Management strategies for heavy menstrual bleeding: Case study and commentary

Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management

Volumn 17, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 565-575

  Borgatta, Lynn ^a   Roncari, Danielle ^a  

^a BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GESTAGEN; LEUPRORELIN; LEVONORGESTREL; LOW DOSE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE INHIBITOR;

ANOVULATION; BLEEDING; BLOOD DYSCRASIA; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; ENDOMETRIUM ABLATION; HEMATOLOGICAL PROCEDURES; HUMAN; HYSTERECTOMY; IDIOPATHIC BLEEDING; INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE; MENARCHE; MENOPAUSE; MENORRHAGIA; MYOMECTOMY; OVULATION; REVIEW; TREATMENT PLANNING; UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLIZATION;

EID: 78651256084     PISSN: 10796533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Woolcock JG, Critchley HO, Munro MG, et al. Review of the confusion in current and historical terminology and definitions for disturbances of menstrual bleeding. Fertil Steril 2008;90:2269-80.
2. Kjerulff KH, Erickson BA, Langenberg PW. Chronic gynecological conditions reported by U.S. women: findings from the National Health Interview Survey, 1984 to 1992. Am J Pub Health 1996;86:195-9.
3. Snowden R, Christian B. Patterns and perception of menstruation: a World Health Organization International Study. London: Croom Helm; 1983.
4. Coulter A, Bradlow J, Agass M, et al. Outcome of referrals to gynaecology clinics for menstrual problems: an audit of general practice records. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1991;98:789-96.
5. Cote I, Jacobs P, Cumming DC. Use of health services associated with increased menstrual loss in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:343-8.
6. Anastasakis E, Kingman CE, Lee CA, et al. Menstrual problems in university students: an electronic mail survey. In vivo 2008;22:617-20.
7. Hallberg L, Hogdahl AM, Nilsson L, et al. Menstrual blood loss - a population study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1966;45:320-51.
8. Hurskainen R, Grenman S, Komi I, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of menorrhagia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2007;86:749-57.
9. Janssen CA, Scholten PC, Heintz AP. A simple visual assessment technique to discriminate between menorrhagia and normal menstrual blood loss. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:977-82.
10. O'Flynn N, Britten N. Menorrhagia in general practice - disease or illness. Soc Sci Med 2000;50:651-61.
11. Hurskainen R, Aalto AM, Teperi J, et. al. Psychosocial and other characteristics of women complaining of menorrhagia, with and without actual increased menstrual blood loss. BJOG 2001;108:281-5.
12. Santer M, Wyke S, Warner P. What aspects of periods are most bothersome for women reporting heavy menstrual bleeding? Community survey and qualitative study. BMC Womens Health 2007;7:8.
13. Geller SE, Harlow SD, Bernstein SJ. Differences in menstrual bleeding characteristics, functional status, and attitudes toward menstruation in three groups of women. J Women Health Gender Based Med 1999;8:533-40.
14. Garside R, Britten N, Stein K. The experience of heavy menstrual bleeding: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies. J Adv Nursing 2008;63:550-62.
15. O'Flynn N. Menstrual symptoms: the importance of social factors in women's experiences. Br J Gen Pract 2006;56:950-7.
16. O'Flynn N. Diagnosing menstrual disorders: a qualitative study of the approach of primary care professionals. Brit J Gen Pract 2004;54:353-8.
17. Matteson KA, Clark MA. Questioning our questions: do frequently asked questions adequately cover the aspects of women's lives most affected by abnormal uterine bleeding? Opinions of women with abnormal uterine bleeding participating in focus group discussions. Women Health 2010;50:195-211.
18. Ferenczy A. Pathophysiology of endometrial bleeding. Maturitas 2003;45:1-14.
19. Venturoli S, Porcu E, Fabbri R, et al. Menstrual irregularities in adolescents: hormonal pattern and ovarian morphology. Hormone Res 1986;24:269-79.
20. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. In: Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2005.
21. Siegel JE. Abnormalities of hemostasis and abnormal uterine bleeding. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2005;48:284-94.
22. Munro MG, Lukes AS, for the Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Underlying Hemostatic Disorders Consensus Group. Fertil Steril 2005;84:1335-7.
23. Wegienka G, Baird DD, Hertz-Picciotto I, et al. Self-reported heavy bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomata. Obstet Gynecol 2003;101:431-7.
24. Evans P, Brunsell S. Uterine fibroid tumors: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician 2007;75:1503-8.
25. Kurman RJ, Kaminski PF, Norris HJ. The behavior of endometrial hyperplasia: a long-term study of "untreated" hyperplasia in 170 patients. Cancer 1985;56:403-12.
