메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 69-108

The evolution of stock market efficiency over time: A survey of the empirical literature

Author keywords

Adaptive markets hypothesis (AMH); Efficient markets hypothesis (EMH); Evolving return predictability; Stock markets; Weak form EMH

Indexed keywords

ECONOMETRICS; EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT; EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; NUMERICAL MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTION; STOCK MARKET;

EID: 78651415603     PISSN: 09500804     EISSN: 14676419     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6419.2009.00611.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (285)

References (321)
  • 1
    • 0001096654 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear dynamics in real-time equity market indices: evidence from the United Kingdom
    • Abhyankar, A., Copeland, L.S. and Wong, W.K. (1995) Nonlinear dynamics in real-time equity market indices: evidence from the United Kingdom. Economic Journal 105: 864-880.
    • (1995) Economic Journal , vol.105 , pp. 864-880
    • Abhyankar, A.1    Copeland, L.S.2    Wong, W.K.3
  • 2
    • 0002503853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncovering nonlinear structure in real-time stock-market indexes: the S&P 500, the DAX, the Nikkei 225, and the FTSE-100
    • Abhyankar, A., Copeland, L.S. and Wong, W.K. (1997) Uncovering nonlinear structure in real-time stock-market indexes: the S&P 500, the DAX, the Nikkei 225, and the FTSE-100. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 15: 1-14.
    • (1997) Journal of Business and Economic Statistics , vol.15 , pp. 1-14
    • Abhyankar, A.1    Copeland, L.S.2    Wong, W.K.3
  • 5
    • 38049069744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of price tests on trader behavior and market quality: an analysis of Reg SHO
    • Alexander, G.J. and Peterson, M.A. (2008) The effect of price tests on trader behavior and market quality: an analysis of Reg SHO. Journal of Financial Markets 11: 84-111.
    • (2008) Journal of Financial Markets , vol.11 , pp. 84-111
    • Alexander, G.J.1    Peterson, M.A.2
  • 6
    • 50649100330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new variance ratio test of random walk in emerging markets: a revisit
    • Al-Khazali, O.M., Ding, D.K. and Pyun, C.S. (2007) A new variance ratio test of random walk in emerging markets: a revisit. Financial Review 42: 303-317.
    • (2007) Financial Review , vol.42 , pp. 303-317
    • Al-Khazali, O.M.1    Ding, D.K.2    Pyun, C.S.3
  • 8
    • 84977709851 scopus 로고
    • Trading mechanisms and stock returns: an empirical investigation
    • Amihud, Y. and Mendelson, H. (1987) Trading mechanisms and stock returns: an empirical investigation. Journal of Finance 42: 533-553.
    • (1987) Journal of Finance , vol.42 , pp. 533-553
    • Amihud, Y.1    Mendelson, H.2
  • 9
    • 0037375021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cross-sectional and cross-temporal universality of nonlinear serial dependencies: evidence from world stock indices and the Taiwan Stock Exchange
    • Ammermann, P.A. and Patterson, D.M. (2003) The cross-sectional and cross-temporal universality of nonlinear serial dependencies: evidence from world stock indices and the Taiwan Stock Exchange. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 11: 175-195.
    • (2003) Pacific-Basin Finance Journal , vol.11 , pp. 175-195
    • Ammermann, P.A.1    Patterson, D.M.2
  • 10
    • 77950803944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric retrospection and monitoring of predictability of financial returns
    • Anatolyev, S. (2009) Nonparametric retrospection and monitoring of predictability of financial returns. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 27: 149-160.
    • (2009) Journal of Business and Economic Statistics , vol.27 , pp. 149-160
    • Anatolyev, S.1
  • 12
    • 0035004830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On modelling speculative prices: the empirical literature
    • Andreou, E., Pittis, N. and Spanos, A. (2001) On modelling speculative prices: the empirical literature. Journal of Economic Surveys 15: 187-220.
    • (2001) Journal of Economic Surveys , vol.15 , pp. 187-220
    • Andreou, E.1    Pittis, N.2    Spanos, A.3
  • 13
    • 0009086382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market efficiency, thin trading and non-linear behaviour: evidence from an emerging market
    • Antoniou, A., Ergul, N. and Holmes, P. (1997) Market efficiency, thin trading and non-linear behaviour: evidence from an emerging market. European Financial Management 3: 175-190.
    • (1997) European Financial Management , vol.3 , pp. 175-190
    • Antoniou, A.1    Ergul, N.2    Holmes, P.3
  • 14
    • 33746335312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the effectiveness of state-switching time series models for U.S. real output
    • Ashley, R.A. and Patterson, D.M. (2006) Evaluating the effectiveness of state-switching time series models for U.S. real output. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 24: 266-277.
    • (2006) Journal of Business and Economic Statistics , vol.24 , pp. 266-277
    • Ashley, R.A.1    Patterson, D.M.2
  • 15
    • 84986860173 scopus 로고
    • A diagnostic test for nonlinear serial dependence in time series fitting errors
    • Ashley, R.A., Patterson, D.M. and Hinich, M.J. (1986) A diagnostic test for nonlinear serial dependence in time series fitting errors. Journal of Time Series Analysis 7: 165-178.
    • (1986) Journal of Time Series Analysis , vol.7 , pp. 165-178
    • Ashley, R.A.1    Patterson, D.M.2    Hinich, M.J.3
  • 16
    • 33748135098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence and mean reversion in stock prices: the case of the MENA region
    • Assaf, A. (2006) Dependence and mean reversion in stock prices: the case of the MENA region. Research in International Business and Finance 20: 286-304.
    • (2006) Research in International Business and Finance , vol.20 , pp. 286-304
    • Assaf, A.1
  • 17
    • 54249120766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long memory in international equity markets: revisited
    • Assaf, A. (2008) Long memory in international equity markets: revisited. Applied Financial Economics Letters 4: 433-437.
    • (2008) Applied Financial Economics Letters , vol.4 , pp. 433-437
    • Assaf, A.1
  • 18
    • 30244493399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long memory processes and fractional integration in econometrics
    • Baillie, R.T. (1996) Long memory processes and fractional integration in econometrics. Journal of Econometrics 73: 5-59.
    • (1996) Journal of Econometrics , vol.73 , pp. 5-59
    • Baillie, R.T.1
  • 19
    • 0030520821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term dependence in stock returns
    • Barkoulas, J.T. and Baum, C.F. (1996) Long-term dependence in stock returns. Economics Letters 53: 253-259.
    • (1996) Economics Letters , vol.53 , pp. 253-259
    • Barkoulas, J.T.1    Baum, C.F.2
  • 20
    • 0008348010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaos in an emerging capital market? The case of the Athens Stock Exchange
    • Barkoulas, J.T. and Travlos, N. (1998) Chaos in an emerging capital market? The case of the Athens Stock Exchange. Applied Financial Economics 8: 231-243.
    • (1998) Applied Financial Economics , vol.8 , pp. 231-243
    • Barkoulas, J.T.1    Travlos, N.2
  • 24
    • 44349129453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liberalization and stock prices in emerging markets
    • Basu, P., Kawakatsu, H. and Morey, M.R. (2000) Liberalization and stock prices in emerging markets. Emerging Markets Quarterly 4(3): 7-17.
    • (2000) Emerging Markets Quarterly , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 7-17
    • Basu, P.1    Kawakatsu, H.2    Morey, M.R.3
  • 25
    • 38649130655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sample period selection and long-term dependence: new evidence from the Dow Jones index
    • Batten, J.A., Ellis, C.A. and Fethertson, T.A. (2008) Sample period selection and long-term dependence: new evidence from the Dow Jones index. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 36: 1126-1140.
    • (2008) Chaos, Solitons and Fractals , vol.36 , pp. 1126-1140
    • Batten, J.A.1    Ellis, C.A.2    Fethertson, T.A.3
  • 26
    • 0003155773 scopus 로고
    • Market efficiency
    • Beaver, W.H. (1981) Market efficiency. Accounting Review 56: 23-37.
    • (1981) Accounting Review , vol.56 , pp. 23-37
    • Beaver, W.H.1
  • 27
    • 77950259452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insider trading laws and stock markets around the world: an empirical contribution to the theoretical law and economics debate
    • Beny, L.N. (2007) Insider trading laws and stock markets around the world: an empirical contribution to the theoretical law and economics debate. Journal of Corporation Law 32: 237-300.
    • (2007) Journal of Corporation Law , vol.32 , pp. 237-300
    • Beny, L.N.1
  • 29
    • 33847298444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for ARCH in the presence of nonlinearity of unknown form in the conditional mean
    • Blake, A.P. and Kapetanios, G. (2007) Testing for ARCH in the presence of nonlinearity of unknown form in the conditional mean. Journal of Econometrics 137: 472-488.
    • (2007) Journal of Econometrics , vol.137 , pp. 472-488
    • Blake, A.P.1    Kapetanios, G.2
  • 30
    • 67650826376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutional investors and the informational efficiency of prices
    • Boehmer, E. and Kelley, E. (2009) Institutional investors and the informational efficiency of prices. Review of Financial Studies 22: 3563-3594.
    • (2009) Review of Financial Studies , vol.22 , pp. 3563-3594
    • Boehmer, E.1    Kelley, E.2
  • 31
    • 78651443434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short selling and the informational efficiency of prices. SSRN Working Paper, available at, Last accessed 28 March 2009).
    • Boehmer, E. and Wu, J.J. (2009) Short selling and the informational efficiency of prices. SSRN Working Paper, available at (Last accessed 28 March 2009).
    • (2009)
    • Boehmer, E.1    Wu, J.J.2
  • 32
    • 33644608071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic nonlinearity in Latin American stock market indices
    • Bonilla, C., Romero-Meza, R. and Hinich, M.J. (2006) Episodic nonlinearity in Latin American stock market indices. Applied Economics Letters 13: 195-199.
    • (2006) Applied Economics Letters , vol.13 , pp. 195-199
    • Bonilla, C.1    Romero-Meza, R.2    Hinich, M.J.3
  • 33
    • 21844499145 scopus 로고
    • A tale of three schools: insights on autocorrelations of short-horizon stock returns
    • Boudoukh, J., Richardson, M. and Whitelaw, R.F. (1994) A tale of three schools: insights on autocorrelations of short-horizon stock returns. Review of Financial Studies 7: 539-573.
    • (1994) Review of Financial Studies , vol.7 , pp. 539-573
    • Boudoukh, J.1    Richardson, M.2    Whitelaw, R.F.3
  • 35
    • 0004311217 scopus 로고
    • Times Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control
    • San Francisco, CA, Holden-Day.
    • Box, G.E.P. and Jenkins, G.M. (1970) Times Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control. San Francisco, CA Holden-Day.
    • (1970)
    • Box, G.E.P.1    Jenkins, G.M.2
  • 37
    • 34248190280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficiency and the bear: short sales and markets around the world
    • Bris, A., Goetzmann, W.N. and Zhu, N. (2007) Efficiency and the bear: short sales and markets around the world. Journal of Finance 62: 1029-1079.
    • (2007) Journal of Finance , vol.62 , pp. 1029-1079
    • Bris, A.1    Goetzmann, W.N.2    Zhu, N.3
  • 38
    • 0000921080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous beliefs and routes to chaos in a simple asset pricing model
    • Brock, W.A. and Hommes, C.H. (1998) Heterogeneous beliefs and routes to chaos in a simple asset pricing model. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 22: 1235-1274.
    • (1998) Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control , vol.22 , pp. 1235-1274
    • Brock, W.A.1    Hommes, C.H.2
  • 39
    • 0003566244 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear Dynamics, Chaos, and Instability: Statistical Theory and Economic Evidence
    • Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
    • Brock, W.A., Hsieh, D.A. and LeBaron, B. (1991) Nonlinear Dynamics, Chaos, and Instability: Statistical Theory and Economic Evidence. Cambridge, MA MIT Press.
