J., Perez-Schael I., Gonzalez M., Garcia D., Mireya P., Daoud N. Protection against severe rotavirus diarrhea by rhesus rotavirus vaccine in Venezuela infants. Lancet 1987, 1:882-884.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 882-884
    • Flores, J.1    Perez-Schael, I.2    Gonzalez, M.3    Garcia, D.4    Mireya, P.5    Daoud, N.6
  • 41
    • 0043195461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Cancer Institute, Bethesda (MD), National Cancer Institute
    • National Cancer Institute Common toxicity criteria manual 1999, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda (MD).
    • (1999) Common toxicity criteria manual
  • 44
    • 0025258878 scopus 로고
    • Rotavirus disease in Finnish children: use of numerical scores for clinical severity of diarrhoeal episodes
    • Ruuska T., Vesikari T. Rotavirus disease in Finnish children: use of numerical scores for clinical severity of diarrhoeal episodes. Scand J Infect Dis 1990, 22(3):259-267.
    • (1990) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-267
    • Ruuska, T.1    Vesikari, T.2
  • 45
    • 0031900841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a volunteer model of cholera with frozen bacteria as the challenge
    • Sack D.A., Tacket C.O., Cohen M.B., Sack R.B., Losonsky G.A., Shimko J., et al. Validation of a volunteer model of cholera with frozen bacteria as the challenge. Infect Immun 1998, 66:1968-1972.
    • (1998) Infect Immun , vol.66 , pp. 1968-1972
    • Sack, D.A.1    Tacket, C.O.2    Cohen, M.B.3    Sack, R.B.4    Losonsky, G.A.5    Shimko, J.6
  • 47
    • 0033008820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteropathogens and other factors associated with severe disease in children with acute watery diarrhea in Lima, Peru
    • Cama R.I., Parashar U.D., Taylor D.N., Hickey T., Figueroa D., Ortega Y.R., et al. Enteropathogens and other factors associated with severe disease in children with acute watery diarrhea in Lima, Peru. J Infect Dis 1999, 179:1139-1144.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , pp. 1139-1144
    • Cama, R.I.1    Parashar, U.D.2    Taylor, D.N.3    Hickey, T.4    Figueroa, D.5    Ortega, Y.R.6
  • 49
    • 0028868934 scopus 로고
    • Role of social factors in the prevalence of diarrhoeal disease in under-five Saudi children
    • Al-Mazrou Y.Y., Khan M.U., Aziz K.M.S., Farag M.K., Al-Jefry M. Role of social factors in the prevalence of diarrhoeal disease in under-five Saudi children. J Trop Pediatr 1995, 41(Suppl. 1):S45-S52.
    • (1995) J Trop Pediatr , vol.41 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Al-Mazrou, Y.Y.1    Khan, M.U.2    Aziz, K.M.S.3    Farag, M.K.4    Al-Jefry, M.5
  • 52
    • 33845328836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology and burden of rotavirus in China: a review of the literature from 1983 to 2005
    • Orenstein E.W., Fang Z.Y., Xu J., Liu C., Shen K., Qian Y., et al. The epidemiology and burden of rotavirus in China: a review of the literature from 1983 to 2005. Vaccine 2007, 25:406-413.
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.25 , pp. 406-413
    • Orenstein, E.W.1    Fang, Z.Y.2    Xu, J.3    Liu, C.4    Shen, K.5    Qian, Y.6
  • 53
    • 0033522521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current Status and future priorities for rotavirus vaccine development, evaluation and implementation in developing countries
    • Bresee J.S., Glass R.I., Ivanoff B., Gentsch J.R. Current Status and future priorities for rotavirus vaccine development, evaluation and implementation in developing countries. Vaccine 1999, 17:2207-2222.
    • (1999) Vaccine , vol.17 , pp. 2207-2222
    • Bresee, J.S.1    Glass, R.I.2    Ivanoff, B.3    Gentsch, J.R.4
  • 55
    • 0030053974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of high-dose rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccines-report of the National Multicenter Trial: Unites States Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group
    • Rennels M.B., Glass R.I., Dennehy P.H., Bernstein D.I., Pichichero M.E., Zito E.T., et al. Safety and efficacy of high-dose rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccines-report of the National Multicenter Trial: Unites States Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group. Pediatrics 1996, 97:7-13.
    • (1996) Pediatrics , vol.97 , pp. 7-13
    • Rennels, M.B.1    Glass, R.I.2    Dennehy, P.H.3    Bernstein, D.I.4    Pichichero, M.E.5    Zito, E.T.6
  • 57
    • 10444262914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norovirus gastroenteritis general outbreak associated with raw shellfish consumption in South Italy
    • Prato R., Lopalco P.L., Chironna M., Barbuti G., Germinario C., Quarto M. Norovirus gastroenteritis general outbreak associated with raw shellfish consumption in South Italy. BMC Infectious Diseases 2004, 4:37. 10.1186/1471-2334-4-37.
