Bird use of rice fields in the Indian subcontinent

Waterbirds

Volumn 33, Issue SPEC.ISSUE.1, 2010, Pages 44-70

  Sundar, K S Gopi ^a,b   Subramanya, S ^c  

^a INTERNATIONAL CRANE FOUNDATION   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

bird assemblages; chemical pollution; foraging habitat; habitat; nesting habitat; restoration; rice intensification; rice pests

Indexed keywords

BIRD; BREEDING POPULATION; CARNIVORE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL SHELF; CULTIVATION; ENDANGERED SPECIES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HABITAT CONSERVATION; HABITAT RESTORATION; HABITAT TYPE; HARVESTING; LAND COVER; MORTALITY; PADDY FIELD; PEST SPECIES; RANGE EXPANSION; RICE; SPECIES CONSERVATION; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES OCCURRENCE;

AVES; ORYZA SATIVA;

EID: 78651490050     PISSN: 15244695     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1675/063.033.s104     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Agarwal, R., K. Venkataraman and P. Sarkar. 2004. POPs in South Asia. Status and environmental health impacts. Toxics Link. New Delhi, India.
2. Ali, S. 1949. Bird friends and foes of the cultivator. Indian Farming 10: 385-387.
3. Ali, S. and D. S. Ripley. 1989. Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Oxford University Press, Bombay, India.
4. Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., J. P. Edirisinghe, D. N. De Silva, C. V. S. Gunatilleke, K. B. Ranawana and S. Wijekoon. 2004. Biodiversity associated with an irrigated rice agro-ecosystem in Sri Lanka. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 1715-1753.
5. BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book. BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.
6. BirdLife International. 2007. The BirdLife Checklist of the Birds of the World with Conservation Status and Taxonomic Sources. Version 0. www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/downloads/BirdLife-Checklist-Version-0.xls, accessed 25 July 2008.
7. Boncompagni, E., A. Muhammad, R. Jabeen, E. Orvini, C. Gandini, C. Sanpera, X. Ruiz and M. Fasola. 2003. Egrets as monitors of trace-metal contamination in wetlands in Pakistan. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 45: 399-406.
8. Borad, C. K., A. Mukherjee and B. M. Parasharya. 2000. Conservation of the avian biodiversity in paddy (Oryza sativa) crop ecosystem. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 70: 378-381.
9. Borad, C. K., A. Mukherjee and B. M. Parasharya. 2001. Damage potential of Indian Sarus Crane in paddy crop agroecosystem in Kheda District, Gujarat, India. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 86: 211-215.
10. Borad, C. K., A. Mukherjee and B. M. Parasharya. 2006. Sarus crane conservation and management in India. Acta Zoologica Sinica 52 (Supplement Issue 2): 259.
11. Bostan, N., M. Ashraf, A. S. Mumtaz and I. Ahmad. 2007. Diagnosis of heavy metal contamination in agro-ecology of Gujranwala, Pakistan using Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) as bioindicator. Ecotoxicology 16: 247-251.
12. Brooks, J. E., E. Ahmad and I. Hussain. 1987. A newly-reported pest bird in Pakistan: The Crested Lark. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 19: 437-438.
13. Campos, F. and J. M. Lekuona. 2001. Are rice fields a suitable foraging habitat for Purple Herons during the breeding season? Waterbirds 24: 450-452.
14. Chang, T. T. 1976a. The rice cultures. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 275: 143-157.
15. Chang, T. T. 1976b. The origin, evolution, cultivation, dissemination, and diversification of Asian and African rices. Euphytica 25: 425-441.
16. Comín, F. A., J. A. Romero, O. Hernández and M. Menéndez. 2001. Restoration of wetlands from abandoned rice fields for nutrient removal, and biological community and landscape diversity. Restoration Ecology 9: 201-208.
