The dilemmas of pro-development actors: Viewing state-ethnic minority relations and intra-ethnic dynamics through contentious development projects

Asian Ethnicity

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 77-100

  McDuie Ra, Duncan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Dam protests; Development protests; Intra ethnic relations; Lepcha; Sikkim; State minority relations

Indexed keywords

EID: 78751484555     PISSN: 14631369     EISSN: 14692953     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14631369.2011.538220     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. '40 ACT Members Sent to JC; 3 to Juvenile Home'. Now (Gangtok), February 11, 2009, 1.
2. 'ACT Demands Unconditional Release'. Now (Gangtok), February 11, 2009, 1.
3. 'ACT Loses Cool on Landmark Day: 599 Days of Peaceful Protest Erupts with Rioting & Arson in Dzongu, 41 Arrested'. Now (Gangtok), February 9, 2009, 1
4. Arora, Vibha. 'Text and Context in Sikkim, India' In Reading Religion in Text and Context, ed. Elisabeth Arweck and Peter Collins, 83-102. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.
5. Arora, Vibha. 'Unheard Voices of Protest in Sikkim'. Economic & Political Weekly, August 25, 2007, 3451-3454.
6. Arora, Vibha. 'Gandhigiri in Sikkim'. Economic & Political Weekly, September 20, 2008, 27-8.
7. Bal, Ellen. 'Becoming the Garos of Bangladesh: Policies of Exclusion and the Ethnicisation of a "Tribal" Minority'. South Asia 30, no. 3 (2007): 439-455.
8. Barabantseva, Elena V. 'Development as Localization: Ethnic Minorities in China's Official Discourse on the Western Development Project'. Critical Asian Studies 41, no. 2 (2009): 225-254.
9. Baruah, Sanjib. Durable Disorder: Understanding the Politics of Northeast India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2005.
10. Bentley, Jenny. 'Change and Culture Revival in a Mountain Community in Sikkim'. Bulletin of Tibetology 43, no. 1/2 (2007/2008): 59-80.
11. Callahan, Mary P. Political Autonomy in Burma's Ethnic Minority States: Devolution, Occupation, and Coexistence. Singapore: Institute of South East Asian Studies, 2007.
12. Cao, Huhua, ed. EthnicMinorities and Regional Development in Asia. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009.
13. Datta, Amal. 'Ethnicity and Resource Management in Sikkim' In Sikkim: Society, Polity, Economy, Environment, ed. Mahendra. P. Lama. 68-81. New Delhi: Indus Publishing Co., 1994.
14. Duncan, Christopher R., ed. Civilizing the Margins: Southeast Asian Government Policies for the Development of Minorities. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004.
15. Duncan, Christopher R. 'Legislating Modernity among the Marginalized'. In Civilizing the Margins: Southeast Asian Government Policies for the Development of Minorities, ed. Christopher R. Duncan. 1-23. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004.
16. Dutta, Soumik. 'Lepcha v Hydropower'. Himal Southasia 20, no. 9 (2007). http://www.himalmag.com/Lepcha-v-hydropower_nw2385.html.
17. Eilenberg, Michael. 'Negotiating Autonomy at the Margins of the State: The Dynamics of Elite Politics in the Borderland of West Kalimantan, Indonesia'. South East Asia Research 17, no. 2 (2009): 201-227.
18. Emirbayer, Mustafa, and Mische Ann, 'What is Agency?'. American Journal of Sociology 103, no. 9 (1998): 962-1023.
19. Foning, Arthur R. Lepcha My Vanishing Tribe. Kalimpong: Chyu-Pandi Farm, 1987.
20. Friedman, Sara L. 'Embodying Civility: Civilising Processes and Symbolic Citizenship in Southeastern China'. The Journal of Asian Studies 63, no. 3 (2004): 687-718.
21. Gorer, Geoffrey. Himalayan Village: An Account of the Lepchas of Sikkim. Varanasi: Pilgrims Publishing, 2005. First published 1938.
22. Government of Sikkim, and Lama P. Mahendra. Sikkim Human Development Report 2001. Delhi: Government of Sikkim/Social Science Press, 2001.
23. Guo, Xiaolin. State and Ethnicity in China's Southwest. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2008.
24. Hagen, Susan. Creating a 'New Nepal': The Ethnic Dimension. Washington: East West Center, 2007.
25. Hardy, Andrew. Red Hills: Migrants and the State in the Highlands of Vietnam. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 2003.
26. Hiltz, Jack. 'Constructing Sikkimese National Identity in the 1960s and 1970s'. Bulletin of Tibetology 32, no. 2 (2003): 69-86.
27. Ibrahim, Zawawi. 'Regional Development in Rural Malaysia and the "Tribal Question"'. Modern Asian Studies 34, no. 1 (2000): 99-137.
