Increased market integration, value, and ecological knowledge of tea agroforests in the Akha highlands of Southwest China

Ecology and Society

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2010, Pages

  Ahmed, Selena ^a   Stepp, John R ^b   Toleno, Robban A J ^c   Peters, Charles M ^a  

^a NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Ecological knowledge; Land use; Natural resource commercialization; Social networks; Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Indexed keywords

AGROFORESTRY; COMMERCIALIZATION; CULTIVATION; LAND USE CHANGE; MONTANE FOREST; NATURAL RESOURCE; PLANTATION; SMALLHOLDER; SOCIAL NETWORK; SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE; SUSTAINABILITY; TEA;

CHINA; YUNNAN;

CAMELLIA SINENSIS; CAMELLIA SINENSIS VAR. ASSAMICA; THEACEAE;

EID: 78651499961     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17083087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5751/ES-03728-150427     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Abel, T., and J. R. Stepp. 2003. A new ecosystems ecology for anthropology. Conservation Ecology 7 (3): 12. [online] URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol7/iss3/art12/.
2. Ahmed, S., U. Unachukwu, J. R. Stepp, C. M. Peters, L. Chunlin, E. Kennelly. 2010. Pu-erh tea tasting in Yunnan, China: correlation of drinkers' perceptions to phytochemistry. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132:176-185.
3. Alcamo, J., and E. Bennett. 2003. Ecosystems and human well-being: a framework for assessment. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
4. Altieri, M. A. 2003. The sociocultural and food security impacts of genetic pollution via transgenic crops of traditional varieties in Latin American centers of peasant agriculture. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 23:350-359.
5. Alting von Geusau, L. 2000. Akha internal history: marginalization and the ethnic alliance system. Pages 122-158 in A. Turton, editor. Civility and savagery. Curran Publishing House, London, UK.
6. Alting von Geusau, L. 2003. Akha / Yunnanese Chinese symbiosis and strategic identity in southeast Asian mountainous border regions. Thai- Yunnan Project Bulletin 5:2-6.
7. Atran, S., D. Medin, N. Ross, E. Lynch, J. Coley, E.U. Ek, and V. Vapnarsky. 1999. Folkecology and commons management in the Maya lowlands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96:7598-7603.
8. Ayantunde, A., M. Briejer, P. Hiernaux, H. Udo, and R. Tabo. 2008. Botanical knowledge and its differentiation by age, gender and ethnicity in Southwestern Niger. Human Ecology 36:881-889.
9. Benz, B., H. Perales, and S. Brush. 2007. Tzeltal and Tzotzil farmer knowledge and maize diversity in Chiapas, Mexico. Current Anthropology 48:289-300.
10. Berlin, B. 1992. Ethnobiological classification: principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional societies. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
11. Bernstein, H. 2002. Land reform: taking a long(er) view. Journal of Agrarian Change 2(4):433-463.
12. Brush, S., and E. Meng. 1998. Farmers' valuation and conservation of crop genetic resources. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 45:139-150.
13. Chen, J., P. Wang, Y. Xia, M. Xu, and S. Pei. 2005. Genetic diversity and differentiation of Camellia sinensis L. (cultivated tea) and its wild relatives in Yunnan province of China, revealed by morphology, biochemistry and allozyme studies. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 52:41-52.
14. Dijk, P., P. Ashton, and J. Ma. 1999. Indo-Burma. Pages 319-334 in R. A. Mittermeier, N. Myers, P. Robles-Gil, and C.G. Mittermeier, editors. Hotspots. CEMEX, Mexico City, Mexico.
15. Ellen, R., and H. Harris. 2000. Introduction. In R. F. Ellen, P. Parkes, and A. Bicker, editors. Indigenous environmental knowledge and its manifestations: critical anthropological perspectives. Harwood, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
16. Fox, J. 2009. Crossing borders, changing landscapes: land-use dynamics in the Golden Triangle. Asia Pacific Issues: Analysis from the East-West Center 92:1-8.
17. Fox, J., Y. Fujita, D. Ngidang, N. Peluso, L. Potter, N. Sakuntaladewi, J. Sturgeon, and D. Thomas. 2009. Policies, political-economy, and swidden in Southeast Asia. Human Ecology 37:305-322.