17. Czech, H. A. and K. C. Parsons. 2002. Agricultural wetlands and waterbirds: A review. Waterbirds 25: 56-65.
18. Daniels, R. J. R., N. V. Joshi and M. Gadgil. 1990. Changes in the bird fauna of Uttara Kannada, India, in relation to changes in land use over the past century. Biological Conservation 52: 37-48.
19. Dharamkumarsinhji, K. S. 1978. The changing wildlife of Kathiawar. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 75: 632-650.
20. Dhindsa, M. S. and H. K. Saini. 1994. Agricultural ornithology: an Indian perspective. Journal of Bioscience 19: 391-402.
21. Dhindsa, M. S. and H. S. Toor. 1980. Extent of bird damage to rice nurseries in the Punjab and its control. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 50: 715-719.
22. Dhindsa, M. S. and H. S. Toor. 1990. Feeding ecology of three sympatric species of Indian weaverbirds in an intensely cultivated area. Pages 217-236 in Granivorous Birds in the Agricultural Landscape. Proceedings of General Meetings of the Working Group on Granivorous Birds (J. Pinowski and J. D. Summers- Smith, Eds.). INTECOL. PWN - Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa, Poland.
23. Dwivedi, R. S. 1994. Study of salinity and waterlogging in Uttar Pradesh (India) using remote sensing data. Land Degradation & Development 5: 191-199.
24. Elphick, C. S. and L. W. Oring. 1998. Winter management of Californian rice fields for waterbirds. Journal of Applied Ecology 35: 95-108.
25. Fasola, M. and X. Ruiz. 1996. The value of rice fields as substitutes for natural wetlands for waterbirds in the Mediterranean region. Colonial Waterbirds 19 (Special Publication 1): 122-128.
26. Frolking, S., J. B. Yeluripati and E. Douglas. 2006. New district-level maps of rice cropping in India: a foundation for scientific input into policy assessment. Field Crops Research 98: 164-177.
27. Gans, C. 1994. Frogs and paddy: problems of management. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 91: 3-36.
28. Gaston, A. J. 1984. Is habitat destruction in India and Pakistan beginning to affect the status of endemic passerine birds? Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 81: 636-641.
29. Gilary, J. K. 2006. Health status of water birds in the southern districts of Tamilnadu. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
30. Gill, F., M. Wright and D. Donsker. 2009. IOC World Bird Names (version 2.1). http://www.worldbirdnames.org/names.html, accessed 19 July 2009.
31. Gopal, B. and M. Chauhan. 2006. Biodiversity and its conservation in the Sundarban Mangrove ecosystem. Aquatic Science 68: 338-354.
32. Grimmett, R., C. Inskipp and T. Inskipp. 1998. Birds of the Indian Subcontinent. Christopher Helm, London, UK.
33. Grist, D. H. and R. J. A. W. Lever. 1969. Pests of Rice. Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., London and Harlow, UK.
34. Henry, G. M. 1998. A Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka. Third edition. Oxford University Press, Delhi, India.
35. Huggan, R. D. 1995. Co-evolution of rice and humans. GeoJournal 35.3: 262-265.
36. Husain, M. A. and H. R. Bhalla. 1939. Some birds of Lyallpur and their food. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 39: 831-842.
37. Inskipp, T., N. Lindsey and J. W. Duckworth. 1996. An Annotated Checklist of the Birds of the Oriental Region. Oriental Bird Club, Sandy, Bedforshire, UK.
38. Jeganathan, P., A. R. Rahmani and R. E. Green. 2005. Construction of Telugu-Ganga Canal in and around two protected areas in Cuddapah District, Andra Pradesh, India. Immediate threat to the world population of the critically endangered Jerdons Courser Rhinoptilus bitorquatus. Unpublished report, Bombay Natural History Society. Mumbai, India.
39. Johnsingh, A. J. T. and S. Murali. 1980. The ecology and behaviour of the Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) Linn. of Injar. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 75 (Supplement): 1069-1079.