26. Clark JT, Neelakantan D, Gupta JG. The management of endometrial hyperplasia: an evaluation of current practice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol 2006;125:159-63.
27. Lurain JR. Uterine cancer. In: Berek JS. Berek and Novak's Gynecology. 14th ed. Phildelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007.
28. Vermesh M, Kletzky OA, Davajan V, et al. Monitoring techniques to predict and detect ovulation. Fertil Steril 1987;47:259.
29. Ilesanmi AO. Endometrial dating correlated with multiple luteal progesterone levels in confirming ovulation and luteal function in infertile Nigerian women. West Afr J Med 1995;14:152-6.
30. Kouides PA, Conard J, Peyvandi F, et al. Hemostasis and menstruation, appropriate investigation for underlying disorders of hemostasis in women with excessive menstrual bleeding. Fertil Steril 2005;84:1345-51.
31. Davis A, Godwin A, Lippman J, et al. Triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl estradiol for treating dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:913-20.
32. van den Heuvel MW, van Bragt AJ, Alnabawy A, Kaptein M. Comparison of ethinyl estradiol pharmacokinetics in three hormonal contraceptive formulations: the vaginal ring, the transdermal patch, and an oral contraceptive. Contraception 2005;72:168-74.
33. Miller L, Hughes JP. Continuous combination oral contraceptive pills to eliminate withdrawal bleeding: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 2003;101:653-61.
34. Sulak PJ, Smith V, Coffee A, et al. Frequency and management of breakthrough bleeding with continuous use of the transvaginal contraceptive ring: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2008;112:563-71.
35. Fraser IR, McCarron G. Randomized trial of 2 hormonal and 2 prostaglandin-inhibiting agents in women with a complaint of menorrhagia. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1991;31:66-70.
36. Munro MG, Mainor N, Basu R, et al. Oral medroxyprogesterone acetate and combination oral contraceptives for acute uterine bleeding. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:924-9.
37. Hickey M, Higham J, Fraser IS. Progestogens versus oestrogens and progestogens for irregular uterine bleeding associated with anovulation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;2:CD001895.
38. Lethaby A, Irvine GA, Cameron IT. Cyclic progestogens for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;1:CD001016.
39. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Non-contraceptive uses of hormonal contraceptives. Practice Bulletin. Jan 2010. No. 110.
40. Milson I, Andersson K, Andersch B, Rybo G. A comparison of flurbiprofen, tranexamic acid, and a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device in the treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:879-83.
41. Irvine GA, Campbell-Brown MB, Lumsden MA, et al. Randomised comparative trial of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system and norethisterone for the treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:592-8.
42. Kucuk T, Ertan K. Continuous oral or intramuscular medroxyprogesterone acetate versus the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system in the treatment of perimenopausal menorrhagia: a randomized, prospective, controlled clinical trial in female smokers. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2008;35:57-60.
43. Hornstein MD, Surrey ES, Weisberg GW, Casino LA. Leuprolide acetate depot and hormonal add-back in endometriosis: a 12 month study. Lupron Add-Back Study Group. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91:16-24.
44. Hagenfeldt K. The role of prostaglandins and allied substances in uterine haemostasis. Contraception 1987;36:23-35.
45. Hurskainen R, Grenman S, Komi I, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of menorrhagia. Acta Obstetricia Gynecologica 2007;86:749-57.
46. Lethaby A, Augood C, Duckitt K, Farquhar C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;4:CD000400.
47. Bonnar J, Sheppard BL. Treatment of menorrhagia during menstruation: randomized controlled trial of ethamsylate, mefenamic acid, and tranexamic acid. BMJ 1996;313:579-82.
48. Lethaby A. Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;4:CD000249.
49. Stovall TG, Ling FW, Morgan PL. A prospective, randomized comparison of the Pipelle endometrial sampling device with the Novak curette. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:1287-90.
50. Koonings PP, Moyer DL, Grimes DA. A randomized clinical trial comparing Pipelle and Tis-U-Trap for endometrial biopsy. Obstet Gynecol 1990;75:293-5.
51. Dijkhuizen FP, Mol BW, Brolmann HA, Heintz AP. The accuracy of endometrial sampling in the diagnosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia: a meta-analysis. Cancer 2000;89:1765-72.
52. Clark TJ, Mann CH, Shah N, et al. The accuracy of outpatient endometrial biopsy in the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001;80:784-93.
53. Iram S, Musonda P, Ewies AA. Premenopausal bleeding: when should the endometrium be investigated? A retrospective non-comparative study of 3006 women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010;148:86-9.