    • (1991)
    • Brock, W.A.1    Hsieh, D.A.2    LeBaron, B.3
  • 42
    • 38749105442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation and analysis of the Hurst exponent for Australian stocks using wavelet analysis
    • Brooks, R.D., Maharaj, E.A. and Pellegrini, B. (2008) Estimation and analysis of the Hurst exponent for Australian stocks using wavelet analysis. Applied Financial Economics Letters 4: 41-44.
    • (2008) Applied Financial Economics Letters , vol.4 , pp. 41-44
    • Brooks, R.D.1    Maharaj, E.A.2    Pellegrini, B.3
  • 43
    • 4544268418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of long range dependence in Asian equity markets: the role of liquidity and market restrictions
    • Cajueiro, D.O. and Tabak, B.M. (2004a) Evidence of long range dependence in Asian equity markets: the role of liquidity and market restrictions. Physica A 342: 656-664.
    • (2004) Physica A , vol.342 , pp. 656-664
    • Cajueiro, D.O.1    Tabak, B.M.2
  • 44
    • 1642617444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hurst exponent over time: testing the assertion that emerging markets are becoming more efficient
    • Cajueiro, D.O. and Tabak, B.M. (2004b) The Hurst exponent over time: testing the assertion that emerging markets are becoming more efficient. Physica A 336: 521-537.
    • (2004) Physica A , vol.336 , pp. 521-537
    • Cajueiro, D.O.1    Tabak, B.M.2
  • 46
    • 4243153929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranking efficiency for emerging equity markets II
    • Cajueiro, D.O. and Tabak, B.M. (2005a) Ranking efficiency for emerging equity markets II. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 23: 671-675.
    • (2005) Chaos, Solitons and Fractals , vol.23 , pp. 671-675
    • Cajueiro, D.O.1    Tabak, B.M.2
  • 47
    • 27344459798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rescaled variance statistic and the determination of the Hurst exponent
    • Cajueiro, D.O. and Tabak, B.M. (2005b) The rescaled variance statistic and the determination of the Hurst exponent. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 70: 172-179.
    • (2005) Mathematics and Computers in Simulation , vol.70 , pp. 172-179
    • Cajueiro, D.O.1    Tabak, B.M.2
  • 48
    • 20444455400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for long range dependence in banking equity indices
    • Cajueiro, D.O. and Tabak, B.M. (2005c) Testing for long range dependence in banking equity indices. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 26: 1423-1428.
    • (2005) Chaos, Solitons and Fractals , vol.26 , pp. 1423-1428
    • Cajueiro, D.O.1    Tabak, B.M.2
  • 49
    • 10444235709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for time-varying long-range dependence in volatility for emerging markets
    • Cajueiro, D.O. and Tabak, B.M. (2005d) Testing for time-varying long-range dependence in volatility for emerging markets. Physica A 346: 577-588.
    • (2005) Physica A , vol.346 , pp. 577-588
    • Cajueiro, D.O.1    Tabak, B.M.2
  • 50
    • 33646509641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for predictability in equity returns for European transition markets
    • Cajueiro, D.O. and Tabak, B.M. (2006) Testing for predictability in equity returns for European transition markets. Economic Systems 30: 56-78.
    • (2006) Economic Systems , vol.30 , pp. 56-78
    • Cajueiro, D.O.1    Tabak, B.M.2
  • 51
    • 34147138364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-varying long-range dependence in US interest rates
    • Cajueiro, D.O. and Tabak, B.M. (2007) Time-varying long-range dependence in US interest rates. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 34: 360-367.
    • (2007) Chaos, Solitons and Fractals , vol.34 , pp. 360-367
    • Cajueiro, D.O.1    Tabak, B.M.2
  • 52
    • 41849137604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for time-varying long-range dependence in real state equity returns
    • Cajueiro, D.O. and Tabak, B.M. (2008) Testing for time-varying long-range dependence in real state equity returns. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 38: 293-307.
    • (2008) Chaos, Solitons and Fractals , vol.38 , pp. 293-307
    • Cajueiro, D.O.1    Tabak, B.M.2
  • 53
    • 63349106190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does financial market liberalization increase the degree of market efficiency? The case of the Athens stock exchange
    • Cajueiro, D.O., Gogas, P. and Tabak, B.M. (2009) Does financial market liberalization increase the degree of market efficiency? The case of the Athens stock exchange. International Review of Financial Analysis 18: 50-57.
    • (2009) International Review of Financial Analysis , vol.18 , pp. 50-57
    • Cajueiro, D.O.1    Gogas, P.2    Tabak, B.M.3
  • 54
    • 49449084242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting excess stock returns out of sample: can anything beat the historical average
    • Campbell, J.Y. and Thompson, S.B. (2008) Predicting excess stock returns out of sample: can anything beat the historical average Review of Financial Studies 21: 1509-1531.
    • (2008) Review of Financial Studies , vol.21 , pp. 1509-1531
    • Campbell, J.Y.1    Thompson, S.B.2
  • 55
    • 84890656542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Econometrics of Financial Markets
    • Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
    • Campbell, J.Y., Lo, A.W. and MacKinlay, A.C. (1997) The Econometrics of Financial Markets. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press.
    • (1997)
    • Campbell, J.Y.1    Lo, A.W.2    MacKinlay, A.C.3
  • 56
    • 0000941038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threshold autoregression with a unit root
    • Caner, M. and Hansen, B.E. (2001) Threshold autoregression with a unit root. Econometrica 69: 1555-1596.
    • (2001) Econometrica , vol.69 , pp. 1555-1596
    • Caner, M.1    Hansen, B.E.2
  • 57
    • 84993729229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market efficiency for the Pakistan stock market: evidence from the Karachi Stock Exchange
    • Chakraborty, M. (2006) Market efficiency for the Pakistan stock market: evidence from the Karachi Stock Exchange. South Asia Economic Journal 7: 67-81.
    • (2006) South Asia Economic Journal , vol.7 , pp. 67-81
    • Chakraborty, M.1
  • 59
    • 12144259177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A variance ratio test of the random walk hypothesis for Taiwan's stock market
    • Chang, K.P. and Ting, K.S. (2000) A variance ratio test of the random walk hypothesis for Taiwan's stock market. Applied Financial Economics 10: 525-532.
    • (2000) Applied Financial Economics , vol.10 , pp. 525-532
    • Chang, K.P.1    Ting, K.S.2
  • 60
    • 77954459414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the correlation dimension to detect non-linear dynamics: evidence from the Athens Stock Exchange
    • Chappell, D. and Panagiotidis, T. (2005) Using the correlation dimension to detect non-linear dynamics: evidence from the Athens Stock Exchange. Finance Letters 3(4): 29-32.
    • (2005) Finance Letters , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 29-32
    • Chappell, D.1    Panagiotidis, T.2
  • 61
    • 67349134558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The random walk hypothesis for Chinese stock markets: evidence from variance ratio tests
    • Charles, A. and Darné, O. (2009a) The random walk hypothesis for Chinese stock markets: evidence from variance ratio tests. Economic Systems 33: 117-126.
    • (2009) Economic Systems , vol.33 , pp. 117-126
    • Charles, A.1    Darné, O.2
  • 62
    • 67049173168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variance-ratio tests of random walk: an overview
    • Charles, A. and Darné, O. (2009b) Variance-ratio tests of random walk: an overview. Journal of Economic Surveys 23: 503-527.
    • (2009) Journal of Economic Surveys , vol.23 , pp. 503-527
    • Charles, A.1    Darné, O.2
  • 63
  • 64
    • 30244541838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The trading mechanism, cross listed stocks: a comparison of the Paris Bourse and SEAQ-International
    • Chelley-Steeley, P. (2003) The trading mechanism, cross listed stocks: a comparison of the Paris Bourse and SEAQ-International. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 13: 401-417.
    • (2003) Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money , vol.13 , pp. 401-417
    • Chelley-Steeley, P.1
  • 65
    • 23844487798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining volatility and serial correlation in opening and closing returns: a study of the FT-30 components
    • Chelley-Steeley, P. (2005) Explaining volatility and serial correlation in opening and closing returns: a study of the FT-30 components. Global Finance Journal 16: 1-15.
    • (2005) Global Finance Journal , vol.16 , pp. 1-15
    • Chelley-Steeley, P.1
  • 66
    • 51349118170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market quality changes in the London Stock Market
    • Chelley-Steeley, P. (2008) Market quality changes in the London Stock Market. Journal of Banking and Finance 32: 2248-2253.
    • (2008) Journal of Banking and Finance , vol.32 , pp. 2248-2253
    • Chelley-Steeley, P.1
  • 68
    • 14844350517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing serial independence against time irreversibility
    • Article 1.
    • Chen, Y.T. (2003) Testing serial independence against time irreversibility. Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics 7(3): Article 1.
    • (2003) Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics , vol.7 , Issue.3
    • Chen, Y.T.1
  • 69
    • 33644887705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The variance ratio statistic at large horizons
    • Chen, W.W. and Deo, R.S. (2006) The variance ratio statistic at large horizons. Econometric Theory 22: 206-234.
    • (2006) Econometric Theory , vol.22 , pp. 206-234
    • Chen, W.W.1    Deo, R.S.2
  • 70
    • 0141548673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing time reversibility without moment restrictions
    • Chen, Y.T., Chou, R.Y. and Kuan, C.M. (2000) Testing time reversibility without moment restrictions. Journal of Econometrics 95: 199-218.
    • (2000) Journal of Econometrics , vol.95 , pp. 199-218
    • Chen, Y.T.1    Chou, R.Y.2    Kuan, C.M.3
  • 71
    • 11144300284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on price limit performance: the case of illiquid stocks
    • Chen, G.M., Kim, K.A. and Rui, O.M. (2005) A note on price limit performance: the case of illiquid stocks. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 13: 81-92.
    • (2005) Pacific-Basin Finance Journal , vol.13 , pp. 81-92
    • Chen, G.M.1    Kim, K.A.2    Rui, O.M.3
  • 72
    • 33750472990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetry and long-memory volatility: some empirical evidence using GARCH
    • Cheong, C.W., Nor, A.H.S.M. and Isa, Z. (2007) Asymmetry and long-memory volatility: some empirical evidence using GARCH. Physica A 373: 651-664.
    • (2007) Physica A , vol.373 , pp. 651-664
    • Cheong, C.W.1    Nor, A.H.S.M.2    Isa, Z.3
  • 73
    • 0001533488 scopus 로고
    • A search for long memory in international stock market returns
    • Cheung, Y.W. and Lai, K.S. (1995) A search for long memory in international stock market returns. Journal of International Money and Finance 14: 597-615.
    • (1995) Journal of International Money and Finance , vol.14 , pp. 597-615
    • Cheung, Y.W.1    Lai, K.S.2
  • 75
    • 34247267828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of contrarian profits in the Japanese stock market
    • Chou, P.H., Wei, K.C.J. and Chung, H. (2007) Sources of contrarian profits in the Japanese stock market. Journal of Empirical Finance 14: 261-286.
    • (2007) Journal of Empirical Finance , vol.14 , pp. 261-286
    • Chou, P.H.1    Wei, K.C.J.2    Chung, H.3
  • 76
    • 0000958918 scopus 로고
    • A simple multiple variance ratio test
    • Chow, K.V. and Denning, K.C. (1993) A simple multiple variance ratio test. Journal of Econometrics 58: 385-401.
    • (1993) Journal of Econometrics , vol.58 , pp. 385-401
    • Chow, K.V.1    Denning, K.C.2
  • 78
    • 49449103299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dog that did not bark: a defense of return predictability
    • Cochrane, J.H. (2008) The dog that did not bark: a defense of return predictability. Review of Financial Studies 21: 1533-1575.
    • (2008) Review of Financial Studies , vol.21 , pp. 1533-1575
    • Cochrane, J.H.1
  • 79
    • 0141888070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-range correlations and nonstationarity in the Brazilian stock market
    • Costa, R.L. and Vasconcelos, G.L. (2003) Long-range correlations and nonstationarity in the Brazilian stock market. Physica A 329: 231-248.
