NARR's atmospheric water cycle components. Part II: Summertime mean and diurnal interactions

Journal of Hydrometeorology

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1220-1233

  Ruane, Alex C ^a  

^a NASA GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR SPACE STUDIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Diurnal effects; North America; Precipitation; Summer warm season; Water budget cycle

Indexed keywords

CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; COVARIANCE ANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION; DIURNAL VARIATION; EVAPORATION; MODELING; PRECIPITABLE WATER; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RAINFALL; SEASONAL VARIATION; SUMMER; WATER BUDGET;

MIDWEST; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 78651423847     PISSN: 1525755X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2010JHM1279.1     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Anderson, B., A. C. Ruane, J. O. Roads, and M. Kanamitsu, 2009: Estimating the influence of evaporation and moisture-flux convergence upon seasonal precipitation rates. Part II: An analysis for North America based upon the NCEP-DOE Reanalysis II model. J. Hydrometeor., 10, 893-911.
2. Becker, E. J., and E. H. Berbery, 2008: The diurnal cycle of precipitation over the North American monsoon region during the NAME 2004 field campaign. J. Climate, 21, 771-787.
3. Becker, E. J., and R. W. Higgins, 2009: Understanding the characteristics of daily precipitation over the United States using the North American Regional Reanlaysis. J. Climate, 22, 6268-6286.
4. Black, T. L., 1994: The new NMC mesoscale Eta Model: Description and forecast samples. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 265-278.
5. Bukovsky, M. S., and D. J. Karoly, 2007: A brief evaluation of precipitation from the North American Regional Reanalysis. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 837-846.
6. Carbone, R. E., J. D. Tuttle, D. A. Ahijevych, and S. B. Trier, 2002: Inferences of predictability associated with warm season precipitation episodes. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2033-2056.
7. Changnon, S. A., 2001: Thunderstorm rainfall in the conterminous United States. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 1925-1940.
8. Dai, A., 2001: Global precipitation and thunderstorm frequencies. Part II: Diurnal variations. J. Climate, 14, 1112-1128.
9. Dai, A., and K. E. Trenberth, 2004: The diurnal cycle and its depiction in the Community Climate System Model. J. Climate, 17, 930-951.
10. Dai, A., F. Giorgi, and K. E. Trenberth, 1999: Observed and modelsimulated diurnal cycles of precipitation over the contiguous United States. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6377-6402.
11. Dai, A., X. Lin, and K. Hsu, 2007: The frequency, intensity, and diurnal cycle of precipitation in surface and satellite observations over low-and mid-latitudes. Climate Dyn., 29, 727-744, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0260-y.
12. Dirmeyer, P. A., and K. L. Brubaker, 2007: Characterization of the global hydrologic cycle from a back-trajectory analysis of atmospheric water vapor. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 20-37.
13. Ek,M.B., K.E.Mitchell,Y.Lin,E.Rogers, P.Grunmann,V.Koren, G. Gayno, and J. D. Tarpley, 2003: Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta Model. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8851, doi:10.1029/2002JD003296.
14. Fritsch, J. M., R. J. Kane, and C. R. Chelius, 1986: The contribution of mesoscale convective weather systems to the warm-season precipitation in the United States. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 1333-1345.
15. Higgins, R. W., Y. Yao, E. S. Yarosh, J. E. Janowiak, and K. C. Mo, 1997: Influence of the Great Plains low-level jet on summertime precipitation and moisture transport over the central United States. J. Climate, 10, 481-507.
16. Higgins, R. W., W. Shi, E. Yarosh, and R. Joyce, 2000: Improved U.S. precipitation quality control system and analysis. NCEP/Climate Prediction Center Atlas, NOAA/NWS Atlas 7, 40 pp.
17. Hsu, K., X. Gao, S. Sorooshian, and H. V. Gupta, 1997: Precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 1176-1190.
18. Janjić, Z. I., 1994: The step-mountain Eta coordinate model-Further developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 927-945.
19. Joyce, R. J., J. E. Janowiak, P. A. Arkin, and P. Xie, 2004: CMORPH: A method that produces global precipitation estimates from passive microwave and infrared data at high spatial and temporal resolution. J. Hydrometeor., 5, 487-503.
20. Kanamaru, H., and M. Kanamitsu, 2007: Fifty-seven-year California Reanalysis Downscaling at 10 km (CaRD10). Part II: Comparison with North American Regional Reanalysis. J. Climate, 20, 5572-5592.