18. Godoy, R., V. Reyes-García, E. Byron, W. Leonard, and V. Vadez. 2005. The effect of market economies on the well-being of indigenous peoples and on their use of natural resources. Annual Review of Anthropology 34:121-138.
19. Grant, R. M. 1996. Prospering in dynamicallycompetitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration. Organization Science 7:375-83.
20. Guest, G. 2002. Market integration and the distribution of ecological knowledge within an Ecuadorian fishing community. Journal of Ecological Anthropology 6:38-49.
21. Han, W. Y., F. J. Zhao, Y. Z. Shi, L. F. Ma, and J. Y. Ruan. 2006. Scale and causes of lead contamination in Chinese tea. Environmental Pollution 139:125-132.
22. Harlan, J. 1975. Our vanishing genetic resources. Science 188:618-621.
23. Hill, A. M. 1998. Merchants and migrants: ethnicity and trade among Yunnanese Chinese in Southeast Asia. Yale University Southeast Asia Studies Monograph 47, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
24. Huang, G. 2005. An overview of pu'er tea culture. Yunnan Min Zu Chu Ban She, Kunming, China.
25. Hunn, E. 1993. What is traditional ecological knowledge? Pages 13-15 in N. Williams and G. Baines, editors. Traditional environmental knowledge: wisdom for sustainable development. Center for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
26. Jarvis, D., C. Padoch, and H. Cooper. 2007. Managing biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
27. Jiang, J. 2003. Keji lingxian: quan shehui gouchu shipin anquan wang: wei yiri sancan jie you [Leading technology: the whole society constructs a food safety-net: for the resolving of worries three meals per day]. Renmin Ri Bao [The People's Daily, Science Weekly], Eighth Edition: 10 January 2003.
28. Kellert, S. R., and E. O. Wilson. 1993. The biophilia hypothesis. Island Press, Washington, D. C., USA.
29. Li, T. M. 2007. The will to improve: governmentality, development, and the practice of politics. Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
30. Li, X. W., and D. Walker. 1986. The plant geography of Yunnan Province, southwest China. Journal of Biogeography 13:367-397.
31. Long, C., Y. Li, and J. Wang. 1997. Traditional tea-garden systems in Xishuangbanna. Pages 70-76 in S. Pei and J. Xu, editors. Biodiversity in swidden agroecosystems in Xishuangbanna. Yunnan Education Press, Kunming, China.
32. Long, C., and J. Wang. 1996. Studies of traditional tea-gardens of Jinuo nationality, China. Pages 339-344 in S. K. Jain, editor. Ethnobiology in human welfare. Deep Publications, New Delhi, India.
33. Luo, J., C. Long, and Y. Zhou. 2001. Ecological environment and introduction experiment of several wild tea species from Yunnan. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research 19(1):79-86.
34. Menzies, N. 2008. Ancient forest tea: how globalization turned backward minorities into green marketing innovators. Social Life of Forests Conference 30-31 May 2008, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
35. Mertz, O., C. Padoch, J. Fox, R. A. Cramb, S. J. Leisz, N. T. Lam, and T. D. Vien. 2009. Swidden change in Southeast Asia: understanding causes and consequences. Human Ecology 37:259-264.
36. Ming, T. 1992. A revision of Camellia sect. Thea. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 14(2):115-132.
37. Ming, T., and W. Zhang. 1996. The evolution and distribution of genus Camellia. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 18:1-13.
38. Mitchell, R., and S. Nicholas. 2006. Knowledge creation in groups: the value of cognitive diversity, transactive memory, and open-mindedness norms. The Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management 4(1):67-74.
39. Nolan, J. M., and M. C. Robbins. 1999. Cultural conservation of medicinal plant use in the Ozarks. Human Organization 58:67-72.
40. Ostrom, E. 1999. Self-governance and forest resources. Center for International Forestry Research Occasional Paper 20:1-15.
41. Qin, F., and W. Chen. 2007. Lead and copper levels in tea samples marketed in Beijing, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology 79:247-250.