    • (2003) Physica A , vol.329 , pp. 231-248
    • Costa, R.L.1    Vasconcelos, G.L.2
  • 82
    • 0001798665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market efficiency in an irrational world
    • Daniel, K. and Titman, S. (1999) Market efficiency in an irrational world. Financial Analysts Journal 55(6): 28-40.
    • (1999) Financial Analysts Journal , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 28-40
    • Daniel, K.1    Titman, S.2
  • 83
    • 33645842473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capital market governance: how do security laws affect market performance
    • Daouk, H., Lee, C.M.C. and Ng, D. (2006) Capital market governance: how do security laws affect market performance Journal of Corporate Finance 12: 560-593.
    • (2006) Journal of Corporate Finance , vol.12 , pp. 560-593
    • Daouk, H.1    Lee, C.M.C.2    Ng, D.3
  • 84
    • 57349170125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rolling-sampled parameters of ARCH and Levy-stable models
    • Degiannakis, S., Livada, A. and Panas, E. (2008) Rolling-sampled parameters of ARCH and Levy-stable models. Applied Economics 40: 3051-3067.
    • (2008) Applied Economics , vol.40 , pp. 3051-3067
    • Degiannakis, S.1    Livada, A.2    Panas, E.3
  • 85
    • 41549131643 scopus 로고
    • Testing non-linearities in world stock market prices
    • De Gooijer, J.G. (1989) Testing non-linearities in world stock market prices. Economics Letters 31: 31-35.
    • (1989) Economics Letters , vol.31 , pp. 31-35
    • De Gooijer, J.G.1
  • 86
    • 0347114546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral tests of the martingale hypothesis under conditional heteroscedasticity
    • Deo, R.S. (2000) Spectral tests of the martingale hypothesis under conditional heteroscedasticity. Journal of Econometrics 99: 291-315.
    • (2000) Journal of Econometrics , vol.99 , pp. 291-315
    • Deo, R.S.1
  • 88
    • 33847066645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-scaling in finance
    • Di Matteo, T. (2007) Multi-scaling in finance. Quantitative Finance 7: 21-36.
    • (2007) Quantitative Finance , vol.7 , pp. 21-36
    • Di Matteo, T.1
  • 89
    • 12444317691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term memories of developed and emerging markets: using the scaling analysis to characterize their stage of development
    • Di Matteo, T., Aste, T. and Dacorogna, M.M. (2005) Long-term memories of developed and emerging markets: using the scaling analysis to characterize their stage of development. Journal of Banking and Finance 29: 827-851.
    • (2005) Journal of Banking and Finance , vol.29 , pp. 827-851
    • Di Matteo, T.1    Aste, T.2    Dacorogna, M.M.3
  • 90
    • 1542708085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the martingale difference hypothesis
    • Domínguez, M.A. and Lobato, I.N. (2003) Testing the martingale difference hypothesis. Econometric Reviews 22: 351-377.
    • (2003) Econometric Reviews , vol.22 , pp. 351-377
    • Domínguez, M.A.1    Lobato, I.N.2
  • 91
    • 0013186231 scopus 로고
    • Spectral based testing of the martingale hypothesis
    • Durlauf, S.N. (1991) Spectral based testing of the martingale hypothesis. Journal of Econometrics 50: 355-376.
    • (1991) Journal of Econometrics , vol.50 , pp. 355-376
    • Durlauf, S.N.1
  • 93
    • 34247110827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On fractional integrating dynamics in the US stock market
    • Elder, J. and Serletis, A. (2007) On fractional integrating dynamics in the US stock market. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 34: 777-781.
    • (2007) Chaos, Solitons and Fractals , vol.34 , pp. 777-781
    • Elder, J.1    Serletis, A.2
  • 94
    • 0031432281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolving market efficiency with an application to some Bulgarian shares
    • Emerson, R., Hall, S.G. and Zalewska-Mitura, A. (1997) Evolving market efficiency with an application to some Bulgarian shares. Economics of Planning 30: 75-90.
    • (1997) Economics of Planning , vol.30 , pp. 75-90
    • Emerson, R.1    Hall, S.G.2    Zalewska-Mitura, A.3
  • 95
    • 0000051984 scopus 로고
    • Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation
    • Engle, R.F. (1982) Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation. Econometrica 50: 987-1007.
    • (1982) Econometrica , vol.50 , pp. 987-1007
    • Engle, R.F.1
  • 96
    • 44149109112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hurst exponent and prediction based on weak-form efficient market hypothesis of stock markets
    • Eom, C., Choi, S., Oh, G. and Jung, W.S. (2008a) Hurst exponent and prediction based on weak-form efficient market hypothesis of stock markets. Physica A 387: 4630-4636.
    • (2008) Physica A , vol.387 , pp. 4630-4636
    • Eom, C.1    Choi, S.2    Oh, G.3    Jung, W.S.4
  • 97
    • 47649088740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between efficiency and predictability in stock price change
    • Eom, C., Oh, G. and Jung, W.S. (2008b) Relationship between efficiency and predictability in stock price change. Physica A 387: 5511-5517.
    • (2008) Physica A , vol.387 , pp. 5511-5517
    • Eom, C.1    Oh, G.2    Jung, W.S.3
  • 98
    • 33746218652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized spectral tests for the martingale difference hypothesis
    • Escanciano, J.C. and Velasco, C. (2006a) Generalized spectral tests for the martingale difference hypothesis. Journal of Econometrics 134: 151-185.
    • (2006) Journal of Econometrics , vol.134 , pp. 151-185
    • Escanciano, J.C.1    Velasco, C.2
  • 99
    • 33750977537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the martingale difference hypothesis using integrated regression functions
    • Escanciano, J.C. and Velasco, C. (2006b) Testing the martingale difference hypothesis using integrated regression functions. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 51: 2278-2294.
    • (2006) Computational Statistics and Data Analysis , vol.51 , pp. 2278-2294
    • Escanciano, J.C.1    Velasco, C.2
  • 100
    • 0141977279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Events that shook the market
    • Fair, R.C. (2002) Events that shook the market. Journal of Business 75: 713-731.
    • (2002) Journal of Business , vol.75 , pp. 713-731
    • Fair, R.C.1
  • 101
    • 0037565210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shock effects on stocks, bonds, and exchange rates
    • Fair, R.C. (2003) Shock effects on stocks, bonds, and exchange rates. Journal of International Money and Finance 22: 307-341.
    • (2003) Journal of International Money and Finance , vol.22 , pp. 307-341
    • Fair, R.C.1
  • 102
    • 0002528209 scopus 로고
    • The behavior of stock-market prices
    • Fama, E.F. (1965) The behavior of stock-market prices. Journal of Business 38: 34-105.
    • (1965) Journal of Business , vol.38 , pp. 34-105
    • Fama, E.F.1
  • 103
    • 0000480869 scopus 로고
    • Efficient capital markets: a review of theory and empirical work
    • Fama, E.F. (1970) Efficient capital markets: a review of theory and empirical work. Journal of Finance 25: 383-417.
    • (1970) Journal of Finance , vol.25 , pp. 383-417
    • Fama, E.F.1
  • 104
    • 0000029776 scopus 로고
    • Efficient capital markets: II
    • Fama, E.F. (1991) Efficient capital markets: II. Journal of Finance 46: 1575-1617.
    • (1991) Journal of Finance , vol.46 , pp. 1575-1617
    • Fama, E.F.1
  • 105
    • 0346207692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market efficiency, long-term returns, and behavioral finance
    • Fama, E.F. (1998) Market efficiency, long-term returns, and behavioral finance. Journal of Financial Economics 49: 283-306.
    • (1998) Journal of Financial Economics , vol.49 , pp. 283-306
    • Fama, E.F.1
  • 106
    • 0036851793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market force, ecology and evolution
    • Farmer, J.D. (2002) Market force, ecology and evolution. Industrial and Corporate Change 11: 895-953.
    • (2002) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.11 , pp. 895-953
    • Farmer, J.D.1
  • 108
    • 67849099181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insider trading laws and stock price informativeness
    • Fernandes, N. and Ferreira, M.A. (2009) Insider trading laws and stock price informativeness. Review of Financial Studies 22: 1845-1887.
    • (2009) Review of Financial Studies , vol.22 , pp. 1845-1887
    • Fernandes, N.1    Ferreira, M.A.2
  • 109
    • 47149107981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further evidence on the efficiency of the Chinese stock markets: a note
    • Fifield, S.G.M. and Jetty, J. (2008) Further evidence on the efficiency of the Chinese stock markets: a note. Research in International Business and Finance 22: 351-361.
    • (2008) Research in International Business and Finance , vol.22 , pp. 351-361
    • Fifield, S.G.M.1    Jetty, J.2
  • 111
    • 84992335189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market efficiency in specialist markets before and after automation
    • Freund, W.C. and Pagano, M.S. (2000) Market efficiency in specialist markets before and after automation. Financial Review 35: 79-104.
    • (2000) Financial Review , vol.35 , pp. 79-104
    • Freund, W.C.1    Pagano, M.S.2
  • 112
    • 0031521241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market efficiency before and after the introduction of electronic trading at the Toronto stock exchange
    • Freund, W.C., Larrain, M. and Pagano, M.S. (1997) Market efficiency before and after the introduction of electronic trading at the Toronto stock exchange. Review of Financial Economics 6: 29-56.
    • (1997) Review of Financial Economics , vol.6 , pp. 29-56
    • Freund, W.C.1    Larrain, M.2    Pagano, M.S.3
  • 113
    • 33745942283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial liberalization and stock price behaviour in Asian emerging markets
    • Füss, R. (2005) Financial liberalization and stock price behaviour in Asian emerging markets. Economic Change and Restructuring 38: 37-62.
    • (2005) Economic Change and Restructuring , vol.38 , pp. 37-62
    • Füss, R.1
  • 115
    • 84986759400 scopus 로고
    • The estimation and application of long memory time series models
    • Geweke, J. and Porter-Hudak, S. (1983) The estimation and application of long memory time series models. Journal of Time Series Analysis 4: 221-238.
    • (1983) Journal of Time Series Analysis , vol.4 , pp. 221-238
    • Geweke, J.1    Porter-Hudak, S.2
  • 116
    • 30344435319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractional integration in daily stock market indexes
    • Gil-Alana, L.A. (2006) Fractional integration in daily stock market indexes. Review of Financial Economics 15: 28-48.
    • (2006) Review of Financial Economics , vol.15 , pp. 28-48
    • Gil-Alana, L.A.1
  • 117
    • 21344491185 scopus 로고
    • A new approach to testing for chaos, with applications in finance and economics
    • Gilmore, C.G. (1993) A new approach to testing for chaos, with applications in finance and economics. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 3: 583-587.
    • (1993) International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos , vol.3 , pp. 583-587
    • Gilmore, C.G.1
  • 118
    • 0042680953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting linear and nonlinear dependence in stock returns: new methods derived from chaos theory
    • Gilmore, C.G. (1996) Detecting linear and nonlinear dependence in stock returns: new methods derived from chaos theory. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting 23: 1357-1377.
    • (1996) Journal of Business Finance and Accounting , vol.23 , pp. 1357-1377
    • Gilmore, C.G.1
  • 119
    • 0012223897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rescaled variance and related tests for long memory in volatility and levels
    • Giraitis, L., Kokoszka, P., Leipus, R. and Teyssière, G. (2003) Rescaled variance and related tests for long memory in volatility and levels. Journal of Econometrics 112: 265-294.
    • (2003) Journal of Econometrics , vol.112 , pp. 265-294
    • Giraitis, L.1    Kokoszka, P.2    Leipus, R.3    Teyssière, G.4
  • 120
    • 37849187778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation-based finite sample linearity test against smooth transition models
    • González, A. and Teräsvirta, T. (2006) Simulation-based finite sample linearity test against smooth transition models. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 68: 797-812.
    • (2006) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics , vol.68 , pp. 797-812
    • González, A.1    Teräsvirta, T.2
  • 121
    • 47649091896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some comments on Hurst exponent and the long memory processes on capital markets
    • Granero, M.A.S., Segovia, J.E.T. and Pérez, J.G. (2008) Some comments on Hurst exponent and the long memory processes on capital markets. Physica A 387: 5543-5551.