    • (2004) BMC Infectious Diseases , vol.4 , pp. 37
    • Prato, R.1    Lopalco, P.L.2    Chironna, M.3    Barbuti, G.4    Germinario, C.5    Quarto, M.6
  • 59
    • 0024214979 scopus 로고
    • Persistent diarrhoea in children in developing countries: memorandum from WHO meeting
    • WHO
    • WHO Persistent diarrhoea in children in developing countries: memorandum from WHO meeting. Bulletin of World Health Organization 1988, 66:706-717.
    • (1988) Bulletin of World Health Organization , vol.66 , pp. 706-717
  • 60
    • 0003566405 scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, Geneva. (WHO/CDR/95.3), Division of Diarrhoeal and Acute Respiratory Disease Control
    • Division of Diarrhoeal and Acute Respiratory Disease Control The treatment of diarrhoea: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers 1995, World Health Organization, Geneva, p. 1-54 (WHO/CDR/95.3).
    • (1995) The treatment of diarrhoea: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers , pp. 1-54
  • 61
    • 0027122957 scopus 로고
    • Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults
    • RR-17, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR 1992, 41(RR-17):1-19.
    • (1992) MMWR , vol.41 , pp. 1-19
  • 62
    • 0033036439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic diarrhea
    • American Gastroenterological Association Medical position paper statement
    • American Gastroenterological Association Medical position paper statement Guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic diarrhea. Gastroenterology 1999, 116:1461-1463.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.116 , pp. 1461-1463
  • 63
    • 78751573217 scopus 로고
    • Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York (NY), ISBN 0-444-01573-6
    • Michael F. Diarrheal diseases 1991, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York (NY), ISBN 0-444-01573-6.
    • (1991) Diarrheal diseases
    • Michael, F.1
  • 65
    • 0027192148 scopus 로고
    • Prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea
    • Dupont H.L., Ericsson C.D. Prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea. N Engl J Med 1993, 328:1821-1827.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 1821-1827
    • Dupont, H.L.1    Ericsson, C.D.2
  • 68
    • 78751580895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available on the world wide web [last accessed 09.02.08], International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH)
    • International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Guidelines for clinical safety assessment (E2a-e) 2008, Available on the world wide web [last accessed 09.02.08]. http://www.ich.org/.
    • (2008) Guidelines for clinical safety assessment (E2a-e)
  • 69
    • 78751573215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available on the world wide web [last accessed 09.02.08], Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS)
    • Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) Reporting form for international reporting of adverse drug reactions 2008, Available on the world wide web [last accessed 09.02.08]. http://www.cioms.ch/frame_what_is_cioms.htm.
    • (2008) Reporting form for international reporting of adverse drug reactions
  • 70
    • 0142119235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for maintaining and managing the vaccine cold chain
    • Available on the world wide web at [last accessed 26.01.08], CDC
    • CDC Guidelines for maintaining and managing the vaccine cold chain. MMWR 2003, 52:1023-1025. Available on the world wide web at [last accessed 26.01.08]. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5242a6.htm.
    • (2003) MMWR , vol.52 , pp. 1023-1025
  • 71
    • 39049175106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General Recommendations on Immunization. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • Available on the world wide web at:, [last accessed 26.01.08], RR 15, CDC
    • CDC General Recommendations on Immunization. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2003, 55(RR 15):1-48. Available on the world wide web at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5515a1.htm?s_cid=rr5515a1_e%0d%0a [last accessed 26.01.08].
    • (2003) MMWR , vol.55 , pp. 1-48
  • 72
    • 0005423729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, publication no. WHO/V&B/99.15. Available at:, World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization Temperature monitors for vaccines and the cold chain 1999, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, publication no. WHO/V&B/99.15. Available at: http://www.who.int/vaccines-documents/DocsPDF/www9804.pdf.
    • (1999) Temperature monitors for vaccines and the cold chain
  • 73
    • 78751579469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC: Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report (MMWR). QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged >25 Years with Limitation of Activity Caused by One or More Chronic Conditions, by Education Level and Sex-National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2006. June 6, 2008/57(22); 607.
    • CDC: Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report (MMWR). QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged >25 Years with Limitation of Activity Caused by One or More Chronic Conditions, by Education Level and Sex-National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2006. June 6, 2008/57(22); 607.