42. Reyes-Garcia, V. 2001. Indigenous people, ethnobotanical knowledge, and market economy: a case study of the Tsimane' Amerindians of lowland Bolivia. Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
43. Rigg, J. 2006. Land, farming, livelihoods, and poverty: rethinking the links in the rural south. World Development 34:180-202.
44. Rocha, J. 2005. Measuring traditional agroecological knowledge: an example from peasants in the Peruvian Andes. Field Methods 4:356-372.
45. Schendel, W. 2001. Geographies of knowing, geographies of ignorance: jumping scale in Southeast Asia. In P. Kratoska, R. Raben, and H. Nordholt, editors. Locating Southeast Asia: geographies of knowledge and politics of space. Singapore University Press, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
46. Scott, J. 2009. The art of not being governed: an anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
47. Soemarwoto, R. 2007. Kaepuhun rice landrace diversity, risk management and agricultural modernization. In R. Ellen, editor. Modern crisis and traditional strategies: local ecological knowledge in island Southeast Asia. Berghahn Books, New York, New York, USA.
48. Srithi, K., H. Balslev, P. Wangpakapattanawonga, P. Srisangac, and C. Trisonthi. 2009. Medicinal plant knowledge an its erosion among the Mien (Yao) in northern Thailand. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132:335-342.
49. Stepp, J. R., H. Castaneda, and S. Cervone. 2005. Mountains and biocultural diversity. Mountain Research and Development 25(3):223-27.
50. Sturgeon, J. 2005. Tea for trees: the impact of state policies on the Akha in Yunnan. Indigenous Affairs 2(5):36-42.
51. Sturgeon, J. 2007. Pathways of "indigenous knowledge" in Yunnan, China. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 32(1):129-139.
52. Toleno, R. 2006. A critical ecology of Akha tea cultivation in the Bulang Mountains of China: the case of Buljalpuxeevq. Thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
53. Turrill, W. 1926. Studies on the origins of cultivated plants. Nature 2967(118):392-393.
54. Wang, Z. 2005. Chaye chengpin hanyan chaobiao 35 bei: ducha shijian yangji Guizhou wuxing chanong [Lead content of tea leaf commodities exceeds standard by 35 times: the poison tea incident spreads disaster to Guizhou's innocent tea farmers]. Renmin Ri Bao [The People's Daily, View Point News] Fifth Edition: 10 June 2005.
55. Weller, S., and A. Romney. 1988. Systematic data collection. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, California, USA.
56. Xiao, P. G., and Z. Y. Li. 2002. Botanical classification of tea plants. Pages 17-34 in Y.S. Zhen. Tea: bioactivity and therapeutic potential. Medicinal and aromatic plants - industrial profiles. Taylor and Francis, London, UK.
57. Xu, J., J. Fox, L. Xing, N. Podger, S. Leisz, and A. Xihui. 1999. Effects of swidden cultivation, state policies, and customary institutions on land cover in a Hani village, Yunnan, China. Mountain Research and Development 19(2):123-132.
58. Xu, J., J. Fox, P. Zhang, Y. Fu, L. Yang, J. Qian, S. Leisz, and J.B. Vogler. 2005. Land-use and landcover change and farmer vulnerability in Xishuangbanna prefecture in southwestern China. Environmental Management 36(3):404-413.
59. Xu, J., L. Lebel, J. Sturgeon. 2009. Functional links between biodiversity, livelihoods, and culture in a Hani swidden landscape. Ecology and Society 14(2): 20. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art20/.
60. Xu, Z., J. Xu, X. Deng, J. Huang, E. Uchida, S. Rozelle. 2006. Grain for green versus grain: conflict between food security and conservation set-aside in China. World Development 34(1):130-148.
61. Yang, B. 2004. Horses, silver and cowries: Yunnan in global perspective. Journal of World History 15 (3):281-322.
62. Zarger, R. K., and J. R. Stepp. 2004. Persistence of botanical knowledge among Tzeltal Maya children. Current Anthropology 45:413-418.
63. Zent, S. 2001. Acculturation and ethnobotanical knowledge loss among the Pairoa of Venezuela: demonstration of a quantitative method for the empirical study of TEK change. Pages 190-211 in L. Maffi, editor. On biocultural diversity: linking language, knowledge, and the environment. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
64. Ziegler, A., J. Fox, and J. Xu. 2009. The rubber juggernaut. Science 324:1024-1025.