Costs, CO2 emissions, and energy balances of applying nordic slash recovery methods in British Columbia

Western Journal of Applied Forestry

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 30-36

  Lindroos, Ola ^a,b   Nilsson, Björn ^c   Sowlati, Araneh ^d  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^b INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS   (Austria)

^c Bjenergy Forest Consulting   (Sweden)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bioenergy; Biomass; Composite residue logs (CRL); Logging residues; Supply chain

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; ENERGY BALANCE; FUEL SYSTEMS; SUPPLY CHAINS;

BIO-ENERGY; BRITISH COLUMBIA; BRITISH COLUMBIA , CANADA; LOGGING RESIDUES; POTENTIAL SYSTEMS; RECOVERY METHODS; STRONG DEPENDENCES; TRANSPORTATION DISTANCE;

BIOMASS;

SUIDAE;

EID: 78651433168     PISSN: 08856095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/wjaf/26.1.30     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. AGUILAR, F., AND H.E. GARRETT. 2009. Perspectives of woody biomass for energy: Survey of state foresters, state energy biomass contracts, and National Council of Forestry executives. J. For. 107(6):297-306.
2. ANDERSSON, G., A. ASIKAINEN, R. BJÖRHEDEN, P.W. HALL, J.B. HUDSON, R. JIRJIS, D.J. MEAD, J. NURMI AND G.F. WEETMAN. 2002. Production of forest energy. P. 49 -124 in Bioenergy from sustainable forestry: Guiding principles and practice, Richardsson, J., R. Björheden, P. Hakkila, A. Lowe, and C. Smith (eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
3. BANK OF CANADA. 2008. Consumer price index calculator. Available online at www.bank-banque-canada.ca/en/rates/inflation-calc.html; last accessed Oct. 1, 2010.
4. BC MINISTRY OF ENERGY, MINES, AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES (EMPR). 2007. The BC energy plan: A vision for clean energy leadership. Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Victoria, BC, Canada. 44 p.
5. CONTINENTAL BIOMASS INDUSTRIES. 2008. Continental Biomass Industries, Inc., home page. Available online at www.cbi-inc.com; last accessed July 2, 2010.
6. EDMAN, T. 2009. Bundling of logging residue by a truck mounted bundler. Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Report 251. (In Swedish with English summary.) 46 p.
7. ENGBLOM, G. 2007. A system analysis of wood fuel transports. Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish Universityof Agricultural Sciences. Report 175. (In Swedish with English summary.) 35 p.
8. ERIKSSON, P. 2008. A study ofcrushing logging residues andfuel wood. School for Forest Engineers, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Bachelor thesis 7. (In Swedish with English summary.) 18 p.
9. 2, and primary energy balances of forest-fuel recovery systems at different forest productivity. Biomass Bioenerg. 34(5):610-619.
10. GALIK, C.S., R. ABT, AND Y. WU. 2009. Forest biomass supply in the Southeastern United States: Implications for industrial roundwood and bioenergy production. J. For. 107(2):69-77.
11. GAN, J., AND C.T. SMITH. 2006. Availability of logging residues and potential for electricity production and carbon displacement in the USA. Biomass Bioenerg. 30(12):1011-1020.
12. HAKKILA, P. AND M. PARIKKA. 2002. Fuel resources from the forest. P. 19-48 in Bioenergy from sustainable forestry: Guiding principles and practice, Richardsson, J., R. Bjorheden, P. Hakkila, A. Lowe, and C. Smith (eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
13. JIRJIS, R., AND B. NORDEN. 2005. Fuel quality and working environment during storage and handling of composite residue logs. Report No 7. Department of Bioenergy, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. 40 p.
