Topography of the Calabria subduction zone (southern Italy): Clues for the origin of Mt. Etna

Tectonics

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2011, Pages

  Faccenna, C ^a,b   Molin, P ^a   Orecchio, B ^c,d   Olivetti, V ^a   Bellier, O ^e   Funiciello, F ^a   Minelli, L ^f   Piromallo, C ^g   Billi, A ^b  

^a ROMA TRE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^b CNR   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA   (Italy)

^e CEREGE   (France)

^f SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^g ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEISMIC WAVES; SOIL CONSERVATION; TECTONICS;

DENUDATION RATES; ELEVATION DATA; HIGH RESOLUTION; LONG WAVELENGTH; LOW-VELOCITY ANOMALY; MANTLE CIRCULATION; MANTLE UPWELLINGS; MOUNT ETNA; MT. ETNA; NORMAL FAULTS; NUMERICAL SIMULATION; P WAVES; RETURN FLOW; SEISMIC VELOCITIES; SLAB EDGES; SOUTHERN ITALY; SUBDUCTION ZONES; SURFACE DEFORMATION; TOMOGRAPHIC; WADATI-BENIOFF ZONES;

DEFORMATION;

DEFORMATION; DENUDATION; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; MELTING; NORMAL FAULT; SEISMIC VELOCITY; SUBDUCTION ZONE; TOPOGRAPHY; UPLIFT; VOLCANISM; VOLCANO;

CALABRIAN ARC; CATANIA [SICILY]; ETNA; ITALY; SICILY;

EID: 78651284984     PISSN: 02787407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010TC002694     Document Type: Article

References (150)

1. Anderson, H., and J. Jackson (1987), Active tectonics of the Adriatic Region, Geophys. J. R. Astronom. Soc, 91, 937-983.
2. Antonioli, F., L. Ferranti, K. Lambeck, S. Kershaw, V. Verrubbi, and G. Dai Pra (2006a), Late Pleistocene to Holocene record of changing uplift rates in southern Calabria and northeastern Sicily (southern Italy, central Mediterranean Sea), Tectonophysics, 422, 23-40.
3. Antonioli, F., S. Kershaw, P. Renda, D. Rust, G. Belluomini, U. Radtke, and S. Silenzi (2006b), Elevation of the last interglacial highstand in Sicily (Italy): A benchmark of coastal tectonics, Quat. Int., 145-146, 3-18, doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2005.07.002. (Pubitemid 43064689)
4. Antonioli, F., et al. (2009), Holocene relative sea level changes and vertical movements along the Italian and Istrian coastlines, Quat. Int., 206, 102-133.
5. Argnani, A., S. Cornini, L. Torelli, and N. Zitellini (1987), Diachronous foredeep-system in the Neogene-Quaternary of the Strait of Sicily, Mem. Soc. Geol. It, 38, 407-417.
6. Balescu, S., B. Dumas, P. Guermy, M. Lamothe, R. Lhenaff, and J. Raffy (1997), Thermolumines-cence dating test of Pleistocene sediments from uplifted shorelines along the southwest coastline of the Calabrian peninsula (southern Italy), Palaeo-geogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol, 130, 25-41.
7. Barberi, G., M. T. Cosentino, A. Gervasi, I. Guerra, G. Neri, and B. Orecchio (2004), Crustal seismic tomography in the Calabrian Arc region, south Italy, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 147, 297-314.
8. Bardají, T., J. L. Goy, C. Zazo, C. Hillaire-Marcel, C. J. Dabrio, A. Cabero, B. Ghaleb, P.G. Silva, and J. Lario (2009), Sea level and climate changes during OIS 5e in the Western Mediterranean, Geomorphology, 104, 22-37.
9. Barrier, P., I. Di Geronimo, and G. Lanzafame (1986), I rapporti tra tettonica e sedimentazione nelPevoluzione recente delPAspromonte Occiden-tale (Calabria), Riv. It. Paleont. Strat., 91, 537-556.
10. Billen, M. I., M. Gurnis, and M. Simons (2003), Mul-tiscale dynamic models of the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone, Geophys. J. Int., 153, 359-388.
