메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 57-64

Adverse events and their relation to mortality in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia

Author keywords

complications; critical care; heart arrest; induced hypothermia; intensive care; mortality

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; GLUCOSE;

EID: 78651234412     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: 15300293     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181fa4301     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (194)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0031898146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural course of neurological recovery following cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Jørgensen EO, Holm S: The natural course of neurological recovery following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 1998;36:111-122
    • (1998) Resuscitation , vol.36 , pp. 111-122
    • Jørgensen, E.O.1    Holm, S.2
  • 2
    • 0037335334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhospital factors associated with improved outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A comparison between four regions in Norway
    • Langhelle A, Tyvold SS, Lexow K, et al: Inhospital factors associated with improved outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A comparison between four regions in Norway. Resuscitation 2003;56:247-263
    • (2003) Resuscitation , vol.56 , pp. 247-263
    • Langhelle, A.1    Tyvold, S.S.2    Lexow, K.3
  • 3
    • 0344196879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiple logistic regression analysis of inhospital factors related to survival at six months in patients resuscitated from out-ofhospital ventricular fibrillation
    • Skrifvars MB, PettiläV, Rosenberg PH, et al: A multiple logistic regression analysis of inhospital factors related to survival at six months in patients resuscitated from out-ofhospital ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation 2003;59:319-328
    • (2003) Resuscitation , vol.59 , pp. 319-328
    • Skrifvars, M.B.1    Pettilä, V.2    Rosenberg, P.H.3
  • 4
    • 21044458859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infections in the survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the first 7 days
    • Tsai MS, Chiang WC, Lee CC, et al: Infections in the survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the first 7 days. Intensive Care Med 2005;31:621-626
    • (2005) Intensive Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 621-626
    • Tsai, M.S.1    Chiang, W.C.2    Lee, C.C.3
  • 5
    • 58149217059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postcardiac arrest syndrome: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognostication
    • A consensus statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (American Heart Association, Australian and New Zealand Council on Resuscitation, European Resuscitation Council, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, InterAmerican Heart Foundation, Resuscitation Council of Asia, and the Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa);the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee;the Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia;the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care;the Council on Clinical Cardiology;and the Stroke Council
    • Neumar RW, Nolan JP, Adrie C, et al: Postcardiac arrest syndrome: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognostication. A consensus statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (American Heart Association, Australian and New Zealand Council on Resuscitation, European Resuscitation Council, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, InterAmerican Heart Foundation, Resuscitation Council of Asia, and the Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa);the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee;the Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia;the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care;the Council on Clinical Cardiology;and the Stroke Council. Circulation 2008;118: 2452-2483
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 2452-2483
    • Neumar, R.W.1    Nolan, J.P.2    Adrie, C.3
  • 6
    • 0030198584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial dysfunction after resuscitation from cardiac arrest: An example of global myocardial stunning
    • Kern KB, Hilwig RW, Rhee KH, et al: Myocardial dysfunction after resuscitation from cardiac arrest: An example of global myocardial stunning. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28: 232-240
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.28 , pp. 232-240
    • Kern, K.B.1    Hilwig, R.W.2    Rhee, K.H.3
  • 7
    • 0037132603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible myocardial dysfunction in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Laurent I, Monchi M, Chiche JD, et al: Reversible myocardial dysfunction in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:2110-2116
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 2110-2116
    • Laurent, I.1    Monchi, M.2    Chiche, J.D.3
  • 8
    • 0037148926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest
    • Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group
    • Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group: Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2002;346:549-556
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 549-556
  • 9
    • 33646065525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2005 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency medicine part 7.5: Postresuscitation support
    • 2005 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency medicine part 7.5: Postresuscitation support. Circulation 2005;112:IV-84-IV-88
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112
  • 10
    • 0037148929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of comatose survivors of out-ofhospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia
    • Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD, et al: Treatment of comatose survivors of out-ofhospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med 2002;346:557-563
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 557-563
    • Bernard, S.A.1    Gray, T.W.2    Buist, M.D.3
  • 11
    • 66649137402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coagulopathy during therapeutic hypothermia: Where are the data?