40. Kaphalia, B. A., M. M. Husain, T. D. Seth, A. Kumar and C. R. K. Murti. 1981. Organochlorine pesticide residues in some Indian wild birds. Pesticides Monitoring Journal 15: 9-13.
41. Khush, G. S. 1997. Origin, dispersal, cultivation and variation of rice. Plant Molecular Biology 35: 25-34.
42. King, S., C. S. Elphick, D. Guadagnin, O. Taft and T. Amano. 2010. Effects of landscape features on waterbird use of rice fields. Waterbirds 33 (Special Publication 1): 151-159.
43. Kunisue, T., M. Watanabe, A. Subramanian, A. M. Titenko and S. Tanabe. 2003. Congener-specific patterns and toxic assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls in resident and migratory birds from southern India and Lake Baikal in Russia. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 45: 547-561.
44. Leff, B., N. Ramankutty and J. A. Foley. 2004. Geographic distribution of major crops across the world. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18: GB1009, doi:1010.1029/2003GB002108.
45. Luthin, C. S. 1987. Status of and conservation priorities for the worlds stork species. Colonial Waterbirds 10: 181-202.
46. Mason, C. W. and H. Maxwell-Lefroy. 1912. The food of birds in India. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India III: 1-371.
47. Mathew, D. N., T. C. Narendran and V. J. Zacharias. 1980. A comparative study of the feeding habits of certain species of Indian birds affecting agriculture. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 75 (Supplement): 1178-1197.
48. McDonald, A. J., P. R. Hobbs and S. J. Riha. 2006. Does the system of rice intensification outperform conventional best management? A synopsis of the empirical record. Field Crops Research 96: 31-36.
49. Mishra, A., S. D. Sharma and G. H. Khan. 2002. Rehabilitation of degraded sodic lands during a decade of Dalbergia sissoo plantation in Sultanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Land Degradation & Development 13: 375-386.
50. Mukherjee, A. 1999. Ecological study on the Indian Sarus Crane Grus antigone antigone in the central Gujarat. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
51. Mukherjee, A. 2006. The effect of irrigated agriculture on bird populations on the Mahi Right Bank Canal system, India. Acta Zoologica Sinica 52 (Supplement Issue 2): 561-563.
52. Mukherjee, A., C. K. Borad and B. M. Parasharya. 2006. Asynchronous cropping and population explosion of granivorous birds in western India. Acta Zoologica Sinica 52 (Supplement Issue 2): 135.
53. Muralidharan, S. 1993. Aldrin poisoning of Sarus Cranes (Grus antigone) and a few granivorous birds in Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, India. Ecotoxicology 2: 196-202.
54. Muralidharan, S. 2000. Organochlorine residues in the waters of Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, Rajasthan. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 65: 35-41.
55. Narang, M. L., A. K. Tyagi and B. S. Lamba. 1980. A contribution to the ecology of Indian Pied Myna, Sturnus contra contra Linnaeus. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 75 (Supplement): 1157-1177.
56. Nathan, S. P. F. and B. Rajendran. 1982. Bird fauna of the rice crop ecosystem in Pondicherry region. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 79: 204-206.
57. Nidumolu, U. B., C. A. J. M. De Bie, H. van Keulen and A. K. Skidmore. 2004. Enhancement of area-specific land-use objectives for land development. Land Degradation & Development 15: 513-525.
58. Pain, D. J., R. Gargi, A. A. Cunningham, A. Jones and V. Prakash. 2004. Mortality of globally threatened Sarus Cranes Grus antigon from monocrotophos poisoning in India. Science of the Total Environment 326: 55-61.
59. Pal, M. S. 2003. Alternative crop production strategies for rice-wheat cropping systems in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43: 605-615.
60. Parasharya, B. M., J. F. Dodia, D. N. Yadav and R. C. Patel. 1986. Sarus Crane damage to paddy crop. Pavo 24 (1 & 2): 87-90.