11. Billi, A., G. Barberi, C. Faccenna, G. Neri, F. Pepe, and A. Sulli (2006), Tectonics and seismicity of the Tindari Fault System, southern Italy: Crustal deformations at the transition between ongoing contractional and extensional domains located above the edge of a subducting slab, Tectonics, 25, TC2006, doi:10.1029/2004TC001763. (Pubitemid 43949973)
12. Billi, A.,D.Presti, C. Faccenna, G. Neri, andB. Orecchio (2007), Seismotectonics of the Nubia plate compressive margin in the south-Tyrrhenian region, Italy: Clues for subduction inception, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B08302, doi:10.1029/2006JB004837. (Pubitemid 47578262)
13. Billi, A., D. Presti, B. Orecchio, C. Faccenna, and G. Neri (2010), Incipient extension along the active convergent margin of Nubia in Sicily, Italy: Cefalù-Etna seismic zone, Tectonics, 29, TC4026, doi:10.1029/2009TC002559.
14. Bordoni, P., and G. Valensise (1998), Deformation of the 125 ka marine terrace in Italy: Tectonic implications, in Coastal Tectonics, edited by I. S. Stewart and C. Vita-Finzi, Geol. Soc. Spec.Publ, 146, 71-110.
15. Bousquet, J.C., P. Carveni, G. Lanzafame, H. Philip, and L. Tortorici (1980), La distension pleistocene sur le bord oriental du detroit de Messina: Analogies entre les resultats microtectoniques et le meca-nisme au foyer du sisme de 1908, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 22, 327-336.
16. Buiter, S. J. H., R Govers, and M. J. R. Wortel (2002), Two-dimensional simulations of surface deformation caused by slab detachment, Tectonophysics, 354, 195-210.
17. Burrus, J. (1984), Contribution to a geodynamic synthesis of the Provençal basin (northwestern Mediterranean), Mar. Geol, 55, 247-269.
18. Caló, M., C. Dorbath, D. Luzio, S. G. Rotolo, and G. DAnna (2009), Local earthquake tomography in the southern Tyrrhenian region of Italy: Geophysical and petrological inferences on the subducting lithosphere, in Subduction Zone Geodynamics, edited by S. Lallemand and F. Funiciello, pp. 85-99, Springer, New York.
19. Caputo, R., M. Bianca, and R DOnofrio (2010), Ionian marine terraces of southern Italy: Insights into the Quaternary tectonic evolution of the area, Tectonics, 29, TC4005, doi:10.1029/2009TC002625.
20. Carminati, E., R Wortel, W. Spakman, and R Sabadini (1998), The role of slab-detachment processes in the opening of the western-central Mediterranean basins: Some geological and geophysical evidence, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 160, 651-665, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00118-6. (Pubitemid 29105727)
21. Casero, P., andF. Roure (1994), Neogene deformations at the Sicilian-North African Plate boundary, in Peri Tethyan Platforms, edited by F. Roure, pp. 27-50, Editions Technip, Paris.
22. Catalano, R., C. Doglioni, and S. Merlini (2001), On the Mesozoic Ionian basin, Geophys. J. Int., 144,49-64.
23. Catalano, S., G. De Guidi, C. Monaco, G. Tortorici, and L. Tortorici (2003), Long-term behavior of the late Quaternary normal faults in the Straits of Messina area (Calabrian arc): Structural and morphological constraints, Quat. Int., 101-102, 81-91.
24. Catalano, S., G. De Guidi, G Romagnoli, S. Torrisi, G. Tortorici, and L. Tortorici (2008), The migration of plate boundaries in SE Sicily: Influence on the large-scale kinematic model of the African promontory in southern Italy, Tectonophysics, 449, 41-62 doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.12.003.
25. Cella, F., S. De Lorenzo, M. Fedi, M. Loddo, F. Mongelli, A. Rapolla, and G Zito (2006), Temperature and density of the Tyrrhenian lithosphere and slab and new interpretation of gravity field in the Tyrrhenian Basin, Tectonophysics, 412, 27-47, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2005.08.025. (Pubitemid 43040395)
26. Cello, G., I. Guerra, L. Tortorici, E. Turco, and R. Scarpa (1982), Geometry of the neotectonic stress field in southern Italy: Geological and seismological evidence, J. Struct. Geol, 4, 385-393.
27. Chapell, J., A. Omura, T. Esat, M. McCullogh, J. Pandolfi, Y. Ota, and B. Pillans (1996), Reconciliation of late Quaternary sea levels derived from coral terraces at Huon Peninsula with deep sea oxygen isotope records, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 141, 227-236.
28. Cherchi, A., and L. Montandert (1982), Oligo-Miocene rift of Sardinia and the early history of the Western Mediterranean basin, Nature, 298, 736-739.