    • (2008) Physica A , vol.387 , pp. 5543-5551
    • Granero, M.A.S.1    Segovia, J.E.T.2    Pérez, J.G.3
  • 122
    • 0003688749 scopus 로고
    • An Introduction to Bilinear Time Series Models
    • Gottingen, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.
    • Granger, C.W.J. and Andersen, A.P. (1978) An Introduction to Bilinear Time Series Models. Gottingen Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.
    • (1978)
    • Granger, C.W.J.1    Andersen, A.P.2
  • 123
    • 84979319562 scopus 로고
    • Spectral analysis of New York stock market prices
    • Granger, C.W.J. and Morgenstern, O. (1963) Spectral analysis of New York stock market prices. Kyklos 16: 1-27.
    • (1963) Kyklos , vol.16 , pp. 1-27
    • Granger, C.W.J.1    Morgenstern, O.2
  • 124
    • 0003978170 scopus 로고
    • Modelling Nonlinear Economic Relationships
    • Oxford, Oxford University Press.
    • Granger, C.W.J. and Teräsvirta, T. (1993) Modelling Nonlinear Economic Relationships. Oxford Oxford University Press.
    • (1993)
    • Granger, C.W.J.1    Teräsvirta, T.2
  • 125
    • 40749093037 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the strangeness of strange attractors
    • Grassberger, P. and Procaccia, I. (1983) Measuring the strangeness of strange attractors. Physica D 9: 189-208.
    • (1983) Physica D , vol.9 , pp. 189-208
    • Grassberger, P.1    Procaccia, I.2
  • 127
    • 78651458723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are emerging markets more profitable? Implications for comparing weak and semi-strong form efficiency. Working Paper, University of Texas at Austin
    • Griffin, J.M., Kelly, P.J. and Nardari, F. (2008) Are emerging markets more profitable? Implications for comparing weak and semi-strong form efficiency. Working Paper, University of Texas at Austin .
    • (2008)
    • Griffin, J.M.1    Kelly, P.J.2    Nardari, F.3
  • 128
    • 0006088993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of de-regulation on share-market efficiency in the Asia-Pacific
    • Groenewold, N. and Ariff, M. (1998) The effects of de-regulation on share-market efficiency in the Asia-Pacific. International Economic Journal 12(4): 23-47.
    • (1998) International Economic Journal , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 23-47
    • Groenewold, N.1    Ariff, M.2
  • 129
    • 36749019247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Chinese Stock Market: Efficiency, Predictability and Profitability
    • Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
    • Groenewold, N., Wu, Y., Tang, S.H.K. and Fan, X.M. (2004) The Chinese Stock Market: Efficiency, Predictability and Profitability. Cheltenham Edward Elgar.
    • (2004)
    • Groenewold, N.1    Wu, Y.2    Tang, S.H.K.3    Fan, X.M.4
  • 130
    • 0001188867 scopus 로고
    • On the impossibility of informationally efficient markets
    • Grossman, S.J. and Stiglitz, J.E. (1980) On the impossibility of informationally efficient markets. American Economic Review 70: 393-408.
    • (1980) American Economic Review , vol.70 , pp. 393-408
    • Grossman, S.J.1    Stiglitz, J.E.2
  • 131
    • 67650226491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing market efficiency: evidence from the NASDAQ
    • Gu, A.Y. (2004) Increasing market efficiency: evidence from the NASDAQ. American Business Review 22(2): 20-25.
    • (2004) American Business Review , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 20-25
    • Gu, A.Y.1
  • 132
    • 0013271303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of market efficiency: 103 years daily data of the Dow
    • Gu, A.Y. and Finnerty, J. (2002) The evolution of market efficiency: 103 years daily data of the Dow. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 18: 219-237.
    • (2002) Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting , vol.18 , pp. 219-237
    • Gu, A.Y.1    Finnerty, J.2
  • 134
    • 0346398181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-linear noise reduction and detecting chaos: some evidence from the S&P Composite Price Index
    • Harrison, R.G., Yu, D., Oxley, L., Lu, W. and George, D. (1999) Non-linear noise reduction and detecting chaos: some evidence from the S&P Composite Price Index. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 48: 497-502.
    • (1999) Mathematics and Computers in Simulation , vol.48 , pp. 497-502
    • Harrison, R.G.1    Yu, D.2    Oxley, L.3    Lu, W.4    George, D.5
  • 135
    • 58949086788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is South Korea's stock market efficient? Evidence from a nonlinear unit root test
    • Hasanov, M. (2009a) Is South Korea's stock market efficient? Evidence from a nonlinear unit root test. Applied Economics Letters 16: 163-167.
    • (2009) Applied Economics Letters , vol.16 , pp. 163-167
    • Hasanov, M.1
  • 136
    • 58949099504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on efficiency of Australian and New Zealand stock markets
    • Hasanov, M. (2009b) A note on efficiency of Australian and New Zealand stock markets. Applied Economics 41: 269-273.
    • (2009) Applied Economics , vol.41 , pp. 269-273
    • Hasanov, M.1
  • 137
    • 21144470682 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the quality of a security market: a new approach to transaction-cost measurement
    • Hasbrouck, J. (1993) Assessing the quality of a security market: a new approach to transaction-cost measurement. Review of Financial Studies 6: 191-212.
    • (1993) Review of Financial Studies , vol.6 , pp. 191-212
    • Hasbrouck, J.1
  • 138
    • 43149111327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficiency of Bangladesh stock market: evidence from monthly index and individual firm data
    • Hassan, M.K. and Chowdhury, S.S.H. (2008) Efficiency of Bangladesh stock market: evidence from monthly index and individual firm data. Applied Financial Economics 18: 749-758.
    • (2008) Applied Financial Economics , vol.18 , pp. 749-758
    • Hassan, M.K.1    Chowdhury, S.S.H.2
  • 139
    • 0031537357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Another look at long memory in common stock returns
    • Hiemstra, C. and Jones, J.D. (1997) Another look at long memory in common stock returns. Journal of Empirical Finance 4: 373-401.
    • (1997) Journal of Empirical Finance , vol.4 , pp. 373-401
    • Hiemstra, C.1    Jones, J.D.2
  • 140
    • 84986811814 scopus 로고
    • Testing for Gaussianity and linearity of a stationary time series
    • Hinich, M.J. (1982) Testing for Gaussianity and linearity of a stationary time series. Journal of Time Series Analysis 3: 169-176.
    • (1982) Journal of Time Series Analysis , vol.3 , pp. 169-176
    • Hinich, M.J.1
  • 141
    • 0000208563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for dependence in the input to a linear time series model
    • Hinich, M.J. (1996) Testing for dependence in the input to a linear time series model. Journal of Nonparametric Statistics 6: 205-221.
    • (1996) Journal of Nonparametric Statistics , vol.6 , pp. 205-221
    • Hinich, M.J.1
  • 144
    • 84981455521 scopus 로고
    • A new diagnostic test of model inadequacy which uses the martingale difference criterion
    • Hinich, M.J. and Patterson, D.M. (1992) A new diagnostic test of model inadequacy which uses the martingale difference criterion. Journal of Time Series Analysis 13: 233-252.
    • (1992) Journal of Time Series Analysis , vol.13 , pp. 233-252
    • Hinich, M.J.1    Patterson, D.M.2
  • 145
    • 78651435018 scopus 로고
    • Detecting epochs of transient dependence in white noise. Working Paper, University of Texas at Austin
    • Hinich, M.J. and Patterson, D.M. (1995) Detecting epochs of transient dependence in white noise. Working Paper, University of Texas at Austin .
    • (1995)
    • Hinich, M.J.1    Patterson, D.M.2
  • 146
    • 77951498759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Money, Measurement and Computation
    • In, M.T. Belongia and, J.M. Binner (eds) , London, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Hinich, M.J. and Patterson, D.M. (2005) Detecting epochs of transient dependence in white noise. In M.T. Belongia and J.M. Binner (eds), Money, Measurement and Computation (pp. 61-75). London Palgrave Macmillan.
    • (2005) Detecting epochs of transient dependence in white noise , pp. 61-75
    • Hinich, M.J.1    Patterson, D.M.2
  • 147
    • 0032387142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency-domain test of time reversibility
    • Hinich, M.J. and Rothman, P. (1998) Frequency-domain test of time reversibility. Macroeconomic Dynamics 2: 72-88.
    • (1998) Macroeconomic Dynamics , vol.2 , pp. 72-88
    • Hinich, M.J.1    Rothman, P.2
  • 150
    • 84882541181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of Financial Markets: Dynamics and Evolution
    • In, T. Hens and, K.R. Schenk-Hoppé (eds) , Amsterdam, Elsevier.
    • Hommes, C. and Wagener, F. (2009) Complex evolutionary systems in behavioral finance. In T. Hens and K.R. Schenk-Hoppé (eds), Handbook of Financial Markets: Dynamics and Evolution (pp. 217-276). Amsterdam Elsevier.
    • (2009) Complex evolutionary systems in behavioral finance , pp. 217-276
    • Hommes, C.1    Wagener, F.2
  • 151
    • 16344384754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized spectral tests for conditional mean models in time series with conditional heteroscedasticity of unknown form
    • Hong, Y. and Lee, Y.J. (2005) Generalized spectral tests for conditional mean models in time series with conditional heteroscedasticity of unknown form. Review of Economic Studies 72: 499-541.
    • (2005) Review of Economic Studies , vol.72 , pp. 499-541
    • Hong, Y.1    Lee, Y.J.2
  • 152
    • 34548491811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of variance ratio tests of random walk: a case of Asian emerging stock markets
    • Hoque, H.A.A.B., Kim, J.H. and Pyun, C.S. (2007) A comparison of variance ratio tests of random walk: a case of Asian emerging stock markets. International Review of Economics and Finance 16: 488-502.
    • (2007) International Review of Economics and Finance , vol.16 , pp. 488-502
    • Hoque, H.A.A.B.1    Kim, J.H.2    Pyun, C.S.3
  • 154
    • 24044454681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market frictions, price delay, and the cross-section of expected returns
    • Hou, K. and Moskowitz, T.J. (2005) Market frictions, price delay, and the cross-section of expected returns. Review of Financial Studies 18: 981-1020.
    • (2005) Review of Financial Studies , vol.18 , pp. 981-1020
    • Hou, K.1    Moskowitz, T.J.2
  • 155
    • 0000605911 scopus 로고
    • Testing for nonlinear dependence in daily foreign exchange rates
    • Hsieh, D.A. (1989) Testing for nonlinear dependence in daily foreign exchange rates. Journal of Business 62: 339-368.
    • (1989) Journal of Business , vol.62 , pp. 339-368
    • Hsieh, D.A.1
  • 156
    • 84977719043 scopus 로고
    • Chaos and nonlinear dynamics: application to financial markets
    • Hsieh, D.A. (1991) Chaos and nonlinear dynamics: application to financial markets. Journal of Finance 46: 1839-1877.
    • (1991) Journal of Finance , vol.46 , pp. 1839-1877
    • Hsieh, D.A.1
  • 157
    • 67649771478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deregulation and liberalization of the Chinese stock market and the improvement of market efficiency
    • Hung, J.C. (2009) Deregulation and liberalization of the Chinese stock market and the improvement of market efficiency. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 49: 843-857.
    • (2009) Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance , vol.49 , pp. 843-857
    • Hung, J.C.1
  • 158
    • 67649716390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining market efficiency for large- and small-capitalization of TOPIX and FTSE stock indices
    • Hung, J.C., Lee, Y.H. and Pai, T.Y. (2009) Examining market efficiency for large- and small-capitalization of TOPIX and FTSE stock indices. Applied Financial Economics 19: 735-744.
    • (2009) Applied Financial Economics , vol.19 , pp. 735-744
    • Hung, J.C.1    Lee, Y.H.2    Pai, T.Y.3
  • 160
    • 61549138417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the degree of time varying market inefficiency
    • Ito, M. and Sugiyama, S. (2009) Measuring the degree of time varying market inefficiency. Economics Letters 103: 62-64.