61. Parasharya, B. M., C. K. Borad and A. R. Mukherjee. 2006. Factors associated with population explosion of granivorous birds in the agricultural landscape of Indian subcontinent. Acta Zoologica Sinica 52 (Supplement Issue 2): 96.
62. Parsons, K. C., P. Mineau and R. B. Renfrew. 2010. Effects of pesticide use in rice fields on birds. Waterbirds 33 (Special Publication 1): 193-218.
63. Patel, J. R., D. N. Yadav, K. L. Mathew and B. M. Parasharya. 1992. The food of nestling Brahminy Myna Sturnus pagodarum (Gmelin). Pavo 30: 109-117.
64. Perennou, C. 1990. Peuplements doiseaux aquatiques en milieu anthropisé: un exemple. Les plaines de la cote de Coromandel (Inde du Sud - Est). Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Lyon-I University and French Institute, France and India.
65. Perennou, C. and V. Santharam. 1991. An ornithological survey of some wetlands in south-east India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 87: 354-363.
66. Perennou, C., R. V. Lansdown and J. A. Hancock. 2000. Herons in south and west Asia. Pages 55-72 in Heron Conservation (J. A. Kushlan and H. Hafner, Eds.). Academic Press, New York, New York.
67. Pierluissi, S. 2010. Breeding waterbirds in rice fields: A global review. Waterbirds 33 (Special Publication 1): 123-132.
68. Prasad, C. S. 2006. System of rice intensification in India. Innovation history and institutional challenges. WWF-International ICRISAT Dialogue Project and Xavier Institute of Management. Andhra Pradesh, India. http://www. crispindia.org/docs/SRI%20in %20India%20innovation%20and%20institutions.pdf, accessed 22 March 2008.
69. Rahmani, A. R. and R. G. Soni. 1997. Avifaunal changes in the Indian Thar Desert. Journal of Arid Environments 36: 687-703.
70. Rahmani, A. R., G. Narayan and L. Rosalind. 1990. Status of the Greater Adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius) in the Indian subcontinent. Colonial Waterbirds 13: 139-142.
71. Raman, T. R. S. 2001. Effect of slash-and-burn shifting cultivation on rainforest birds in Mizoram, northeast India. Conservation Biology 15: 685-698.
72. Ramankutty, N. and J. A. Foley. 1999. Estimating historical changes in global land cover: cropland from 1700 to 1992. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 13: 997-1027. (Pubitemid 34004342)
73. Ramankutty, N., J. A. Foley and N. J. Olejniczak. 2002. People on the land: changes in population and global croplands during the 20th century. Ambio 31: 251-257.
74. Ramesh, A., S. Tanabe, K. Kannan, A. N. Subramaniam, P. L. Kumaran and R. Tatsukawa. 1992. Characteristic trend of persistent organochlorine contamination in wildlife from a tropical agricultural watershed, south India. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 23: 26-36.
75. Rao, A. S. 2003. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from Kolleru wetland in India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 70: 964-971.
76. Richardson, A. J. and I. R. Taylor. 2003. Are rice fields in southeastern Australia an adequate substitute for natural wetlands as foraging areas for egrets? Waterbirds 26: 353-363.
77. Roberts, T. J. 1991. The Birds of Pakistan. Volume 1. Regional Studies and Non-Passeriformes. Oxford University Press, Karachi, Pakistan.
78. Roberts, T. J. 1992. The Birds of Pakistan. Volume 2. Passeriformes: Pitta to Buntings. Oxford University Press, Karachi, Pakistan.
79. Sahrawat, K. L. 2006. Freshwater shortages and strategy for wetland rice cultivation. Current Science 90: 1457-1458.
80. Sanghi, R. and K. S. Sasi. 2001. Pesticides and heavy metals in agricultural soil of Kanpur, India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 67: 446-454.