29. Chiarabba, C, L. Jovane, and R. Di Stefano (2005), A new view of Italian seismicity using 20 years of instrumental recordings, Tectonophysics, 395, 251-268.
30. Chiarabba, C, P. De Gori, and F. Speranza (2008), The southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone: Deep geometry, magmatism, and Plio-Pleistocene evolution, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 268, 408-423; doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.036.
31. Ciaranfi, N., F. Ghisetti, M. Guida, G. Iaccarino, P. Pieri, L. Rapisardi, G. Ricchetti, M. Torre, L Tortorici, and L Vezzani (1983), Carta neotettonica dellItalia meridionale, Prog. Fin. Geod., 515, 62 pp., Cons. Naz. Ric, Bari, Italy.
32. Cifelli, F., F. Rossetti, and M. Mattei (2007a), The architecture of brittle postorogenic extension: Results from an integrated structural and paleo-magnetic study in North Calabria (Southern Italy), Geol. Soc. Am. Bull, 119, 221-239; doi:10.1130/B25900.1. (Pubitemid 46152043)
33. Cifelli, F., M. Mattei, and F. Rossetti (2007b), Tectonic evolution of arcuate mountain belts on top of a retreating subduction slab: The example of the Calabrian Arc, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B09101, doi:10.1029/2006JB004848. (Pubitemid 350091237)
34. Civello, S., and L. Margheriti (2004), Toroidal mantle flow around the Calabrian slab (Italy) from SKS splitting, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L10601, doi:10.1029/2004GL019607. (Pubitemid 39102727)
35. Cosentino, D., and E. Gliozzi (1989), Sulle velocità di sollevamento di depositi Eutirreniani dell Italia Meridionale e della Sicilia, Mem. Soc. Geol. It, 41, 653-665.
36. Cyr, A. J. (2009), Quantifying relationships between erosion and uplift in tectonically active landscapes, Italy, using cosmogenic nuclides and channel morphometry, Ph.D. thesis, 209 pp., Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
37. Cyr, A. J., and D. E. Granger (2008), Dynamic equilibrium among erosion, river incision, and coastal uplift in the northern Apennines, Italy, Geology, 36, 103-106.
38. DAgostino, N, and D. McKenzie (1999), Convective support of long-wavelength topography in the Apennines, Terra Nova, 11, 234-238.
39. DAgostino, N., and G. Selvaggi (2004), Crustal motion along the Eurasia-Nubia plate boundary in the Calabrian Arc and Sicily and active extension in the Messina Straits from GPS measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B11402, doi:10.1029/2004JB002998. (Pubitemid 40294850)
40. DAgostino, N., J. A. Jackson, F. Dramis, and R. Funiciello (2001), Interactions between mantle upwelling, drainage evolution, and active normal faulting: An example from the central Apennines (Italy), Geophys. J. Int., 147, 475-497.
41. De Franco, R., R. Govers, and R. Wortel (2008), Dynamics of continental collision: Influence of the plate contact, Geophys. J. Int., 174, 1101-1120, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03857.x.
42. Devoti, R., F. Riguzzi, M. Cuffaro, and C. Doglioni (2008), New GPS constraints on the kinematics of the Apennines subduction, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 273, 163-174.
43. Di Giuseppe, E., J. van Hunen, F. Funiciello, C. Faccenna, and D. Giardini (2008), Slab stiffness control of trench motion: Insights from numerical models, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst, 9, Q02014, doi:10.1029/ 2007GC001776.
44. Doglioni, C, S. Merlini, and G. Cantarella (1999), Foredeep geometries at the front of the Apennines in the Ionian sea (central Mediterranean), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 168, 243-254, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00059-X. (Pubitemid 29363372)
45. Doglioni, C, F. Innocenti, and G. Mariotti (2001), Why Mt Etna?, Terra Nova, 13, 25-31.
46. Doglioni, C, E. Carminati, M. Cuffaro, and D. Scrocca (2007), Subduction kinematics and dynamic constraints, Earth Sci. Rev., 83, 125-175, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.04.001. (Pubitemid 47082328)
47. Dramis, F., B. Gentili, and G. Pambianchi (1990), Geo-morphological scheme of the River Trionto basin, in Symposium on Geomorphology of Active Tectonic Area, Excursion Guidebook, pp. 63-66, Int. Geogr. Union, Com. Meas. Theory Appl. Geomorphol., and Cons. Naz. Ric, Cosenza, Italy.