    • (2009) Economics Letters , vol.103 , pp. 62-64
    • Ito, M.1    Sugiyama, S.2
  • 161
    • 0030525270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term dependence in stock returns
    • Jacobsen, B. (1996) Long term dependence in stock returns. Journal of Empirical Finance 3: 393-417.
    • (1996) Journal of Empirical Finance , vol.3 , pp. 393-417
    • Jacobsen, B.1
  • 162
    • 28244482621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial market design and the equity premium: electronic versus floor trading
    • Jain, P.K. (2005) Financial market design and the equity premium: electronic versus floor trading. Journal of Finance 60: 2955-2985.
    • (2005) Journal of Finance , vol.60 , pp. 2955-2985
    • Jain, P.K.1
  • 163
    • 13944277157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capitalisation and weak-form efficiency in the JSE Securities Exchange
    • Jefferis, K. and Smith, G. (2004) Capitalisation and weak-form efficiency in the JSE Securities Exchange. South African Journal of Economics 72: 684-707.
    • (2004) South African Journal of Economics , vol.72 , pp. 684-707
    • Jefferis, K.1    Smith, G.2
  • 164
  • 165
    • 0003803467 scopus 로고
    • Spectral Analysis and Its Applications
    • San Francisco, CA, Holden-Day.
    • Jenkins, G.M. and Watts, D. (1968) Spectral Analysis and Its Applications. San Francisco, CA Holden-Day.
    • (1968)
    • Jenkins, G.M.1    Watts, D.2
  • 166
    • 0001281632 scopus 로고
    • Some anomalous evidence regarding market efficiency
    • Jensen, M.C. (1978) Some anomalous evidence regarding market efficiency. Journal of Financial Economics 6: 95-101.
    • (1978) Journal of Financial Economics , vol.6 , pp. 95-101
    • Jensen, M.C.1
  • 168
    • 42549092341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Business conditions and nonrandom walk behaviour of US stocks and bonds returns
    • Jirasakuldech, B., Emekter, R. and Lee, U. (2008) Business conditions and nonrandom walk behaviour of US stocks and bonds returns. Applied Financial Economics 18: 659-672.
    • (2008) Applied Financial Economics , vol.18 , pp. 659-672
    • Jirasakuldech, B.1    Emekter, R.2    Lee, U.3
  • 170
    • 78651450334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long memory in stock returns: evidence from the major emerging Central European stock markets
    • doi:.
    • Kasman, S., Turgutlu, E. and Ayhan, A.D. (2008) Long memory in stock returns: evidence from the major emerging Central European stock markets. Applied Economics Letters, doi:.
    • (2008) Applied Economics Letters
    • Kasman, S.1    Turgutlu, E.2    Ayhan, A.D.3
  • 171
    • 84993009800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical examination of financial liberalization and the efficiency of emerging market stock prices
    • Kawakatsu, H. and Morey, M.R. (1999a) An empirical examination of financial liberalization and the efficiency of emerging market stock prices. Journal of Financial Research 22: 385-411.
    • (1999) Journal of Financial Research , vol.22 , pp. 385-411
    • Kawakatsu, H.1    Morey, M.R.2
  • 172
    • 0033228138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial liberalization and stock market efficiency: an empirical examination of nine emerging market countries
    • Kawakatsu, H. and Morey, M.R. (1999b) Financial liberalization and stock market efficiency: an empirical examination of nine emerging market countries. Journal of Multinational Financial Management 9: 353-371.
    • (1999) Journal of Multinational Financial Management , vol.9 , pp. 353-371
    • Kawakatsu, H.1    Morey, M.R.2
  • 173
    • 4544233361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the long memory properties of emerging capital markets: evidence from Istanbul stock exchange
    • Kilic, R. (2004) On the long memory properties of emerging capital markets: evidence from Istanbul stock exchange. Applied Financial Economics 14: 915-922.
    • (2004) Applied Financial Economics , vol.14 , pp. 915-922
    • Kilic, R.1
  • 174
    • 33744522542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild bootstrapping variance ratio tests
    • Kim, J.H. (2006) Wild bootstrapping variance ratio tests. Economics Letters 92: 38-43.
    • (2006) Economics Letters , vol.92 , pp. 38-43
    • Kim, J.H.1
  • 175
    • 42649126407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are Asian stock markets efficient? Evidence from new multiple variance ratio tests
    • Kim, J.H. and Shamsuddin, A. (2008) Are Asian stock markets efficient? Evidence from new multiple variance ratio tests. Journal of Empirical Finance 15: 518-532.
    • (2008) Journal of Empirical Finance , vol.15 , pp. 518-532
    • Kim, J.H.1    Shamsuddin, A.2
  • 176
    • 0034638539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fear of globalizing capital markets
    • Kim, E.H. and Singal, V. (2000a) The fear of globalizing capital markets. Emerging Markets Review 1: 183-198.
    • (2000) Emerging Markets Review , vol.1 , pp. 183-198
    • Kim, E.H.1    Singal, V.2
  • 177
    • 0041029369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stock market openings: experience of emerging economies
    • Kim, E.H. and Singal, V. (2000b) Stock market openings: experience of emerging economies. Journal of Business 73: 25-66.
    • (2000) Journal of Business , vol.73 , pp. 25-66
    • Kim, E.H.1    Singal, V.2
  • 178
    • 4444284929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What makes circuit breakers attractive to financial markets? A survey
    • Kim, Y.H. and Yang, J.J. (2004) What makes circuit breakers attractive to financial markets? A survey. Financial Markets, Institutions and Instruments 13(3): 109-146.
    • (2004) Financial Markets, Institutions and Instruments , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 109-146
    • Kim, Y.H.1    Yang, J.J.2
  • 179
    • 62249218110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear mean reversion in the G7 stock markets
    • Kim, H., Stern, L.V. and Stern, M.L. (2009) Nonlinear mean reversion in the G7 stock markets. Applied Financial Economics 19: 347-355.
    • (2009) Applied Financial Economics , vol.19 , pp. 347-355
    • Kim, H.1    Stern, L.V.2    Stern, M.L.3
  • 180
    • 25444445000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal range for the iid test based on integration across the correlation integral
    • Kočenda, E. and Briatka, L. (2005) Optimal range for the iid test based on integration across the correlation integral. Econometric Reviews 24: 265-296.
    • (2005) Econometric Reviews , vol.24 , pp. 265-296
    • Kočenda, E.1    Briatka, L.2
  • 181
    • 0031158798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using nonlinear dynamics to test for market efficiency among the major U.S. stock exchanges
    • Kohers, T., Pandey, V. and Kohers, G. (1997) Using nonlinear dynamics to test for market efficiency among the major U.S. stock exchanges. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 37: 523-545.
    • (1997) Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance , vol.37 , pp. 523-545
    • Kohers, T.1    Pandey, V.2    Kohers, G.3
  • 184
    • 78651415959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the efficiency of emerging capital markets: the case of the Baltic States
    • Kvedaras, V. and Basdevant, O. (2004) Testing the efficiency of emerging capital markets: the case of the Baltic States. Journal of Probability and Statistical Science 2: 111-138.
    • (2004) Journal of Probability and Statistical Science , vol.2 , pp. 111-138
    • Kvedaras, V.1    Basdevant, O.2
  • 186
    • 70350180960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial reforms and time-varying microstructures in emerging equity markets
    • Lagoarde-Segot, T. (2009) Financial reforms and time-varying microstructures in emerging equity markets. Journal of Banking and Finance 33: 1755-1769.
    • (2009) Journal of Banking and Finance , vol.33 , pp. 1755-1769
    • Lagoarde-Segot, T.1
  • 188
    • 4644239982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial market liberalization and stock market efficiency: the case of Greece
    • Laopodis, N.T. (2003) Financial market liberalization and stock market efficiency: the case of Greece. Managerial Finance 29: 24-41.
    • (2003) Managerial Finance , vol.29 , pp. 24-41
    • Laopodis, N.T.1
  • 189
    • 4644355524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial market liberalization and stock market efficiency: evidence from the Athens Stock Exchange
    • Laopodis, N.T. (2004) Financial market liberalization and stock market efficiency: evidence from the Athens Stock Exchange. Global Finance Journal 15: 103-123.
    • (2004) Global Finance Journal , vol.15 , pp. 103-123
    • Laopodis, N.T.1
  • 190
    • 0042573475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weak-form efficiency and causality tests in Chinese stock markets
    • Laurence, M., Cai, F. and Qian, S. (1997) Weak-form efficiency and causality tests in Chinese stock markets. Multinational Finance Journal 1: 291-307.
    • (1997) Multinational Finance Journal , vol.1 , pp. 291-307
    • Laurence, M.1    Cai, F.2    Qian, S.3
  • 191
    • 34147157333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do Asian stock markets follow a random walk? Evidence from LM unit root tests with one and two structural breaks
    • Lean, H.H. and Smyth, R. (2007) Do Asian stock markets follow a random walk? Evidence from LM unit root tests with one and two structural breaks. Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 10: 15-31.
    • (2007) Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies , vol.10 , pp. 15-31
    • Lean, H.H.1    Smyth, R.2
  • 192
    • 0000567565 scopus 로고
    • Chaos and nonlinear forecastability in economics and finance
    • LeBaron, B. (1994) Chaos and nonlinear forecastability in economics and finance. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 348: 397-404.
    • (1994) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , vol.348 , pp. 397-404
    • LeBaron, B.1
  • 194
    • 43949168783 scopus 로고
    • Testing for neglected nonlinearity in time series models: a comparison of neural network methods and alternative tests
    • Lee, T.H., White, H. and Granger, C.W.J. (1993) Testing for neglected nonlinearity in time series models: a comparison of neural network methods and alternative tests. Journal of Econometrics 56: 269-290.
    • (1993) Journal of Econometrics , vol.56 , pp. 269-290
    • Lee, T.H.1    White, H.2    Granger, C.W.J.3
  • 195
    • 49449114803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling the return predictability evidence
    • Lettau, M. and Nieuwerburgh, S.V. (2008) Reconciling the return predictability evidence. Review of Financial Studies 21: 1607-1652.
    • (2008) Review of Financial Studies , vol.21 , pp. 1607-1652
    • Lettau, M.1    Nieuwerburgh, S.V.2
  • 196
    • 0042320561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • China: further evidence on the evolution of stock markets in transition economies
    • Li, X.M. (2003a) China: further evidence on the evolution of stock markets in transition economies. Scottish Journal of Political Economy 50: 341-358.
    • (2003) Scottish Journal of Political Economy , vol.50 , pp. 341-358
    • Li, X.M.1
  • 197
    • 33845287858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-varying informational efficiency in China's A-share and B-share markets
    • Li, X.M. (2003b) Time-varying informational efficiency in China's A-share and B-share markets. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies 1: 33-56.
    • (2003) Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies , vol.1 , pp. 33-56
    • Li, X.M.1
  • 199
    • 33846180098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranking of efficiency for stock markets: a nonlinear perspective
    • Lim, K.P. (2007) Ranking of efficiency for stock markets: a nonlinear perspective. Physica A 376: 445-454.
    • (2007) Physica A , vol.376 , pp. 445-454
    • Lim, K.P.1
  • 200
    • 57749184320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sectoral efficiency of the Malaysian stock market and the impact of the Asian financial crisis
    • Lim, K.P. (2008a) Sectoral efficiency of the Malaysian stock market and the impact of the Asian financial crisis. Studies in Economics and Finance 25: 196-208.
    • (2008) Studies in Economics and Finance , vol.25 , pp. 196-208
    • Lim, K.P.1
  • 201
    • 38749116966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sectoral impact of shocks: empirical evidence from the Malaysian stock market
    • Lim, K.P. (2008b) Sectoral impact of shocks: empirical evidence from the Malaysian stock market. Applied Financial Economics Letters 4: 35-39.