  • 74
    • 0035906308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials
    • CONSORT Group (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials), Available on the world wide web at [last accessed 08.08.08]
    • Moher D., Schulz K.F., Altman D. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. JAMA 2001, 285:1987-1991. CONSORT Group (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials), Available on the world wide web at [last accessed 08.08.08]. http://www.consort-statement.org/Initiatives/complements.htm.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1987-1991
    • Moher, D.1    Schulz, K.F.2    Altman, D.3
  • 75
    • 0033610734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of reporting of meta-analyses
    • Available on the world wide web [last accessed 08.08.08]
    • Moher D., Cook D.J., Eastwood S., Olkin I., Rennie D., Stroup D.F. Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of reporting of meta-analyses. Lancet 1999, 354:1896-1900. Available on the world wide web [last accessed 08.08.08]. http://www.consort-statement.org/Initiatives/complements.htm.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1896-1900
    • Moher, D.1    Cook, D.J.2    Eastwood, S.3    Olkin, I.4    Rennie, D.5    Stroup, D.F.6
  • 76
    • 0034685429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) group
    • Available at: [last accessed 08.08.08]
    • Stroup D.F., Berlin J.A., Morton S.C., Olkin I., Williamson G.D., Rennie D., et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000, 283:2008-2012. Available at: [last accessed 08.08.08]. http://www.consort-statement.org/Initiatives/complements.htm.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 2008-2012
    • Stroup, D.F.1    Berlin, J.A.2    Morton, S.C.3    Olkin, I.4    Williamson, G.D.5    Rennie, D.6
  • 77
    • 56949101583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A local reaction at or near injection site: case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and prevention of immunization safety data
    • Gidudu J., Kohl K.S., Halperin S., Hammer S.J., Heath P.T., Hennig R., et al. A local reaction at or near injection site: case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis, and prevention of immunization safety data. Vaccine 2008, 26:6800-6813.
    • (2008) Vaccine , vol.26 , pp. 6800-6813
    • Gidudu, J.1    Kohl, K.S.2    Halperin, S.3    Hammer, S.J.4    Heath, P.T.5    Hennig, R.6
  • 78
    • 9144267669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fever as an adverse event following immunization: case definition and guidelines of data collection, analysis, and presentation
    • Marcy S.M., Kohl K.S., Dagan R., Nalin D., Blum M., Connell Jones M., et al. Fever as an adverse event following immunization: case definition and guidelines of data collection, analysis, and presentation. Vaccine 2004, 22:551-556.
    • (2004) Vaccine , vol.22 , pp. 551-556
    • Marcy, S.M.1    Kohl, K.S.2    Dagan, R.3    Nalin, D.4    Blum, M.5    Connell Jones, M.6
  • 79
    • 1642493627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized convulsive seizure as an adverse event following immunization: case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation
    • Bonhoeffer J., Menkes J., Gold M.S., de Souza-Brito G., Fisher M.C., Halsey N., et al. Generalized convulsive seizure as an adverse event following immunization: case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation. Vaccine 2004, 22:557-562.
    • (2004) Vaccine , vol.22 , pp. 557-562
    • Bonhoeffer, J.1    Menkes, J.2    Gold, M.S.3    de Souza-Brito, G.4    Fisher, M.C.5    Halsey, N.6
  • 80
    • 1642575060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent crying in infants and children as an adverse event following immunization: case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation
    • Bonhoeffer J., Vermeer P., Halperin S., Kempe A., Music S., Shindman J., et al. Persistent crying in infants and children as an adverse event following immunization: case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation. Vaccine 2004, 22:587-592.
    • (2004) Vaccine , vol.22 , pp. 587-592
    • Bonhoeffer, J.1    Vermeer, P.2    Halperin, S.3    Kempe, A.4    Music, S.5    Shindman, J.6
  • 81
    • 9144220761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute intussusception in infants and children as an adverse event following immunization: case definition and guidelines of data collection, analysis, and presentation
    • Bines J.E., Kohl K.S., Forster J., Zanardi L.R., Davis R.L., Hansen J., et al. Acute intussusception in infants and children as an adverse event following immunization: case definition and guidelines of data collection, analysis, and presentation. Vaccine 2004, 22:569-574.