48. Dumas, B., P. Gueremy, R. Lhenaff, and J. Raffy (1982), Le soulevement quaternaire de la Calabrie meridionale, Rev. Géol. Dynam. Géogr. Phys., 23, 27-40.
49. Dumas, B., P. Gueremy, and J. Raffy (2005), Evidence for sea-level oscillations by the "characteristic thickness" of marine deposits from raised terraces of Southern Calabria (Italy), Quat. Sci. Rev., 24, 2120-2136.
50. Dumas, B., P. Gueremy, P. J. Hearty, R Lhenaff, and J. Raffy (1988), Morphometric analysis and amino acid geochronology of uplifted shorelines in a tectonic region near Reggio Calabria, South Italy, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 68, 273-289.
51. Dvorkin, J., A. Nur, G. Mavko, and A. Z. Ben (1993), Narrow subducting slabs and the origin of backarc basins, Tectonophysics, 227, 63-79.
52. Faccenna, C, C. Piromallo, A. Crespo-Blanc, L. Jolivet, and F. Rossetti (2004), Lateral slab deformation and the origin of the Western Mediterranean arcs, Tectonics, 23, TC1012, doi:10.1029/2002TC001488. (Pubitemid 39384031)
53. Faccenna, C, L. Civetta, M. DAntonio, F. Funiciello, L. Margheriti, and C. Piromallo (2005), Constraints on mantle circulation around the deforming Calabrian slab, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L06311, doi:10.1029/2004GL021874. (Pubitemid 40771652)
54. Faccenna, C, A. Heuret, F. Funiciello, S. Lallemand, and T. W. Becker (2007), Predicting trench and plate motion from the dynamics of a strong slab, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 257, 29-36.
55. Ferranti, L., et al. (2006), Markers of the last inter-glacial sea level highstand along the coast of Italy: Tectonic implications, Quat. Int., 145-146, 30-54, doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2005.07.009. (Pubitemid 43055462)
56. Ferranti, L., E. Santoro, M. E. Mazzella, C. Monaco, and D. Morelli (2009), Active transpression in the northern Calabria Apennines, southern Italy, Tectonophysics, 476, 226-251, doi:10.1016/j. tecto.2008.11.010.
57. Funiciello, F., C. Faccenna, D. Giardini, and K. Regenauer-Lieb (2003), Dynamics of retreating slabs (part 2): Insights from 3D laboratory experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B4), 2207, doi:10.1029/2001JB000896.
58. Funiciello, F., M. Moroni, C. Piromallo, C. Faccenna, C. Cenedese, andH.A Bui (2006), Mapping mantle flow during retreating subduction: Laboratory models analyzed by feature tracking, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B03402, doi:10.1029/2005JB003792. (Pubitemid 43670753)
59. Galli, P., and V. Bosi (2002), Paleoseismology along the Cittanova fault: Implications for seismotectonics and earthquake recurrence in Calabria (southern Italy), J. Geophys. Res., 107(B3), 2044, doi:10.1029/2001JB000234.
60. Galli, P., and V. Bosi (2003), Catastrophic 1638 earthquakes in Calabria (southern Italy): New insights from paleoseismological investigation, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B1), 2004, doi:10.1029/2001JB001713.
61. Galli, P., V. Scionti, and V. Spina (2007), New paleoseis-mic data from the Lakes and Serre faults (Calabria, southern Italy). Seismotectonic implication, Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 126, 347-364.
62. Galli, P., F. Galadini, and D. Pantosti (2008), Twenty years of paleoseismology in Italy, Earth Sci. Rev., 88, 89-117.
63. Gerya, T. V., D. A. Yuen, and W. V. Maresch (2004), Thermomechanical modeling of slab detachment, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 226, 101-116.
64. Ghisetti, F. (1992), Fault parameters in the Messina Straits (southern Italy) and relations with the seis-mogenic source, Tectonophysics, 210, 117-133.
65. Giardini, D., and M. Velonà (1991), Deep seismicity of the Tyrrhenian Sea, Terra Nova, 3, 57-64.
66. Gignoux, M. (1913), Les formations marines pliocenes et quaternaires de PItalie du sud et de la Sicilie, Ann. Univ. Lyon, 1, 693 pp.
67. Giunchi, C, R. Sabadini, E. Boschi, and P. Gasperini (1996), Dynamic models of subduction: Geophysical and geological evidence in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Geophys. J. Int., 126, 555-578.