21. Kanamitsu, M., W. Ebisuzaki, J. Woollen, S.-K. Yang, J. Hnilo, M. Fiorino, and J. Potter, 2002: NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1631-1643.
22. Laing, A. G., and J. M. Fritsch, 2000: The large-scale environments of the global populations of mesoscale convective complexes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2756-2776.
23. Lin,Y.,K. E.Mitchell, E. Rogers,M. E. Baldwin, andG. I.DiMego, 1999: Test assimilations of the real-time, multi-sensor hourly precipitation analysis into the NCEP Eta model. Preprints, Eighth Conf. on Mesoscale Meteorology, Boulder, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 314-344.
24. Mearns, L. O., W. Gutowski, R. Jones, R. Leung, S. McGinnis, A. Nunes, and Y. Qian, 2009: A regional climate change assessment program for North America. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 90, 311.
25. Mesinger, F., and Coauthors, 2006: North American Regional Reanalysis. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 343-360.
26. Mo, K. C., M. Chelliah, M. L. Carrera, R. W. Higgins, and W. Ebisuzaki, 2005: Atmospheric moisture transport over the United States and Mexico as evaluated in the NCEP Regional Reanalysis. J. Hydrometeor., 6, 710-728.
27. Nakamura, K., 2004: Diurnal variation of precipitation measured by the TRMM TMI. GEWEX Newsletter, Vol. 14, No. 2, International GEWEX Project Office, Silver Spring, MD, p. 4. [Available online at http://www.gewex.org/May2004.pdf.]
28. Nigam, S., and A. Ruiz-Barradas, 2006: Seasonal hydroclimate variability over North America in global and regional reanalyses and AMIP simulations: Varied representation. J. Climate, 19, 815-837.
29. Pan, H.-L., and L. Mahrt, 1987: Interaction between soil hydrology and boundary layer developments. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 38, 185-202.
30. Pan, H.-L., and W.-S. Wu, 1995: Implementing a mass flux convection parameterization package for the NMC Medium-Range Forecast Model. NMC Office Note 409, 40 pp. [Available from NCEP/EMC 5200 Auth Rd., Camp Springs, MD 20746.]
31. Rogers, E., M. Ek, Y. Lin, K. Mitchell, D. Parrish, and G. DiMego, cited 2009: Changes to the NCEP Meso Eta analysis and forecast system: Assimilation of observed precipitation, upgrades to land-surface physics, modified 3DVAR analysis. NOAA/NCEP/EMC. [Available online at www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/mmbpll/spring2001/tpb.]
32. Ruane, A. C., 2010: NARR's atmospheric water cycle components. Part I: 20-year mean and annual interactions. J. Hydrometeor., 11, 1205-1219.
33. Ruane, A. C., and J. O. Roads, 2007a: The diurnal cycle of water and energy over the continental United States from three reanalyses. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 85A, 117-143.
34. Ruane, A. C., and J. O. Roads, 2007b: 6-hour to 1-year variance of five global precipitation sets. Earth Interactions, 11. [Available online at http://EarthInteractions.org.]
35. Ruane, A. C., and J. O. Roads, 2008: Dominant balances and exchanges of the atmospheric water cycle in the Reanalysis 2 at diurnal, annual, and intraseasonal time scales. J. Climate, 21, 3951-3966.
36. Schubert, S., and Y. Chang, 1996: An objective method for inferring sources of model error. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 325-340.
37. Shafran, P., J.Woollen,W. Ebisuzaki,W. Shi, Y. Fan, R.Grumbine, andM. Fennessy, 2004:Observational data used for assimilation in the NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis. Preprints, 14th Conf. on Applied Climatology, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1.4. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/71689.pdf.]
38. Trenberth, K. E., A. Dai, R. M. Rasmussen, and D. B. Parsons, 2003: The changing character of precipitation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 1205-1217.
39. Tuttle, J. D., and C. A. Davis, 2006: Corridors of warm season precipitation in the central United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2297-2317.
40. Wallace, J. M., 1975: Diurnal variations in precipitation and thunderstorm frequency over the conterminous United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 406-419.
41. Wang, S.-Y., and T.-C. Chen, 2009: The late-spring maximum of rainfall over the U.S. central plains and the role of the low-level jet. J. Climate, 22, 4696-4709.
42. Weisman, M. L., and R. Rotunno, 2004: "A Theory for Strong Long-Lived Squall Lines" revisited. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 361- 382.
43. West, G. L., W. J. Steenburgh, and W. Y. Y. Cheng, 2007: Spurious grid-scale precipitation in the North American Regional Reanalysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 2168-2184.
44. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, 1997: Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2539-2558.