81. Sankaran, R. and L. Vijayan. 1993. The avifauna of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands: A review and the current scenario. Pages 255-274 in Proceedings of Bird Conservation Strategies for the Nineties and Beyond (A. Verghese, S. Sridhar and A. K. Chakraborty, Eds.). Ornithological Society of India, Bangalore, India.
82. Sanpera, C., X. Ruiz, L. Jover, G. Lorente, R. Jabeen, A. Muhammad, E. Boncompagni and M. Fasola. 2003. Persistent organic pollutants in Little Egret eggs from selected wetlands in Pakistan. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 44: 360-368.
83. Saxena, A., V. Prasad, I. B. Singh, M. S. Chauhan and R. Hasan. 2006. On the Holocene record of phytoliths of wild and cultivated rice from Ganga Plain: evidence for rice-based agriculture. Current Science 90: 1547-1552.
84. Scott, D. A. 1989. A Directory of Asian Wetlands. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK.
85. Sebastian, P. A., M. J. Mathew, S. P. Beevi, J. Joseph and C. R. Biju. 2005. The spider fauna of the irrigated rice ecosystem in central Kerala, India. The Journal of Arachnology 33: 247-255.
86. Seedikkoya, K., P. A. Azeez and E. A. A. Shukkur. 2005. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis habitat use and association with cattle. Forktail 21: 174-176.
87. Sharma, S. 2006. Population status and distribution of Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus) in far-western lowland Nepal. Tigerpaper 33: 9-11.
88. Sharma, G. R. and D. Manda. 1980. Excavations at Mahagara 1977-1978. A Neolithic settlement in Belan Valley. Archeology of the Vindhyas and Ganga Valley, 6. Department of Ancient History, Culture and Archeology. Allahabad, India.
89. Shyama, S. K. 1997. Studies on the avian pests of rice (Oryza sativa) in Goa. Pavo 35: 129-133.
90. Singh, B. 1989. Rehabilitation of alkaline wasteland on the Gangetic alluvial plains of Uttar Pradesh, India, through afforestation. Land Degradation & Development 1: 305-310.
91. Singh, K. P., A. Malik, D. Mohan and S. Sinha. 2005. Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in alluvial groundwater aquifers of Gangetic plains, India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 74: 162-169.
92. Sinha, S. K. and J. Talati. 2007. Productivity impacts of the system of rice intensification (SRI): a case study in West Bengal, India. Agricultural Water Management 87: 55-60.
93. Sridhara, S., M. V. V. Subramanyam and R. V. Krishnamoorthy. 1984. Bird foraging and its economic effect in the paddy fields of Bangalore (India). In Proceedings of 11th International Bird Control Seminar, USA.
94. Srinivasulu, B., C. Srinivasulu, V. V. Rao, C. Koteshwarulu and V. Nagulu. 1997. Avian use of paddy agro-ecosystem. Pavo 35: 75-84.
95. Subramanya, S. 1991. Studies on birds of rice fields with special reference to certain pest species. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.
96. Subramanya, S. 1994. Non-random foraging in certain bird pests of field crops. Journal of Bioscience 19: 369-380.
97. Subramanya, S. 1996. Distribution, status and conservation of Indian heronries. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 93: 459-486.
98. Subramanya, S. 2005. Heronries of Tamil Nadu. Indian Birds 1: 126-140.
99. Subramanya, S. and G. K. Veeresh. 1998a. Avifaunal patterns in the rice fields of Bangalore. Pages 30-53 in Birds in Agricultural Ecosystem (M. S. Dhindsa, P. S. Rao and B. M. Parasharya, Eds.). Society for Applied Ornithology, Hyderabad, India.
100. Subramanya, S. and G. K. Veeresh. 1998b. Nesting of two insectivorous birds in the rice fields of Bangalore. Pages 10-17 in Birds in Agricultural Ecosystem (M. S. Dhindsa, P. S. Rao and B. K. Parasharya, Eds.). Society for Applied Ornithology, Hyderabad, India.