    • Varon J, Acosta P: Coagulopathy during therapeutic hypothermia: Where are the data? Resuscitation 2009;80:726-727
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 726-727
    • Varon, J.1    Acosta, P.2
  • 12
    • 2442597263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of therapeutic hypothermia in the intensive care unit. Opportunities and pitfalls of a promising treatment modality-Part 2: Practical aspects and side effects
    • Polderman KH: Application of therapeutic hypothermia in the intensive care unit. Opportunities and pitfalls of a promising treatment modality-Part 2: Practical aspects and side effects. Intensive Care Med 2004;30: 757-769
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 757-769
    • Polderman, K.H.1
  • 13
    • 13444283301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothermia for neuroprotection after cardiac arrest: Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
    • Holzer M, Bernard SA, Hachimi-Idrissi S, et al: Hypothermia for neuroprotection after cardiac arrest: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2005;33:414-418
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 414-418
    • Holzer, M.1    Bernard, S.A.2    Hachimi-Idrissi, S.3
  • 14
    • 33745610728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From evidence to clinical practice: Effective implementation of therapeutic hypothermia to improve patient outcome after cardiac arrest
    • Oddo M, Schaller MD, Feihl F, et al: From evidence to clinical practice: Effective implementation of therapeutic hypothermia to improve patient outcome after cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 2006;34:1865-1873
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1865-1873
    • Oddo, M.1    Schaller, M.D.2    Feihl, F.3
  • 15
    • 34347381486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary percutaneous coronary intervention and mild induced hypothermia in comatose survivors of ventricular fibrillation with STelevation acute myocardial infarction
    • Knafelj R, Radsel P, Ploj T, et al: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention and mild induced hypothermia in comatose survivors of ventricular fibrillation with STelevation acute myocardial infarction. Resuscitation 2007;74:227-234
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.74 , pp. 227-234
    • Knafelj, R.1    Radsel, P.2    Ploj, T.3
  • 16
    • 33847383233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of a standardised treatment protocol for post resuscitation care after out-ofhospital cardiac arrest
    • Sunde K, Pytte M, Jacobsen D, et al: Implementation of a standardised treatment protocol for post resuscitation care after out-ofhospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2007;73:29-39
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.73 , pp. 29-39
    • Sunde, K.1    Pytte, M.2    Jacobsen, D.3
  • 17
    • 34247092947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical application of mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest
    • European Resuscitation Council Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Registry Study Group
    • Arrich J, European Resuscitation Council Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Registry Study Group: Clinical application of mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 2007;35:1041-1047
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 1041-1047
    • Arrich, J.1
  • 18
    • 67749147298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome, timing and adverse events in therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Nielsen N, Hovdenes J, Nilsson F, et al: Outcome, timing and adverse events in therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009;53:926-934
    • (2009) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.53 , pp. 926-934
    • Nielsen, N.1    Hovdenes, J.2    Nilsson, F.3
  • 19
    • 20844441938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports
    • Update and simplification of the Utstein templates for resuscitation registries: A statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (American Heart Association, European Resuscitation Council, Australian Resuscitation Council, New Zealand Resuscitation Council, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, InterAmerican Heart Foundation, Resuscitation Councils of Southern Africa)
    • Jacobs I, Nadkarni V, Bahr J, et al: Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: Update and simplification of the Utstein templates for resuscitation registries: A statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (American Heart Association, European Resuscitation Council, Australian Resuscitation Council, New Zealand Resuscitation Council, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, InterAmerican Heart Foundation, Resuscitation Councils of Southern Africa). Circulation 2004;110:3385-3397
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 3385-3397
    • Jacobs, I.1    Nadkarni, V.2    Bahr, J.3
  • 20
    • 24044524223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommended guidelines for reviewing, reporting, and conducting research on post-resuscitation care: The Utstein style