68. Goes, S., D. Giardini, S. Jenny, C. Hollenstein, H.G. Kahle, and A. Geiger (2004), A recent tectonic reorganization in the south-central Mediterranean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 226, 335-345.
69. Guérémy, P. (1972), La Calabre centrale et septentrio-nale: Guide dexcursion gèomorphogique, Trav. Inst. Géogr. Reims, 10, 1-128.
70. Guillaume, B., J. Martinod, L. Husson, M. Roddaz, and R. Riquelme (2009), Neogene uplift of central-eastern Patagonia: Dynamic response to active spreading-ridge subduction?, Tectonics, 28, TC2009, doi:10.1029/2008TC002324.
71. Guillaume, B., F. Funiciello, C. Faccenna, J. Martinod, and V. Olivetti (2010), Spreading pulses of the Tyrrhenian Sea during the narrowing of the Calabrian slab, Geology, 38, 819-822, doi:10.1130/G31038.1.
72. Gurnis, M. (1993), Phanerozoic marine inundation of continents driven by dynamic topography above subducting slabs, Nature, 364, 589-593, doi:10.1038/364589a0. (Pubitemid 23394561)
73. Gvirtzman, Z., and A. Nur (1999), The formation of Mount Etna as the consequence of slab rollback, Nature, 401, 782-785.
74. Gvirtzman, Z., and A. Nur (2001), Residual topography, lithospheric structure, and sunken slab in the central Mediterranean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 187, 117-130.
75. Hager, B. H., andR. W. Clayton (1989), Constraints on the structure of mantle convection using seismic observations, flow models, and the geoid, in Mantle Convection, edited by W. R Peltier, pp. 657-763, Gordon and Breach, New York.
76. Henderson, G. (1970), Carta geologica della Calabria, Sheet 183, Scale 1:25,000, Cassa del Mezzogiorno, Rome.
77. Hilde, T. W. C, and C. S. Lee (1984), Origin and evolution of the West Philippine basin: A new interpretation, Tectonophysics, 102, 85-104.
78. Husson, L. (2006), Dynamic topography above retreating subduction zones, Geology, 34, 741-744, doi:10.1130/G22436.1. (Pubitemid 44430757)
79. Husson, L., and Y. Ricard (2004), Stress balance above subduction zones: Application to the Andes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 222, 1037-1050.
80. Jacques, E., C. Monaco, P. Tapponier, L. Tortorici, and T. Winter (2001), Faulting and earthquake triggering during the 1783 Calabria seismic sequence, Geophys. J. Int., 147, 499-516.
81. Kasten, K. A., J. Mascle, and O. L. S. Party (1988), ODP Leg 107 in the Tyrrhenian Sea: Insights into passive margin and backarc basin evolution, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 100, 1140-1156.
82. Kennett, B. L. N., E. R. Engdahl, and R. Buland (1995), Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from travel times, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 108-124.
83. Kincaid, C., and R. W. Griffiths (2003), Laboratory models of the thermal evolution of the mantle during rollback subduction, Nature, 425, 58-62.
84. Knott, S. D., and E. Turco (1991), Late Cenozoic kinematics of the Calabrian arc, southern Italy, Tectonics, 10, 1164-1172.
85. Lambeck, K., F. Antonioli, T. Purcell, and C. Stirling (2004), MIS 5.5 sea level in the Mediterranean and inferences on the global ice volumes during late MIS 6 and MIS 5.5, 32nd Int. Geol. Congr., Florence, Italy.
86. Lanzafame, G., and J. C. Bousquet (1997), The Maltese escarpment and its extension from Mt. Etna to the Aeolian Islands (Sicily): Importance and evolution of a lithosphere discontinuity, Acta Vulcanol., 9, 113-120.
87. Liu, L., S. Spasojević, and M. Gurnis (2008), Reconstructing Farallon plate subduction beneath North America back to the Late Cretaceous, Science, 322, 934-938, doi:10.1126/science.1162921.
88. Lucente, F. P., L. Margheriti, C. Piromallo, and G. Barruol (2006), Seismic anisotropy reveals the long route of the slab through the western-central Mediterranean mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 241, 517-529.
89. Malinverno, A., and W. Ryan (1986), Extension in the Tyrrhenian sea and shortening in the Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking of the lith-osphere, Tectonics, 5, 227-245.
90. Marotta, A. M., M. Fernàndez, and R. Sabadini (1998), Mantle unrooting in collisional settings, Tectono-physics, 296, 31-46.