    • (2008) Applied Financial Economics Letters , vol.4 , pp. 35-39
    • Lim, K.P.1
  • 202
    • 78651418595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolving and relative efficiencies of stock markets: empirical evidence from rolling bicorrelation test statistics. SSRN Working Paper, available at, Last accessed 15 June 2007).
    • Lim, K.P. and Brooks, R.D. (2006) The evolving and relative efficiencies of stock markets: empirical evidence from rolling bicorrelation test statistics. SSRN Working Paper, available at (Last accessed 15 June 2007).
    • (2006)
    • Lim, K.P.1    Brooks, R.D.2
  • 203
    • 58249136090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are Chinese stock markets efficient? Further evidence from a battery of nonlinearity tests
    • Lim, K.P. and Brooks, R.D. (2009a) Are Chinese stock markets efficient? Further evidence from a battery of nonlinearity tests. Applied Financial Economics 19: 147-155.
    • (2009) Applied Financial Economics , vol.19 , pp. 147-155
    • Lim, K.P.1    Brooks, R.D.2
  • 205
    • 65349179594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Price limits and stock market efficiency: evidence from rolling bicorrelation test statistic
    • Lim, K.P. and Brooks, R.D. (2009c) Price limits and stock market efficiency: evidence from rolling bicorrelation test statistic. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 40: 1271-1276.
    • (2009) Chaos, Solitons and Fractals , vol.40 , pp. 1271-1276
    • Lim, K.P.1    Brooks, R.D.2
  • 206
    • 84954358228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do emerging stock markets experience more persistent price deviations from a random walk over time? A country-level analysis
    • forthcoming.
    • Lim, K.P. and Brooks, R.D. (2009d) Why do emerging stock markets experience more persistent price deviations from a random walk over time? A country-level analysis. Macroeconomic Dynamics, forthcoming.
    • (2009) Macroeconomic Dynamics
    • Lim, K.P.1    Brooks, R.D.2
  • 207
    • 78651423091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Events that shook the market: an insight from nonlinear serial dependencies in intraday returns. SSRN Working Paper, available at, Last accessed 15 September 2007).
    • Lim, K.P., Hinich, M.J. and Brooks, R.D. (2006) Events that shook the market: an insight from nonlinear serial dependencies in intraday returns. SSRN Working Paper, available at (Last accessed 15 September 2007).
    • (2006)
    • Lim, K.P.1    Hinich, M.J.2    Brooks, R.D.3
  • 208
    • 78651427037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are stock returns time reversible? International evidence from frequency domain tests. SSRN Working Paper, available at, Last accessed 15 March 2009).
    • Lim, K.P., Brooks, R.D. and Hinich, M.J. (2008a) Are stock returns time reversible? International evidence from frequency domain tests. SSRN Working Paper, available at (Last accessed 15 March 2009).
    • (2008)
    • Lim, K.P.1    Brooks, R.D.2    Hinich, M.J.3
  • 210
    • 44349100374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial crisis and stock market efficiency: empirical evidence from Asian countries
    • Lim, K.P., Brooks, R.D. and Kim, J.H. (2008c) Financial crisis and stock market efficiency: empirical evidence from Asian countries. International Review of Financial Analysis 17: 571-591.
    • (2008) International Review of Financial Analysis , vol.17 , pp. 571-591
    • Lim, K.P.1    Brooks, R.D.2    Kim, J.H.3
  • 212
    • 1842789059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of the random walk hypothesis for equity markets: evidence from China, Hong Kong and Singapore
    • Lima, E.J.A. and Tabak, B.M. (2004) Tests of the random walk hypothesis for equity markets: evidence from China, Hong Kong and Singapore. Applied Economics Letters 11: 255-258.
    • (2004) Applied Economics Letters , vol.11 , pp. 255-258
    • Lima, E.J.A.1    Tabak, B.M.2
  • 213
    • 33646509853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is long memory a property of thin stock markets? International evidence using Arab countries
    • Article 4.
    • Limam, I. (2003) Is long memory a property of thin stock markets? International evidence using Arab countries. Review of Middle East Economics and Finance 1(3): Article 4.
    • (2003) Review of Middle East Economics and Finance , vol.1 , Issue.3
    • Limam, I.1
  • 214
    • 0006127101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are Chinese stock markets efficient? A cointegration and causality analysis
    • Liu, X., Song, H. and Romilly, P. (1997) Are Chinese stock markets efficient? A cointegration and causality analysis. Applied Economics Letters 4: 511-515.
    • (1997) Applied Economics Letters , vol.4 , pp. 511-515
    • Liu, X.1    Song, H.2    Romilly, P.3
  • 216
    • 0000140166 scopus 로고
    • Long-term memory in stock market prices
    • Lo, A.W. (1991) Long-term memory in stock market prices. Econometrica 59: 1279-1313.
    • (1991) Econometrica , vol.59 , pp. 1279-1313
    • Lo, A.W.1
  • 217
    • 0008735323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The three P's of total risk management
    • Lo, A.W. (1999) The three P's of total risk management. Financial Analysts Journal 55(1): 13-26.
    • (1999) Financial Analysts Journal , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-26
    • Lo, A.W.1
  • 219
    • 7544242629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adaptive markets hypothesis: market efficiency from an evolutionary perspective
    • Lo, A.W. (2004) The adaptive markets hypothesis: market efficiency from an evolutionary perspective. Journal of Portfolio Management 30: 15-29.
    • (2004) Journal of Portfolio Management , vol.30 , pp. 15-29
    • Lo, A.W.1
  • 220
    • 33846171140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling efficient markets with behavioral finance: the adaptive markets hypothesis
    • Lo, A.W. (2005) Reconciling efficient markets with behavioral finance: the adaptive markets hypothesis. Journal of Investment Consulting 7(2): 21-44.
    • (2005) Journal of Investment Consulting , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 21-44
    • Lo, A.W.1
  • 221
    • 78651431213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Online
    • In, S.N. Durlauf and, L.E. Blume (eds), 2nd edn (doi:)., New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Lo, A.W. (2008) Efficient markets hypothesis. In S.N. Durlauf and L.E. Blume (eds), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Online, 2nd edn (doi:). New York Palgrave Macmillan.
    • (2008) Efficient markets hypothesis
    • Lo, A.W.1
  • 222
    • 0002484986 scopus 로고
    • Stock market prices do not follow random walks: evidence from a simple specification test
    • Lo, A.W. and MacKinlay, A.C. (1988) Stock market prices do not follow random walks: evidence from a simple specification test. Review of Financial Studies 1: 41-66.
    • (1988) Review of Financial Studies , vol.1 , pp. 41-66
    • Lo, A.W.1    MacKinlay, A.C.2
  • 223
    • 84890594617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Non-random Walk down Wall Street
    • Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
    • Lo, A.W. and MacKinlay, A.C. (1999) A Non-random Walk down Wall Street. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press.
    • (1999)
    • Lo, A.W.1    MacKinlay, A.C.2
  • 224
    • 0036627419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for zero autocorrelation in the presence of statistical dependence
    • Lobato, I.N., Nankervis, J.C. and Savin, N.E. (2002) Testing for zero autocorrelation in the presence of statistical dependence. Econometric Theory 18: 730-743.
    • (2002) Econometric Theory , vol.18 , pp. 730-743
    • Lobato, I.N.1    Nankervis, J.C.2    Savin, N.E.3
  • 225
    • 0042072499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information transmission in the Shanghai equity market
    • Long, D.M., Payne, J.D. and Feng, C. (1999) Information transmission in the Shanghai equity market. Journal of Financial Research 22: 29-45.
    • (1999) Journal of Financial Research , vol.22 , pp. 29-45
    • Long, D.M.1    Payne, J.D.2    Feng, C.3
  • 226
    • 33947523856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on the predictability of UK stock returns
    • Lovatt, D., Boswell, A. and Noor, R. (2007) A note on the predictability of UK stock returns. European Journal of Finance 13: 159-164.
    • (2007) European Journal of Finance , vol.13 , pp. 159-164
    • Lovatt, D.1    Boswell, A.2    Noor, R.3
  • 227
    • 34548714626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating A- and B-share markets in China: the effects of regulatory policy changes on market efficiency
    • Lu, C., Wang, K., Chen, H. and Chong, J. (2007) Integrating A- and B-share markets in China: the effects of regulatory policy changes on market efficiency. Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 10: 309-328.
    • (2007) Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies , vol.10 , pp. 309-328
    • Lu, C.1    Wang, K.2    Chen, H.3    Chong, J.4
  • 228
    • 0012769939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for ARCH in the presence of a possibly misspecified conditional mean
    • Lumsdaine, R.L. and Ng, S. (1999) Testing for ARCH in the presence of a possibly misspecified conditional mean. Journal of Econometrics 93: 257-279.
    • (1999) Journal of Econometrics , vol.93 , pp. 257-279
    • Lumsdaine, R.L.1    Ng, S.2
  • 229
    • 0000894103 scopus 로고
    • Testing linearity against smooth transition autoregressive models
    • Luukkonen, R., Saikkonen, P. and Teräsvirta, T. (1988) Testing linearity against smooth transition autoregressive models. Biometrika 75: 491-499.
    • (1988) Biometrika , vol.75 , pp. 491-499
    • Luukkonen, R.1    Saikkonen, P.2    Teräsvirta, T.3
  • 230
    • 33746528807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Efficiency of China's Stock Market
    • Aldershot, Ashgate.
    • Ma, S. (2004) The Efficiency of China's Stock Market. Aldershot Ashgate.
    • (2004)
    • Ma, S.1
  • 232
    • 26944480774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic trading and market efficiency in an emerging market: the case of the Jordanian capital market
    • Maghyereh, A.I. (2005) Electronic trading and market efficiency in an emerging market: the case of the Jordanian capital market. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 41(4): 5-19.
    • (2005) Emerging Markets Finance and Trade , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 5-19
    • Maghyereh, A.I.1
  • 233
    • 36248978655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for long-range dependence in stock market returns: a further evidence from MENA emerging stock markets
    • Maghyereh, A.I. (2007) Testing for long-range dependence in stock market returns: a further evidence from MENA emerging stock markets. Applied Financial Economics Letters 3: 365-371.
    • (2007) Applied Financial Economics Letters , vol.3 , pp. 365-371
    • Maghyereh, A.I.1
  • 234
    • 44349130611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial liberalization and stock market efficiency: empirical evidence from an emerging market
    • Maghyereh, A.I. and Omet, G. (2002) Financial liberalization and stock market efficiency: empirical evidence from an emerging market. African Finance Journal 4(2): 24-35.
    • (2002) African Finance Journal , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 24-35
    • Maghyereh, A.I.1    Omet, G.2
  • 235
    • 3042771207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficient market hypothesis and its critics
    • Malkiel, B.G. (2003) The efficient market hypothesis and its critics. Journal of Economic Perspectives 17: 59-82.
    • (2003) Journal of Economic Perspectives , vol.17 , pp. 59-82
    • Malkiel, B.G.1
  • 237
    • 0000495913 scopus 로고
    • When can price be arbitraged efficiently? A limit to the validity of the random walk and martingale models
    • Mandelbrot, B.B. (1971) When can price be arbitraged efficiently? A limit to the validity of the random walk and martingale models. Review of Economics and Statistics 53: 225-236.
    • (1971) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.53 , pp. 225-236
    • Mandelbrot, B.B.1
  • 238
    • 0042872754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaotic behavior in national stock market indices: new evidence from the close returns test
    • McKenzie, M.D. (2001) Chaotic behavior in national stock market indices: new evidence from the close returns test. Global Finance Journal 12: 35-53.
    • (2001) Global Finance Journal , vol.12 , pp. 35-53
    • McKenzie, M.D.1
  • 239
    • 84986777926 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic checking ARMA time series models using squared-residual autocorrelations
    • McLeod, A.I. and Li, W.K. (1983) Diagnostic checking ARMA time series models using squared-residual autocorrelations. Journal of Time Series Analysis 4: 269-273.