    • Langhelle A, Nolan J, Herlitz J, et al: Recommended guidelines for reviewing, reporting, and conducting research on post-resuscitation care: The Utstein style. Resuscitation 2005;66:271-283
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.66 , pp. 271-283
    • Langhelle, A.1    Nolan, J.2    Herlitz, J.3
  • 21
    • 0026710191 scopus 로고
    • Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis
    • The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine
    • Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 1992;101:1644-1655
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , pp. 1644-1655
    • Bone, R.C.1    Balk, R.A.2    Cerra, F.B.3
  • 22
    • 0016475167 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage
    • Jennett B, Bond M: Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet 1975;1:480-484
    • (1975) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 480-484
    • Jennett, B.1    Bond, M.2
  • 25
    • 0016355478 scopus 로고
    • A new look at the statistical model identification
    • Akaike H: A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans Auto Control 1974;19:716-723
    • (1974) IEEE Trans Auto Control , vol.19 , pp. 716-723
    • Akaike, H.1
  • 26
    • 60649100665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest and the risk of bleeding in patients with acute myocardial infarction
    • Schefold JC, Storm C, Joerres A, et al: Mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest and the risk of bleeding in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2009;132:387-391
    • (2009) Int J Cardiol , vol.132 , pp. 387-391
    • Schefold, J.C.1    Storm, C.2    Joerres, A.3
  • 27
    • 45149132456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild therapeutic hypothermia in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing immediate percutaneous coronary intervention
    • Wolfrum S, Pierau C, Radke PW, et al: Mild therapeutic hypothermia in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing immediate percutaneous coronary intervention. Crit Care Med 2008;36: 1780-1786
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 1780-1786
    • Wolfrum, S.1    Pierau, C.2    Radke, P.W.3
  • 28
    • 68349098952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subarachnoid haemorrhage as a cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective computed tomography study
    • Inamasu J, Miyatake S, Tomioka H, et al: Subarachnoid haemorrhage as a cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective computed tomography study. Resuscitation 2009;80:977-980
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 977-980
    • Inamasu, J.1    Miyatake, S.2    Tomioka, H.3
  • 29
    • 65949124247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary angiography predicts improved outcome following cardiac arrest: Propensity-adjusted analysis
    • Reynolds JC, Callaway CW, El Khoudary SR, et al: Coronary angiography predicts improved outcome following cardiac arrest: propensity-adjusted analysis. J Intensive Care Med 2009;24:179-186
    • (2009) J Intensive Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 179-186
    • Reynolds, J.C.1    Callaway, C.W.2    El Khoudary, S.R.3
  • 30
    • 33645874784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of prognosis after cardiac arrest may be more difficult after introduction of therapeutic hypothermia
    • Sunde K, Dunlop O, Rostrup M, et al: Determination of prognosis after cardiac arrest may be more difficult after introduction of therapeutic hypothermia. Resuscitation 2006;69:29-32
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.69 , pp. 29-32
    • Sunde, K.1    Dunlop, O.2    Rostrup, M.3
  • 31
    • 1342321916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious complications in survivors of cardiac arrest admitted to the medical intensive care unit
    • Gajic O, Festic E, Afessa B: Infectious complications in survivors of cardiac arrest admitted to the medical intensive care unit. Resuscitation 2004;60:65-69
    • (2004) Resuscitation , vol.60 , pp. 65-69
    • Gajic, O.1    Festic, E.2    Afessa, B.3
  • 32
    • 17744382851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, risk factors and mortality of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units: A prospective study
    • Alp E, Guven M, Yildiz O, et al: Incidence, risk factors and mortality of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units: A prospective study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2004;3:17
    • (2004) Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob , vol.3 , pp. 17
    • Alp, E.1    Guven, M.2    Yildiz, O.3
  • 33
    • 34547684480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effi- cacy of and tolerance to mild induced hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using an endovascular cooling system
    • Pichon N, Amiel JB, Francois B, et al: Effi- cacy of and tolerance to mild induced hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using an endovascular cooling system. Crit Care 2007;11:R71
    • (2007) Crit Care , vol.11
    • Pichon, N.1    Amiel, J.B.2    Francois, B.3
  • 34
    • 70349656290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator- associated pneumonia and mortality: A systematic review of observational studies