91. Marotta, M., R. Barzaghi, A. Borghi, and E. Spelta (2007), Gravity constraints on the dynamics of the crust-mantle system during Calabrian Subduction, Geophys. J. Int., 171, 977-985.
92. Mattei, M., V. Petrocelli, D. Lacava, and M. Schiattarella (2004), Geodynamic implications of Pleistocene ultrarapid vertical axis rotations in the Southern Apennines, Italy, Geology, 32, 789-792, doi:10.1130/G20552.1. (Pubitemid 39316140)
93. Minelli, L., and C. Faccenna (2010), Evolution of the Calabrian accretionary wedge, central Mediterranean, Tectonics, 29, TC4004, doi:10.1029/2009TC002562.
94. Mitrovica, J. X., C. Beaumont, and G. T. Jarvis (1989), Tilting of continental interiors by the dynamical effects of subduction, Tectonics, 8, 1079-1094, doi:10.1029/TC008i005p01079.
95. Miyauchi, T., G. Dai Pra, and S. Sylos Labini (1994), Geochronology of Pleistocene marine terraces and regional tectonics in the Tyrrhenian coast of South Calabria, Italy, Quaternario, 7, 17-34.
96. Molin, P., F. J. Pazzaglia, and F. Dramis (2004), Geomorphic expression of active tectonics in a rapidly-deforming forearc, Sila Massif, Calabria, southern Italy, Am. J. Sci., 304, 559-589.
97. Monaco, C., and L. Tortorici (2000), Active faulting in the Calabrian arc and eastern Sicily, J. Geodyn., 29, 407-424.
98. Monaco, C., P. Tapponnier, L. Tortorici, and P. Y. Gillot (1997), Late Quaternary slip rates on the Acireale-Piedimonte normal faults and tectonic origin of Mt. Etna (Sicily), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 147, 125-139.
99. Montelli, R., G. Nolet, F. A. Dahlen, G. Masters, E. R. Engdahl, and S. Hung (2004), Finite-frequency tomography reveals a variety of plumes in the mantle, Science, 303, 338-343.
100. Montuori, C, G. B. Cimini, and P. Favali (2007), Tele-seismic tomography of the southern Tyrrhenian sub-duction zone: New results from seafloor and land recordings, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B03311, doi:10.1029/2005JB004114. (Pubitemid 47386350)
101. Moresi, L., and V. Solomatov (1998), Mantle convection with a brittle lithosphere: thoughts on the global tectonic styles of the Earth and Venus, Geophys. J. Int., 133, 669-682.
102. Moretti, A. (2000), Il database delle faglie capaci della Calabria: Stato attuale delle conoscenze, in Le Ricerche del GNDT nel Campo Della Pericolosità Sismica (1996-1999), edited by F. Galadini et al., pp. 219-226, Cons. Naz. Ric, Gruppo Naz. Difesa-dai Terremoti, Rome, Italy.
103. Neri, G, B. Orecchio, C. Totaro, G. Falcone, and D. Presti (2009), Subduction beneath southern Italy is close to ending: Results from seismic tomography, Seismol. Res. Lett, 80, 63-70.
104. Nicolosi, J., F. Speranza, and M. Chiappini (2006), Ultrafast oceanic spreading of the Marsili Basin, southern Tyrrhenian Sea: Evidence from magnetic anomaly analysis, Geology, 34, 717-720, doi:10.1130/G22555.1. (Pubitemid 44430751)
105. Ogniben, L. (1973), Schema geologico della Calabria in base ai dati odierni, Geol. Rom., 12, 243-585.
106. Olivetti, V. (2009), Erosione e sollevamento nellarco calabro-peloritano, Ph.D. thesis, 134 pp., Università degli Studi di Bologna, Italy.
107. Patacca, E., R Sartori, and P. Scandone (1990), Tyrrhenian basin and Apenninic arcs. Kinematic relations since late Tortonian times, Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 45, 425-451.
108. Piana Agostinetti, N., and A. Amato (2009), Moho depth and Vp/Vs ratio in peninsular Italy from tele-seismic receiver functions, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B06303, doi:10.1029/2008JB005899.
109. Piana Agostinetti, N., M. S. Steckler, and F. P. Lucente (2009), Imaging the subducted slab under the Calabrian Arc, Italy, from receiver function analysis, Lithosphere, 1, 131-138, doi:10.1130/L49.1.