    • (1983) Journal of Time Series Analysis , vol.4 , pp. 269-273
    • McLeod, A.I.1    Li, W.K.2
  • 240
    • 35348873706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are international stock returns predictable? An examination of linear and non-linear predictability using generalized spectral tests
    • McPherson, M.Q. and Palardy, J. (2007) Are international stock returns predictable? An examination of linear and non-linear predictability using generalized spectral tests. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 17: 452-464.
    • (2007) Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money , vol.17 , pp. 452-464
    • McPherson, M.Q.1    Palardy, J.2
  • 241
    • 16844383026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are international stock returns predictable? An application of spectral shape tests corrected for heteroskedasticity
    • McPherson, M.Q., Palardy, J. and Vilasuso, J. (2005) Are international stock returns predictable? An application of spectral shape tests corrected for heteroskedasticity. Journal of Economics and Business 57: 103-118.
    • (2005) Journal of Economics and Business , vol.57 , pp. 103-118
    • McPherson, M.Q.1    Palardy, J.2    Vilasuso, J.3
  • 242
    • 38349033361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The obstinate passion of foreign exchange professionals: technical analysis
    • Menkhoff, L. and Taylor, M.P. (2007) The obstinate passion of foreign exchange professionals: technical analysis. Journal of Economic Literature 45: 936-972.
    • (2007) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.45 , pp. 936-972
    • Menkhoff, L.1    Taylor, M.P.2
  • 243
    • 33847014052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient capital markets: a statistical definition and comments
    • Milionis, A.E. (2007) Efficient capital markets: a statistical definition and comments. Statistics and Probability Letters 77: 607-613.
    • (2007) Statistics and Probability Letters , vol.77 , pp. 607-613
    • Milionis, A.E.1
  • 244
    • 84993767804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market efficiency in emerging stock market: evidence from Bangladesh
    • Mobarek, A., Mollah, A.S. and Bhuyan, R. (2008) Market efficiency in emerging stock market: evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Emerging Market Finance 7: 17-41.
    • (2008) Journal of Emerging Market Finance , vol.7 , pp. 17-41
    • Mobarek, A.1    Mollah, A.S.2    Bhuyan, R.3
  • 245
    • 34848923328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing weak-form market efficiency in emerging market: evidence from Botswana Stock Exchange
    • Mollah, A.S. (2007) Testing weak-form market efficiency in emerging market: evidence from Botswana Stock Exchange. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 10: 1077-1094.
    • (2007) International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance , vol.10 , pp. 1077-1094
    • Mollah, A.S.1
  • 246
    • 0042079546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical analysis of the equity markets in China
    • Mookerjee, R. and Yu, Q. (1999) An empirical analysis of the equity markets in China. Review of Financial Economics 8: 41-60.
    • (1999) Review of Financial Economics , vol.8 , pp. 41-60
    • Mookerjee, R.1    Yu, Q.2
  • 247
    • 0001373089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The information content of stock markets: why do emerging markets have synchronous stock price movements
    • Morck, R., Yeung, B. and Yu, W. (2000) The information content of stock markets: why do emerging markets have synchronous stock price movements Journal of Financial Economics 58: 215-260.
    • (2000) Journal of Financial Economics , vol.58 , pp. 215-260
    • Morck, R.1    Yeung, B.2    Yu, W.3
  • 248
    • 38149144691 scopus 로고
    • Volume, volatility, liquidity and efficiency of the Singapore Stock Exchange before and after automation
    • Naidu, G.N. and Rozeff, M.S. (1994) Volume, volatility, liquidity and efficiency of the Singapore Stock Exchange before and after automation. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 2: 23-42.
    • (1994) Pacific-Basin Finance Journal , vol.2 , pp. 23-42
    • Naidu, G.N.1    Rozeff, M.S.2
  • 249
    • 27744510745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are the Australian and New Zealand stock prices nonlinear with a unit root
    • Narayan, P.K. (2005) Are the Australian and New Zealand stock prices nonlinear with a unit root Applied Economics 37: 2161-2166.
    • (2005) Applied Economics , vol.37 , pp. 2161-2166
    • Narayan, P.K.1
  • 250
    • 33644905543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The behaviour of US stock prices: evidence from a threshold autoregressive model
    • Narayan, P.K. (2006) The behaviour of US stock prices: evidence from a threshold autoregressive model. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 71: 103-108.
    • (2006) Mathematics and Computers in Simulation , vol.71 , pp. 103-108
    • Narayan, P.K.1
  • 251
    • 40649105503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do shocks to G7 stock prices have a permanent effect? Evidence from panel unit root tests with structural change
    • Narayan, P.K. (2008) Do shocks to G7 stock prices have a permanent effect? Evidence from panel unit root tests with structural change. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 77: 369-373.
    • (2008) Mathematics and Computers in Simulation , vol.77 , pp. 369-373
    • Narayan, P.K.1
  • 252
    • 84993064650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean reversion in stock prices: new evidence from panel unit root tests
    • Narayan, P.K. and Narayan, S. (2007) Mean reversion in stock prices: new evidence from panel unit root tests. Studies in Economics and Finance 24: 233-244.
    • (2007) Studies in Economics and Finance , vol.24 , pp. 233-244
    • Narayan, P.K.1    Narayan, S.2
  • 253
    • 36749025595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean reversion in stock prices: new evidence from panel unit root tests for seventeen European countries
    • Narayan, P.K. and Prasad, A. (2007) Mean reversion in stock prices: new evidence from panel unit root tests for seventeen European countries. Economics Bulletin 3(34): 1-6.
    • (2007) Economics Bulletin , vol.3 , Issue.34 , pp. 1-6
    • Narayan, P.K.1    Prasad, A.2
  • 254
    • 33847032109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mean reversion versus random walk in G7 stock prices: evidence from multiple trend break unit root tests
    • Narayan, P.K. and Smyth, R. (2007) Mean reversion versus random walk in G7 stock prices: evidence from multiple trend break unit root tests. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 17: 152-166.
    • (2007) Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money , vol.17 , pp. 152-166
    • Narayan, P.K.1    Smyth, R.2
  • 256
    • 0003831870 scopus 로고
    • An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change
    • Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
    • Nelson, R.R. and Winter, S.G. (1982) An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.
    • (1982)
    • Nelson, R.R.1    Winter, S.G.2
  • 257
    • 78651443649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical re-examination of the weak form efficient markets hypothesis of the Ghana stock market using variance-ratios tests
    • Ntim, C.G., Opong, K.K. and Danbolt, J. (2007) An empirical re-examination of the weak form efficient markets hypothesis of the Ghana stock market using variance-ratios tests. African Finance Journal 9(2): 1-25.
    • (2007) African Finance Journal , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-25
    • Ntim, C.G.1    Opong, K.K.2    Danbolt, J.3
  • 258
    • 36749019719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term memory and volatility clustering in high-frequency price changes
    • Oh, G., Kim, S. and Eom, C. (2008) Long-term memory and volatility clustering in high-frequency price changes. Physica A 387: 1247-1254.
    • (2008) Physica A , vol.387 , pp. 1247-1254
    • Oh, G.1    Kim, S.2    Eom, C.3
  • 259
    • 40549127476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient market hypothesis: evidence from a small open-economy
    • Ozdemir, Z.A. (2008) Efficient market hypothesis: evidence from a small open-economy. Applied Economics 40: 633-641.
    • (2008) Applied Economics , vol.40 , pp. 633-641
    • Ozdemir, Z.A.1
  • 260
    • 22144464831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market capitalization and efficiency: does it matter? Evidence from the Athens Stock Exchange
    • Panagiotidis, T. (2005) Market capitalization and efficiency: does it matter? Evidence from the Athens Stock Exchange. Applied Financial Economics 15: 707-713.
    • (2005) Applied Financial Economics , vol.15 , pp. 707-713
    • Panagiotidis, T.1
  • 261
    • 78651441308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Market efficiency and the Euro: the case of the Athens stock exchange
    • doi:.
    • Panagiotidis, T. (2009) Market efficiency and the Euro: the case of the Athens stock exchange. Empirica, doi:.
    • (2009) Empirica
    • Panagiotidis, T.1
  • 262
    • 34547885376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do we know about the profitability of technical analysis
    • Park, C.H. and Irwin, S.H. (2007) What do we know about the profitability of technical analysis Journal of Economic Surveys 21: 786-826.
    • (2007) Journal of Economic Surveys , vol.21 , pp. 786-826
    • Park, C.H.1    Irwin, S.H.2
  • 263
    • 0012209345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Nonlinear Time Series Workshop: A Toolkit for Detecting and Identifying Nonlinear Serial Dependence
    • Boston, MA, Kluwer Academic.
    • Patterson, D.M. and Ashley, R.A. (2000) A Nonlinear Time Series Workshop: A Toolkit for Detecting and Identifying Nonlinear Serial Dependence. Boston, MA Kluwer Academic.
    • (2000)
    • Patterson, D.M.1    Ashley, R.A.2
  • 266
    • 0001146404 scopus 로고
    • A portmanteau test for self-exciting threshold autoregressive-type nonlinearity in time series
    • Petruccelli, J.D. and Davies, N. (1986) A portmanteau test for self-exciting threshold autoregressive-type nonlinearity in time series. Biometrika 73: 687-694.
    • (1986) Biometrika , vol.73 , pp. 687-694
    • Petruccelli, J.D.1    Davies, N.2
  • 267
    • 63849255056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A robust Cusum test for SETAR-type nonlinearity in time series
    • Petruccelli, J.D., Onofrei, A. and Wilbur, J.D. (2009) A robust Cusum test for SETAR-type nonlinearity in time series. Journal of Forecasting 28: 266-276.
    • (2009) Journal of Forecasting , vol.28 , pp. 266-276
    • Petruccelli, J.D.1    Onofrei, A.2    Wilbur, J.D.3
  • 268
    • 33749037987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are emerging stock market price indices really stationary
    • Phengpis, C. (2006) Are emerging stock market price indices really stationary Applied Financial Economics 16: 931-939.
    • (2006) Applied Financial Economics , vol.16 , pp. 931-939
    • Phengpis, C.1
  • 269
    • 33845402770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of predictability of European stock markets for high-technology firms
    • Pierdzioch, C. and Schertler, A. (2007) Sources of predictability of European stock markets for high-technology firms. European Journal of Finance 13: 1-27.
    • (2007) European Journal of Finance , vol.13 , pp. 1-27
    • Pierdzioch, C.1    Schertler, A.2
  • 270
    • 49549101098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing time-reversibility under minimal assumptions
    • Psaradakis, Z. (2008) Assessing time-reversibility under minimal assumptions. Journal of Time Series Analysis 29: 881-905.
    • (2008) Journal of Time Series Analysis , vol.29 , pp. 881-905
    • Psaradakis, Z.1
  • 271
    • 36448979240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear behaviour of the Chinese SSEC index with a unit root: evidence from threshold unit root tests
    • Qian, X.Y., Song, F.T. and Zhou, W.X. (2008) Nonlinear behaviour of the Chinese SSEC index with a unit root: evidence from threshold unit root tests. Physica A 387: 503-510.
    • (2008) Physica A , vol.387 , pp. 503-510
    • Qian, X.Y.1    Song, F.T.2    Zhou, W.X.3
  • 272
    • 34247343770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A versatile and robust metric entropy test of time-reversibility, and other hypotheses
    • Racine, J.S. and Maasoumi, E. (2007) A versatile and robust metric entropy test of time-reversibility, and other hypotheses. Journal of Econometrics 138: 547-567.
    • (2007) Journal of Econometrics , vol.138 , pp. 547-567
    • Racine, J.S.1    Maasoumi, E.2
  • 273
    • 45249115257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Random walk and breaking trend in financial series: an econometric critique of unit root tests
    • Rahman, A. and Saadi, S. (2008) Random walk and breaking trend in financial series: an econometric critique of unit root tests. Review of Financial Economics 17: 204-212.