    • (2004) Vaccine , vol.22 , pp. 569-574
    • Bines, J.E.1    Kohl, K.S.2    Forster, J.3    Zanardi, L.R.4    Davis, R.L.5    Hansen, J.6
  • 82
  • 83
    • 0023718505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of dysentery by community health workers
    • Ronsmans C., Bennish M.L., Wierzba T. Diagnosis and management of dysentery by community health workers. Lancet 1998, 3:552-555.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.3 , pp. 552-555
    • Ronsmans, C.1    Bennish, M.L.2    Wierzba, T.3
  • 84
    • 62449204409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial drugs for persistent diarrhea of unknown or non-specific cause in children under six in low and middle income countries; systematic review of randomized controlled trials
    • Available on the world wide web at:, [last accessed 30.04.09]
    • Abba K., Sinfield R., Hart C.A., Garner P. Antimicrobial drugs for persistent diarrhea of unknown or non-specific cause in children under six in low and middle income countries; systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BMC Infectious Disease 2009, 9:24. Available on the world wide web at: http//www.biomedcentral.com/147-2334/9/24 [last accessed 30.04.09].
    • (2009) BMC Infectious Disease , vol.9 , pp. 24
    • Abba, K.1    Sinfield, R.2    Hart, C.A.3    Garner, P.4
  • 85
    • 0030005624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications of laxative abuse
    • doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.127, February
    • Baker E.H., Sandle G.I. Complications of laxative abuse. Ann Rev Med 1996, 47(February):127-134. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.127.
    • (1996) Ann Rev Med , vol.47 , pp. 127-134
    • Baker, E.H.1    Sandle, G.I.2
  • 86
    • 15344346371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outpatient management of electrolyte imbalances associated with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
    • Olson A.F. Outpatient management of electrolyte imbalances associated with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. J Infusion Nurs 2005, 28(2):118-122.
    • (2005) J Infusion Nurs , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 118-122
    • Olson, A.F.1
  • 87
    • 47649108284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical prevention and treatment of acute and chronic radiation induced enteritis - is there any proven therapy? A short Review
    • doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1027150
    • Zimmerer T., Böcker U., Wenz F., Singer M.V. Medical prevention and treatment of acute and chronic radiation induced enteritis - is there any proven therapy? A short Review. Z Gastroenterol 2008, 46:441-448. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1027150.
    • (2008) Z Gastroenterol , vol.46 , pp. 441-448
    • Zimmerer, T.1    Böcker, U.2    Wenz, F.3    Singer, M.V.4
  • 88
    • 33646420626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional and metabolic complications of bariatric surgery, bariatric surgery
    • Malinowski S.S. Nutritional and metabolic complications of bariatric surgery, bariatric surgery. Am J Med Sci 2006, 331(4):219-225.
    • (2006) Am J Med Sci , vol.331 , Issue.4 , pp. 219-225
    • Malinowski, S.S.1
  • 89
    • 0037330967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of toxic exposure in children
    • Bryant S., Singer J. Management of toxic exposure in children. Emerg Med Clin North Am Feb 2003, 21(1):101-119.
    • (2003) Emerg Med Clin North Am , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-119
    • Bryant, S.1    Singer, J.2
  • 90
    • 50249216209 scopus 로고
    • Kwashiorkor a nutritional disease of children associated with a maize diet
    • Williams C.D. Kwashiorkor a nutritional disease of children associated with a maize diet. Lancet 1935, 2:1151-1152.
    • (1935) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1151-1152
    • Williams, C.D.1
  • 91
    • 0018148992 scopus 로고
    • Escherichia coli strains that cause diarrhoea but do not produce heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins and are non-invasive
    • May
    • Levine M.M., Bergquist E.J., Nalin D.R., Waterman D.H., Hornick R.B., Young C.R., et al. Escherichia coli strains that cause diarrhoea but do not produce heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins and are non-invasive. Lancet 1978, 27(May):1119-11122.
    • (1978) Lancet , vol.27 , pp. 1119-11122
    • Levine, M.M.1    Bergquist, E.J.2    Nalin, D.R.3    Waterman, D.H.4    Hornick, R.B.5    Young, C.R.6
  • 92
    • 33747038426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • No. RR-12, CDC
    • CDC Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2006, 55(No. RR-12). http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5512a1.htm?s_cid=rr5512a1_e.
    • (2006) MMWR , vol.55
  • 93
    • 0002520629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations and reports. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
    • RR02, CDC
    • CDC Recommendations and reports. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2009, 58(RR02):1-25.
    • (2009) MMWR , vol.58 , pp. 1-25
  • 96
    • 53449090837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between two severity scoring scales commonly used in the evaluation of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children
    • Givon-Lavi N., Greenberg D., Dagan R. Comparison between two severity scoring scales commonly used in the evaluation of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children. Vaccine 2008, 26(46):5798-5801.
    • (2008) Vaccine , vol.26 , Issue.46 , pp. 5798-5801
    • Givon-Lavi, N.1    Greenberg, D.2    Dagan, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.