54. Emanuel MH, Wamsteker K, Lammes FB. Is dilatation and curettage obsolete for diagnosing intrauterine disorders in premenopausal patients with persistent abnormal uterine bleeding? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997;76:65-8.
55. Bakos O, Lundkvist O, Wide L, Bergh T. Ultrasonographical and hormonal description of the normal ovulatory menstrual cycle. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1995;73:790-6.
56. Dueholm M, Jensen ML, Laurseon H, Kracht P. Can the endometrial thickness as measured by trans-vaginal sonography be used to exclude polyps or hyperplasia in pre-menopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001;80:645-51.
57. Goldstein SR, Zeltser I, Horan CK, et al. Ultrasonography-based triage for perimenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:102-8.
58. ACOG Technology Assessment in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Saline infusion sonohysterography. Compendium of Selected Publications. No. 3, Sept 2003.
59. Dessole S, Farina M, Rubattu G, et al. Side effects and complications of sonohysterosalpingography. Fertil Steril 2003;80:620-4.
60. Cullinan JA, Fleischer AC, Kepple DM, et al. Sonohysterography: a technique for endometrial evaluation. Radiographics 1995;15:501-14.
61. Tur-Kaspa I, Gal M, Hartman M, et al. A prospective evaluation of uterine abnormalities by saline infusion sonohysterography in 1,009 women with infertility or abnormal uterine bleeding. Fertil Steril 2006;86:1731-5.
62. Bernard JP, Lecuru F, Darles C, et al. Saline contrast sonohysterography as first-line investigation for women with uterine bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997;10:121-5.
63. Elsayes KM, Pandya A, Platt JF, Bude RO. Technique and diagnostic utility of saline infusion sonohysterography. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009;105:5-9.
64. ACOG Technology Assessment in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Hysteroscopy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. August 2005, No. 4.
65. Nagele F, O'Connor H, Davies A, et al. 2500 outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopies. Obstet Gynecol 1996;88:87-92.
66. Bakour SH, Jones SE, O'Donovan P. Ambulatory hysteroscopy: evidence-based guide to diagnosis and therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2006;20:953-75.
67. van Dongen H, de Kroon CD, Jacobi CE, et al. Diagnostic hysteroscopy in abnormal uterine bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2007;114:664-75.
68. Garuti G, Sambruni I, Colonnelli, Luerti M. Accuracy of hysteroscopy in predicting histopathology of endometrium in 1500 women. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2001;8:207-13.
69. Cepni I, Ocal P, Erkan A, et al. Comparison of trasnvaginal sonography, saline infusion sonography and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of uterine cavity pathologies. Asut N Zealad J Obstet Gynecol 2005;45:30-5.
70. Farquhar C, Ekeroma A, Furness S, Arroll B. A systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonography, sonohysterography, and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82:493-504.
71. Falcone T, Desjardins C, Bourque J, et al. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescents. J Reprod Med 1994;39:761-4.
72. DeVore GR, Owens O, Kase N. Use of intravenous Premarin in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding - a double-blind randomized controlled study. Obstet Gynecol 1982;59:285-91.
73. Farquhar C, Brown J. Oral contraceptive pill for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;2:CD000154.
74. ACOG. Management of ovulatory bleeding. Practice bulletin No. 14; 2000.
75. Smith JJ, Schulman H. Current dilation and curettage practice: a need for reversal. Obstet Gynecol 1988;65:16-8.
76. ACOG. Endometrial ablation. Practice bulletin No. 18; 2007.
77. Lethaby A, Shepperd S, Cooke I, Farquhar C. Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;2:CD000329.
78. Cooper KG, Jack SA, Parkin DE, Grant AM. Five-year follow up of women randomized to medical management or transcervical resection of the endometrium for heavy menstrual loss: clinical and quality of life outcomes. British Journal of Obstet and Gynecol 2001;108:1222-8.
79. Marjoribanks J, Lethaby A, Farquhar C. Surgery versus medical therapy for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;2:CD003855.
80. Cooke I, Rees M. Progesterone or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;4:CD002126.
81. Goldenberg M, Sivan E, Bider D, et al. Endometrial resection vs. abdominal hysterectomy for menorrhagia. Correlated sample analysis. J Reprod Med 1996;41:333-6.
82. Laberge PY. Serious and deadly complications from pregnancy after endometrial ablation: two case reports and review of the literature. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2008;37:609-13.
83. Maia H, Maltez A, Coelho G, et al. Insertion of Mirena after endometrial resection in patients with adenomyosis. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2003;10:512-6.