    • (2008) Review of Financial Economics , vol.17 , pp. 204-212
    • Rahman, A.1    Saadi, S.2
  • 275
    • 33646184011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural breaks and predictive regression models of aggregate U.S. stock returns
    • Rapach, D.E. and Wohar, M.E. (2006) Structural breaks and predictive regression models of aggregate U.S. stock returns. Journal of Financial Econometrics 4: 238-274.
    • (2006) Journal of Financial Econometrics , vol.4 , pp. 238-274
    • Rapach, D.E.1    Wohar, M.E.2
  • 276
    • 78651429963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The empirical properties of some popular estimators of long memory processes. Working Paper, University of Canterbury
    • Rea, W., Oxley, L., Reale, M. and Brown, J. (2008) The empirical properties of some popular estimators of long memory processes. Working Paper, University of Canterbury .
    • (2008)
    • Rea, W.1    Oxley, L.2    Reale, M.3    Brown, J.4
  • 277
    • 0000649048 scopus 로고
    • Tests of financial models in the presence of overlapping observations
    • Richardson, M. and Smith, T. (1991) Tests of financial models in the presence of overlapping observations. Review of Financial Studies 4: 227-254.
    • (1991) Review of Financial Studies , vol.4 , pp. 227-254
    • Richardson, M.1    Smith, T.2
  • 278
    • 21344446855 scopus 로고
    • Gaussian semiparametric estimation of long range dependence
    • Robinson, P.M. (1995) Gaussian semiparametric estimation of long range dependence. Annals of Statistics 23: 1630-1661.
    • (1995) Annals of Statistics , vol.23 , pp. 1630-1661
    • Robinson, P.M.1
  • 279
    • 0037816884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of stock markets in transition economies
    • Rockinger, M. and Urga, G. (2000) The evolution of stock markets in transition economies. Journal of Comparative Economics 28: 456-472.
    • (2000) Journal of Comparative Economics , vol.28 , pp. 456-472
    • Rockinger, M.1    Urga, G.2
  • 280
    • 0035584627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A time-varying parameter model to test for predictability and integration in the stock markets of transition economies
    • Rockinger, M. and Urga, G. (2001) A time-varying parameter model to test for predictability and integration in the stock markets of transition economies. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 19: 73-84.
    • (2001) Journal of Business and Economic Statistics , vol.19 , pp. 73-84
    • Rockinger, M.1    Urga, G.2
  • 282
    • 0037686998 scopus 로고
    • Securities market efficiency in an Arrow-Debreu economy
    • Rubinstein, M. (1975) Securities market efficiency in an Arrow-Debreu economy. American Economic Review 65: 812-824.
    • (1975) American Economic Review , vol.65 , pp. 812-824
    • Rubinstein, M.1
  • 283
    • 0002970929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational markets: yes or no? The affirmative case
    • Rubinstein, M. (2001) Rational markets: yes or no? The affirmative case. Financial Analysts Journal 57(3): 15-29.
    • (2001) Financial Analysts Journal , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 15-29
    • Rubinstein, M.1
  • 285
    • 0036065476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Korean stock prices under price limits: variance ratio tests of random walks
    • Ryoo, H.J. and Smith, G. (2002) Korean stock prices under price limits: variance ratio tests of random walks. Applied Financial Economics 12: 545-553.
    • (2002) Applied Financial Economics , vol.12 , pp. 545-553
    • Ryoo, H.J.1    Smith, G.2
  • 287
    • 0001376652 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear dynamics and stock returns
    • Scheinkman, J.A. and LeBaron, B. (1989) Nonlinear dynamics and stock returns. Journal of Business 62: 311-337.
    • (1989) Journal of Business , vol.62 , pp. 311-337
    • Scheinkman, J.A.1    LeBaron, B.2
  • 288
    • 33747367762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-synchronous trading and testing for market integration in Central European emerging markets
    • Schotman, P.C. and Zalewska, A. (2006) Non-synchronous trading and testing for market integration in Central European emerging markets. Journal of Empirical Finance 13: 462-494.
    • (2006) Journal of Empirical Finance , vol.13 , pp. 462-494
    • Schotman, P.C.1    Zalewska, A.2
  • 289
    • 7244231862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of the Economics of Finance
    • In, G.M. Constantinides, M. Harris and, R.M. Stulz (eds) , Amsterdam, North-Holland.
    • Schwert, G.W. (2003) Anomalies and market efficiency. In G.M. Constantinides, M. Harris and R.M. Stulz (eds), Handbook of the Economics of Finance (pp. 937-972). Amsterdam North-Holland.
    • (2003) Anomalies and market efficiency , pp. 937-972
    • Schwert, G.W.1
  • 290
    • 33847018057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric stationarity in national stock market indices: an MTAR analysis
    • Self, J.K. and Mathur, I. (2006) Asymmetric stationarity in national stock market indices: an MTAR analysis. Journal of Business 79: 3153-3174.
    • (2006) Journal of Business , vol.79 , pp. 3153-3174
    • Self, J.K.1    Mathur, I.2
  • 292
    • 0037410985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No evidence of chaos but some evidence of dependence in the US stock market
    • Serletis, A. and Shintani, M. (2003) No evidence of chaos but some evidence of dependence in the US stock market. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 17: 449-454.
    • (2003) Chaos, Solitons and Fractals , vol.17 , pp. 449-454
    • Serletis, A.1    Shintani, M.2
  • 294
    • 1542400411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric neural network estimation of Lyapunov exponents and a direct test for chaos
    • Shintani, M. and Linton, O. (2004) Nonparametric neural network estimation of Lyapunov exponents and a direct test for chaos. Journal of Econometrics 120: 1-33.
    • (2004) Journal of Econometrics , vol.120 , pp. 1-33
    • Shintani, M.1    Linton, O.2
  • 295
    • 84959810873 scopus 로고
    • A behavioral model of rational choice
    • Simon, H.A. (1955) A behavioral model of rational choice. Quarterly Journal of Economics 69: 99-118.
    • (1955) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.69 , pp. 99-118
    • Simon, H.A.1
  • 297
    • 34247634571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Random walks in Middle Eastern stock markets
    • Smith, G. (2007) Random walks in Middle Eastern stock markets. Applied Financial Economics 17: 587-596.
    • (2007) Applied Financial Economics , vol.17 , pp. 587-596
    • Smith, G.1
  • 298
    • 48249104833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquidity and the informational efficiency of African stock markets
    • Smith, G. (2008) Liquidity and the informational efficiency of African stock markets. South African Journal of Economics 76: 161-175.
    • (2008) South African Journal of Economics , vol.76 , pp. 161-175
    • Smith, G.1
  • 299
    • 67650970737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Martingales in European emerging stock markets: size, liquidity and market quality
    • Smith, G. (2009) Martingales in European emerging stock markets: size, liquidity and market quality. European Journal of Finance 15: 249-262.
    • (2009) European Journal of Finance , vol.15 , pp. 249-262
    • Smith, G.1
  • 300
    • 34548574275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A non-parametric assessment of weak-form efficiency in the UAE financial markets
    • Squalli, J. (2006) A non-parametric assessment of weak-form efficiency in the UAE financial markets. Applied Financial Economics 16: 1365-1373.
    • (2006) Applied Financial Economics , vol.16 , pp. 1365-1373
    • Squalli, J.1
  • 301
    • 2442579426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting output and inflation: the role of asset prices
    • Stock, J.H. and Watson, M.W. (2003) Forecasting output and inflation: the role of asset prices. Journal of Economic Literature 41: 788-829.
    • (2003) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.41 , pp. 788-829
    • Stock, J.H.1    Watson, M.W.2
  • 302
    • 0038322955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The random walk hypothesis and the behaviour of foreign capital portfolio flows: the Brazilian stock market case
    • Tabak, B.M. (2003) The random walk hypothesis and the behaviour of foreign capital portfolio flows: the Brazilian stock market case. Applied Financial Economics 13: 369-378.
    • (2003) Applied Financial Economics , vol.13 , pp. 369-378
    • Tabak, B.M.1
  • 305
    • 56149103843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic dependencies in Central and Eastern Europe stock markets
    • Todea, A. and Zoicas-Ienciu, A. (2008) Episodic dependencies in Central and Eastern Europe stock markets. Applied Economics Letters 15: 1123-1126.
    • (2008) Applied Economics Letters , vol.15 , pp. 1123-1126
    • Todea, A.1    Zoicas-Ienciu, A.2
  • 306
    • 0001146403 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinearity tests for time series
    • Tsay, R.S. (1986) Nonlinearity tests for time series. Biometrika 73: 461-466.
    • (1986) Biometrika , vol.73 , pp. 461-466
    • Tsay, R.S.1
  • 307
    • 84950428199 scopus 로고
    • Testing and modeling threshold autoregressive processes
    • Tsay, R.S. (1989) Testing and modeling threshold autoregressive processes. Journal of the American Statistical Association 84: 231-240.
    • (1989) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.84 , pp. 231-240
    • Tsay, R.S.1
  • 308
    • 85100687359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of Financial Time Series
    • Hoboken, NJ, Wiley.
    • Tsay, R.S. (2005) Analysis of Financial Time Series. Hoboken, NJ Wiley.
    • (2005)
    • Tsay, R.S.1
  • 309
    • 49449095257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive look at the empirical performance of equity premium prediction
    • Welch, I. and Goyal, A. (2008) A comprehensive look at the empirical performance of equity premium prediction. Review of Financial Studies 21: 1455-1508.
    • (2008) Review of Financial Studies , vol.21 , pp. 1455-1508
    • Welch, I.1    Goyal, A.2
  • 310
    • 0037401427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiple variance ratio test using subsampling
    • Whang, Y.J. and Kim, J. (2003) A multiple variance ratio test using subsampling. Economics Letters 79: 225-230.
    • (2003) Economics Letters , vol.79 , pp. 225-230
    • Whang, Y.J.1    Kim, J.2
  • 311
    • 0002835545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The asymptotic distribution of nonparametric estimates of the Lyapunov exponent for stochastic time series
    • Whang, Y.J. and Linton, O. (1999) The asymptotic distribution of nonparametric estimates of the Lyapunov exponent for stochastic time series. Journal of Econometrics 91: 1-42.
    • (1999) Journal of Econometrics , vol.91 , pp. 1-42
    • Whang, Y.J.1    Linton, O.2
  • 312
    • 78651428463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of trimming to improve the performance of tests for nonlinear serial dependence with application to the Australian national electricity market. Working Paper, University of Queensland
    • Wild, P., Hinich, M.J. and Foster, J. (2008) The use of trimming to improve the performance of tests for nonlinear serial dependence with application to the Australian national electricity market. Working Paper, University of Queensland .
    • (2008)
    • Wild, P.1    Hinich, M.J.2    Foster, J.3
  • 313
  • 316
    • 0041764373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Martingale property of exchange rates and central bank interventions
    • Yilmaz, K. (2003) Martingale property of exchange rates and central bank interventions. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 21: 383-395.
    • (2003) Journal of Business and Economic Statistics , vol.21 , pp. 383-395
    • Yilmaz, K.1
  • 317
    • 0033431309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the first stages of market performance: a test for evolving market efficiency
    • Zalewska-Mitura, A. and Hall, S.G. (1999) Examining the first stages of market performance: a test for evolving market efficiency. Economics Letters 64: 1-12.
    • (1999) Economics Letters , vol.64 , pp. 1-12
    • Zalewska-Mitura, A.1    Hall, S.G.2
  • 318
    • 52849133054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do market participants learn? The case of the Budapest Stock Exchange
    • Zalewska-Mitura, A. and Hall, S.G. (2000) Do market participants learn? The case of the Budapest Stock Exchange. Economics of Planning 33: 3-18.
    • (2000) Economics of Planning , vol.33 , pp. 3-18
    • Zalewska-Mitura, A.1    Hall, S.G.2
  • 319
    • 45949107254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A variance ratio test of the behaviour of Chinese stock indices
    • Zhang, B. and Li, X. (2008) A variance ratio test of the behaviour of Chinese stock indices. Applied Economics Letters 15: 567-571.
    • (2008) Applied Economics Letters , vol.15 , pp. 567-571
    • Zhang, B.1    Li, X.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.