28. Jonsson, Hjorleifer. Mien Relations: Mountain People and State Control in Thailand. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.
29. Keyes, Charles. 'Presidential Address: "The Peoples of Asia" - Science and Politics in the Classification of Ethnic Groups in Thailand, China, and Vietnam'. The Journal of Asian Studies 61, no. 4 (2002): 1163-1203.
30. Kikon, Dolly. 'From Loincloth, Suits, to Battle Greens: Politics of Clothing the "Naked" Nagas'. In Beyond Counter-insurgency: Breaking the Impasse in Northeast India, ed. Sanjib. Barauh, 81-100. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2009.
31. Leepreecha, Prasit, Don Mc-Caskill, and Kwanchewan. Buadaeng, eds. Challenging the Limits: Indigenous Peoples of the Mekong Region. Chiang Mai: Mekong Press, 2008.
32. Little, Kerry. 'Lepcha Narratives of their Threatened Sacred Landscapes'. Transforming Cultures e Journal 3, no. 1 (2008): 227-255.
33. Little, Kerry. 'Deep Ecology, Dams, and Dzonguland: Lepchas Protest Narratives about their Threatened Land'. The Trumpeter 25, no. 1 (2009): 34-64.
34. McAdam, Doug, Sidney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly. Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
35. McDuie-Ra, Duncan. 'Vision 2020 or Re-vision 1958: The Contradictory Politics of Counterinsurgency in India's Regional Engagement'. Contemporary South Asia 17, no. 3 (2009): 313-330.
36. McKay, Alex. 'The indigenisation of western medicine in Sikkim'. Bulletin of Tibetology 41, no. 2 (2005): 25-48.
37. Memorandum of Understanding with Respect to Construction of Pananng [sic] Hydrzopower Project at Dzongu Constituency'. Notes
38. Michaud, Jean. 'Handling Mountain Minorities in China, Vietnam and Laos: From History to Current Concerns.'. Asian Ethnicity 10, no. 1 (2009): 25-49.
39. Mullard, Saul. 'The "Tibetan" Formation of Sikkim: Religion, Politics and the Construction of the Coronation Myth'. Bulletin of Tibetology 41, no. 2 (2005): 49-76.
40. Nakane, Chie. 'A Plural Society in Sikkim: A Study of Interrelationship of Lepchas, Bhotias and Nepalis' In Caste and Kin in Nepal, India, and Ceylon: Anthropological Studies in Hindu-Buddhist Contact Zones, ed. Christoph von Fü rer-Haimendorf, 213-263. Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1966.
41. Peluso, Nancy Lee, and Vandergeest Peter. 'Genealogies of the Political Forest and Customary Rights in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand'. The Journal of Asian Studies 60, no. 3 (2001): 761-812.
42. Plaisier, Heleen. 'A Brief Introduction to Lepcha Orthography and Literature'. Bulletin of Tibetology 41, no. 1 (2005): 7-24.
43. Plaisier, Heleen. 'In Awe of so Many Múng: Halfdan Siiger in the Sikkim Himalayas'. Bulletin of Tibetology 43, no. 1/2 (2007/2008): 15-32.
44. Proschan, Frank. 'Peoples of the Gourd: Imagined Ethnicities in Highland Southeast Asia'. The Journal of Asian Studies 60, no. 4 (2001): 999-1032.
45. Sakia, Yasmin. Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004.
46. Santasombat, Yos. 'Karen Cultural Capital and the Political Economy of Symbolic Power'. Asian Ethnicity 5, no. 1 (2004): 105-120.
47. Scott, James. C. The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of South Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.
48. Shneiderman, Sara, and Turin Mark. 'Seeking the Tribe: Ethno-politics in Darjeeling and Sikkim'. Himal Southasia 19, no. 2 (2006): 54-58.
49. 'SHRPP Justifies Act of ACT; Speaks Out Against Hydel Projects'. Now (Gangtok), February 10, 2009, 3.
50. 'State Notification Accords Primitive Tribe Group Status to Lepcha'. Now (Gangtok), November 29, 2006, 1.
51. Sturgeon, Janet C. Border Landscapes: The Politics of Akha Land Use in China and Thailand. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 2005.
52. Vajpeyi, Ananya. 'Resenting the Indian State: For a New Political Practice in the Northeast' In Beyond Counter-insurgency: Breaking the Impasse in Northeast India, ed. Sanjib Barauh. 25-48. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2009.
53. van Schendel, Willem. 'The Invention of The 'Jummas': State Formation and Ethnicity in Southeastern Bangladesh'. Modern Asian Studies 26, no. 1 (1992): 95-128.
54. Wangchuk, Pema. 'Lepchas and their Hydel Protest'. Bulletin of Tibetology 43, no. 1/2 (2007/ 2008): 33-58.
55. Winzeler, Robert L., ed. Indigenous Peoples and the State: Politics, Land and Ethnicity in the Malayan Peninsula and Borneo. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1997.