110. Pirazzoli, P. A., G. Mastronuzzi, J. F. Saliége, and P. Sansò (1997), Late Holocene emergence in Calabria (Italy), Mar. Geol, 141, 61-70.
111. Piromallo, C, and A. Morelli (2003), P wave tomography of the mantle under the Alpine-Mediterranean area, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B2), 2065, doi:10.1029/2002JB001757.
112. Piromallo, C, G. Spada, R Sabadini, and Y. Ricard (1997), Sea level fluctuations due to subduction: The role of mantle rheology, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1587-1590, doi:10.1029/97GL01561.
113. Piromallo, C, T. W. Becker, F. Funiciello, and C. Faccenna (2006), Three-dimensional instantaneous mantle flow induced by subduction, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L08304, doi:10.1029/2005GL025390. (Pubitemid 43950123)
114. Pysklywec, R N., and J. X. Mitrovica (2000), Mantle flow mechanisms of epeirogeny and their possible role in the evolution of the western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Can. J. Earth Sci., 37, 1535-1548, doi:10.1139/cjes-37-11- 1535. (Pubitemid 33073053)
115. Robustelli, G., F. Lucà, F. Corbi, T. Pelle, F. Dramis, G. Fubelli, F. Scarciglia, F. Muto, D. Cugliari (2009) Alluvial terraces on the Ionian coast of northern Calabria, southern Italy: Implications for tectonic and sea level controls, Geomorphology, 106, 165-179.
116. Roveri, M., A. Bernasconi, M. E. Rossi, and C. Visentin (1992), Sedimentary evolution of the Luna Field Area, Calabria, Southern Italy, in Generation, Accumulation, and Production of Europes Hydrocarbons, edited by A. M. Spencer, Europ. Assoc. Petrol. Geosci. Spec. Publ, 2, 217-224.
117. Roy, M., T. H. Jordan, and J. Pederson (2009), Colorado Plateau magmatism and uplift by warming of heterogeneous lithosphere, Nature, 459, 978-982, doi:10.1038/nature08052.
118. Royden, L. H., and L. Husson (2006) Trench motion, slab geometry, and viscous stresses in subduction systems, Geophys. J. Int., 167, 881-905.
119. Sartori, R., and ODP Leg Sci. Staff (1989), Drillings of ODP Leg 107 in the Tyrrhenian Sea: Tentative basin evolution compared to deformations in the surrounding chains, in The Lithosphere in Italy: Advances in Earth Science Research, edited by A. Boriani et al., pp. 139-156, Accad. Naz. Lincei, Rome, Italy.
120. Schellart, W. P. (2004), Kinematics of subduction and subduction-induced flow in the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B07401, doi:10.1029/ 2004JB002970. (Pubitemid 39306353)
121. Selvaggi, G., and C. Chiarabba (1995), Seismicity and P wave velocity image of the Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone, Geophys. J. Int., 121, 818-826.
122. Seranne, M. (1999), Early Oligocene stratigraphic turnover on the west Africa continental margin: A signature of the Tertiary greenhouse-to-icehouse transition?, Terra Nova, 11, 135-140.
123. Shackleton, N. J. (2000), The 100,000 year ice-age cycle identified and found to lag temperature, carbon dioxide, and orbital eccentricity, Science, 289, 1897-1902.
124. Speranza, F. (1999), Paleomagnetism and the Corsica-Sardinia rotation: A short review, Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 118, 537-543.
125. Speranza, F., M. Mattei, L. Sagnotti, and F. Grasso (2000), Rotational differences between the northern and southern Tyrrhenian domains: Paleomagnetic constraints from the Amantea basin (Calabria, Italy), J. Geol. Soc. London, 157, 327-334.
126. Spina, V., P. Galli, E. Tondi, S. Critelli, and G. Cello (2007), Kinematics and structural properties of an active fault zone in the Sila Massif (Northern Calabria, Italy), Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 126, 427-438.
127. Spina, V., E. Tondi, P. Galli, and S. Mazzoli (2009), Fault propagation in a seismic gap area (northern Calabria, Italy): Implications for seismic hazard, Tectonophysics, 476, 357-369, doi:10.1016/j. tecto.2009.02.001.
128. Stegman, D. R., J. Freeman, W. P. Schellart, L. Moresi, and D. May (2006), Influence of trench width on subduction hinge retreat rates in 3D models of slab rollback, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q03012, doi:10.1029/ 2005GC001056.