14. JOHANSSON, J., J.E. LISS, T. GULLBERG, AND R. BJORHEDEN. 2006. Transport and handling of forest energy bundles-advantages and problem. Biomass Bioenerg. 30(4):334-341.
15. JONES, G., D. LOEFFLER, D. CALKIN, AND W. CHUNG. 2010. Forest treatment residues for thermal energy compared with disposal by onsite burning: Emissions and energy return. Biomass Bioenerg. 34(5):737-746.
16. JUNGINGER, M., A. FAAIJ, R. BJORHEDEN, AND W.C TURKENBURG. 2005. Technological learning and cost reductions in wood fuel supply chains in Sweden. Biomass Bioenerg. 29(6):399-418.
17. KOCH, P., AND D.W. MCKENZIE. 1976. Machine to harvest slash, brush and thinnings for fuel and fibre: A concept.J. For. 74(12):809-812.
18. KUMAR, A., J.B. CAMERON, P.C. FLYNN. 2003. Biomass power cost and optimum plant size in western Canada. Biomass Bioenerg. 24(6):445-464.
19. KUMAR, A., P. FLYNN, AND S. SOKHANSANJ. 2008. Biopower generation from mountain pine infested wood in Canada: An economical opportunity for greenhouse gas mitigation. Renew. Energ. 33(6):1354-1363.
20. LINDROOS, O., M. MATISONS, P. JOHANSSON, AND T. NORDFJELL. 2010. Productivity of a prototype truck-mounted logging residue bundler and a road-side bundling system. Silva Fenn. 44(3):547-559.
21. MACDONALD, J. 2006. Estimated costs for harvesting, comminuting, and transporting beetle-killed pine in the Quesnel/Nazko area of central British Columbia. Forest Research Institute of Canada, Advantage Report. Vol. 7, No 16. 46 p.
22. MAHMOUDI, M., T. SOWLATI, AND S. SOKHANSANJ. 2009. Logistics of supplying biomass from a mountain pine beetle-infested forest to a power plant in British Columbia. Scand.J. For. Res. 24(1):76-86.
23. NASLUND, M. 2006. Vagtransport av lös och buntad grot. [Road transport of loose and bundled logging residues.] Mid-term report of the project Samverkan for utveckling och foradling av regionens outnyttjade skogsresurser. Energidalen i SollefteåAB, Sollefteå, Sweden. (In Swedish.) 23 p.
24. 2-emissions and energy balance for applying Nordic methods of forest biomass utilization in British Columbia. Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Report 249. 49 p.
25. NURMI, J. 1999. The storage of logging residue for fuel. Biomass Bioenerg. 17(1):41-47.
26. PETTERSSON, M., AND T. NORDFJELL. 2007. Fuel quality changes during seasonal storage of compacted logging residues and young trees. Biomass Bioenerg. 31(11-12):782-792.
27. RALEVIC, P., AND D. LAYZELL. 2006. An inventory of the bioenergy potential of British Columbia. Available online at www.biocap.ca/images/pdfs/BC- Inventory-Final-06Nov15.pdf; last accessed July 22, 2010. 8 p.
28. RANTA, T., AND S. RINNE. 2006. The profitability of transporting uncomminuted raw materials in Finland. Biomass Bioenerg. 30(3):231-237.
29. SPINELLI, R., AND N. MAGAGNOTTI. 2009. Logging residue bundling at the roadside in mountain operations. Scand.J. For. Res. 24(2):173-181.
30. STAMPFER, K. AND C. KANZIAN. 2006. Current state and development possibilities of wood chip supply chains in Austria. Croat. J. For. Eng. 27(2):135-145.-calculator; last accessed April 24, 2010-calculator; last accessed April 24, 2010.
31. US ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION. 2010. Energy units and calculations explained: Energy conversion calculators. Available online at tonto.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page = about-energy
32. US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. 2005. Average carbon dioxide emissions resultingfrom gasoline and dieselfuel. Emission facts, EPA420-F-05-001. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. 3 p.
33. VERKERK, B., M. JUNGINGER, A. FAAIJ, E. ACKOM, AND P. MCFARLANE. 2008. Current and future trade opportunities for wood biomass end-products, from British Columbia, Canada. Tech. Rep. NEI-SE-672. Swedish Bioenergy Association, Stockholm, Sweden.