101. Sundar, K. S. G. 2001. Where the Sarus duet. Sanctuary Asia 21: 62-67.
102. Sundar, K. S. G. 2003. Notes on breeding biology of Black-necked Storks Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus in Etawah and Mainpuri districts, Uttar Pradesh, India. Forktail 19: 15-20.
103. Sundar, K. S. G. 2004a. Group size and habitat use by Black-necked Storks Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus in an agriculture-dominated landscape in Uttar Pradesh, India. Bird Conservation International 14: 323-334.
104. Sundar, K. S. G. 2004b. Abundance and seasonality of Indian Pond Herons Ardeola grayii with red legs in Uttar Pradesh, India. Forktail 20: 131-132.
105. Sundar, K. S. G. 2005. Effectiveness of road transects and wetland visits for surveying Black-necked Storks Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus and Sarus Cranes Grus antigone in India. Forktail 21: 27-32.
106. Sundar, K. S. G. 2006. Flock size, density and habitat selection of four large waterbirds species in an agricultural landscape in Uttar Pradesh, India: implications for management. Waterbirds 29: 365-374.
107. Sundar, K. S. G. 2009. Are rice paddies sub-optimal breeding habitats for Sarus Cranes in Uttar Pradesh, India? Condor 111: 611-623.
108. Sundar, K. S. G. and B. C. Choudhury. 2003. The Indian Sarus Crane Grus a. antigone: A literature review. Journal of Ecological Society (India) 16: 16-41.
109. Sundar, K. S. G. and B. C. Choudhury. 2006. Conservation of the Sarus Crane Grus antigone in Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 103: 182-190.
110. Sundar, K. S. G., J. Kaur and B. C. Choudhury. 2000. Distribution, demography and conservation status of the Indian Sarus Crane (Grus antigone antigone) in India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 97: 319-339.
111. Tanabe, S., K. Senthilkumar, K. Kannan and A. N. Subramaniam. 1998. Accumulated features of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in resident and migratory birds from south India. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 34: 387-397.
112. Tere, A. and B. M. Parasharya. 2005. Greater Flamingo inhabiting paddy fields. Flamingo 2 (5 & 6): 3-4.
113. Thirumurthi, S., B. Rajendran and D. Krishnadoss. 1981. Insectivorous birds associated with the rice ecosystem at Madurai. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 71: 603-605.
114. Tomar, I. S. and O. P. Singh. 1980. Note on the contribution of the Indian Ring Dove in the control of winter weeds of major crops in Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 50: 728-729.
115. Tourenq, C., R. E. Bennets, H. Kowalkski, E. Vialet, J.-L. Lucchesi, Y. Kayser and P. Isenmann. 2001. Are ricefields a good alternative to natural marshes for waterbird communities in the Camargue, southern France? Biological Conservation 100: 335-343.
116. United Nations Population Division. 1999. World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. http://esa.un.org/unpp/, accessed 19 July 2009.
117. Vyas, R. 1999. Breeding success and chick mortality in Sarus Crane. Newsletter for Birdwatchers 39 (1) Jan/Feb: 5-7.
118. Vyas, R. 2002. Habitat utilization by Sarus Crane Grus antigone and the importance of man-made wetlands in its conservation. Pages 35-40 in Birds of Wetlands and Grasslands: Proceedings of the Sálim Ali Centenary Seminar on Conservation of Avifauna of Wetlands and Grasslands (A. R. Rahmani and G. Ugra, Eds.). Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, India.
119. Wood, C., Y. Qiao, P. Li, P. Ding, B. Lu and Y. Xi. 2010. Implications of rice agriculture for wild birds in China. Waterbirds 33 (Special Publication 1): 30-43.
120. Yano, K. 1978. Faunal and biological studies on the insects of paddy fields in Asia. Part I. Introduction and Sciomyzidae from Asia (Diptera). Esakia 11: 1-27.