129. Stewart, I. S., A. Cundy, S. Kershaw, and C. Firth (1997), Holocene coastal uplift in the Taormina area, northeastern Sicily: Implications for the southern prolongation of the Calabrian seismo-genic belt, J. Geodyn., 24, 37-50.
130. Stirling, C. H., T. M. Esat, M. T. McCulloch, and K. Lambeck (1995), High-precision U-series dating of corals from Western Australia and implications for the timing and duration of the last interglacial, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 135, 115-130.
131. Suhadolc, P., and G. F. Panza (1989), Physical properties of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system in Europe from geophysical data, in The Lithosphere in Italy: Advances in Earth Science Research, edited by A. Boriani et al., pp. 15-37, Accad. Naz. Lincei, Rome, Italy.
132. Tansi, C., A. Tallarico, G. Iovine, M. Folino Gallo, and G. Falcone (2005), Interpretation of radon anomalies in seismotectonic and tectonic-gravitational settings: the southeastern Crati graben (Northern Calabria, Italy), Tectonophysics, 396, 181-193.
133. Tansi, C., F. Muto, S. Critelli, and G. Iovine (2007), Neogene-Quaternary strike-slip tectonics in the central Calabrian Arc (southern Italy), J. Geodyn., 43, 393-414.
134. Thomson, S. N. (1994), Fission track analysis of the crystalline basement rocks of the Oligo-Miocene late-orogenic extension and erosion, Tectonophysics, 238, 331-352.
135. Thomson, S. N. (1998), Assessing the nature of tectonic contact using fission track thermochronology: An example from the Calabrian Arc, southern Italy, Terra Nova, 10, 32-36.
136. Thorkelson, D. J. (1996), Subduction of diverging plates and the principles of slab window formation, Tectonophysics, 255, 47-63, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(95)00106-9.
137. Tortorici, G., M. Bianca, G. De Guidi, C. Monaco, and L. Tortorici (2003), Fault activity and marine terracing in the Capo Vaticano area (southern Calabria) during the Middle-Late Quaternary, Quat. Int., 101-102, 269-278.
138. Tortorici, L. (1981), Analisi delle deformazioni fragili dei sedimenti postorogeni della Calabria settentrio-nale, Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 100, 291-308.
139. Tortorici, L., C. Monaco, C. Tansi, and O. Cocina (1995), Recent and active tectonics in the Calabrian Arc (southern Italy), Tectonophysics, 243, 7-55.
140. Trua, T., G. Serri, and M. Marani (2003), Lateral flow of African mantle below the nearby Tyrrhenian plate: Geochemical evidence, Terra Nova, 15, 433-440, doi:10.1046/j.1365 3121.2003.00509.x.
141. Turcotte, D. L., and G. Schubert (1982), Geodynamics Applications of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems, 450 pp., John Wiley, New York.
142. Valensise, G., and D. Pantosti (1992), A 125 Kyr long geological record of seismic source repeatibility: The Messina Straits (southern Italy) and the 1908 earthquake (MS 7 1/2), Terra Nova, 4, 472-483.
143. Van Dijk, J. P., et al. (2000), A regional structural model for the northern sector of the Calabrian Arc (southern Italy), Tectonophysics, 324, 267-320.
144. Wang, K., R. Wells, S. Mazzotti, R. D. Hyndman, and T. Sagiya (2003), A revised dislocation model of interseismic deformation of the Cascadia subduction zone, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B1), 2026, doi:10.1029/2001JB001227.
145. Wegmann, K. W., et al. (2007), Position of the Snake River watershed divide as an indicator of geody-namic processes in the greater Yellowstone region, western North America, Geosphere, 3, 272-281, doi:10.1130/GES00083.1.
146. Westaway, R. (1993), Quaternary uplift of southern Italy, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 21,741-21,772.
147. Wortel, M. J. R., and W. Spakman (2000), Subduc-tion and slab detachment in the Mediterranean-Carpathian region, Science, 290, 1910-1917.
148. Zecchin, M., R. Nalin, and C. Rodad (2004), Raised Pleistocene marine terraces of the Crotone peninsula (Calabria, southern Italy): Facies analysis and organization of their deposits, Sediment. Geol., 172, 165-185.
149. Zhong, S., and M. Gurnis (1994), Controls on trench topography from dynamic models of subducted slabs, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,683-15,695, doi:10.1029/94JB00809.
150. Zhong, S., M. T. Zuber, L. N. Moresi, and M. Gurnis (2000), Role of temperature-dependent viscosity and surface plates in spherical shell models of mantle convection, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11,063-11,082.