    • Melsen WG, Rovers MM, Bonten MJ: Ventilator- associated pneumonia and mortality: A systematic review of observational studies. Crit Care Med 2009;37:2709-2718
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 2709-2718
    • Melsen, W.G.1    Rovers, M.M.2    Bonten, M.J.3
  • 35
    • 33750924866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator- associated pneumonia in severe traumatic brain injury
    • Zygun DA, Zuege DJ, Boiteau PJ, et al: Ventilator- associated pneumonia in severe traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care 2006;5:108-114
    • (2006) Neurocrit Care , vol.5 , pp. 108-114
    • Zygun, D.A.1    Zuege, D.J.2    Boiteau, P.J.3
  • 36
    • 0027768609 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous glucose after out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest: A community-based randomized trial
    • Longstreth WT Jr, Copass MK, Dennis LK, et al: Intravenous glucose after out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest: A community-based randomized trial. Neurology 1993;43: 2534-2541
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 2534-2541
    • Longstreth Jr., W.T.1    Copass, M.K.2    Dennis, L.K.3
  • 37
    • 0022450172 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic outcome and blood glucose levels during out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Longstreth WT Jr, Diehr P, Cobb LA, et al: Neurologic outcome and blood glucose levels during out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Neurology 1986;36:1186-1191
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 1186-1191
    • Longstreth Jr., W.T.1    Diehr, P.2    Cobb, L.A.3
  • 38
    • 0342601880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood glucose concentration after cardiopulmonary resuscitation influences functional neurological recovery in human cardiac arrest survivors
    • Müllner M, Sterz F, Binder M, et al: Blood glucose concentration after cardiopulmonary resuscitation influences functional neurological recovery in human cardiac arrest survivors. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1997, 17, 430-436.
    • (1997) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.17 , pp. 430-436
    • Müllner M, S.1
  • 39
    • 65649122723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose control after cardiac arrest
    • Padkin A: Glucose control after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2009;80:611-612
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 611-612
    • Padkin, A.1
  • 40
    • 37849052451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strict normoglycaemic blood glucose levels in the therapeutic management of patients within 12h after cardiac arrest might not be necessary
    • Losert H, Sterz F, Roine RO, et al: Strict normoglycaemic blood glucose levels in the therapeutic management of patients within 12h after cardiac arrest might not be necessary. Resuscitation 2008;76:214-220
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.76 , pp. 214-220
    • Losert, H.1    Sterz, F.2    Roine, R.O.3
  • 41
    • 36448978263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strict versus moderate glucose control after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation
    • Oksanen T, Skrifvars MB, Varpula T, et al: Strict versus moderate glucose control after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation. Intensive Care Med 2007;33:2093-2100
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 2093-2100
    • Oksanen, T.1    Skrifvars, M.B.2    Varpula, T.3
  • 42
    • 65649098571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derangements in blood glucose following initial resuscitation from in-hospital cardiac arrest: A report from the national registry of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Beiser DG, Carr GE, Edelson DP, et al: Derangements in blood glucose following initial resuscitation from in-hospital cardiac arrest: A report from the national registry of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2009;80:624-630
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 624-630
    • Beiser, D.G.1    Carr, G.E.2    Edelson, D.P.3
  • 43
    • 63249128249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients
    • NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators
    • NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators, Finfer S, Chittock DR, et al: Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1283-1297
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 1283-1297
    • Finfer, S.1    Chittock, D.R.2
  • 44
    • 33646855590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amplitudeintegrated EEG (aEEG) predicts outcome after cardiac arrest and induced hypothermia
    • Rundgren M, Rosén I, Friberg H: Amplitudeintegrated EEG (aEEG) predicts outcome after cardiac arrest and induced hypothermia. Intensive Care Med 2006;32:836-842
    • (2006) Intensive Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 836-842
    • Rundgren, M.1    Rosén, I.2    Friberg, H.3
  • 45
    • 0023865278 scopus 로고
    • Outcome from coma after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Relation to seizures and myoclonus
    • Krumholz A, Stern BJ, Weiss HD: Outcome from coma after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Relation to seizures and myoclonus. Neurology 1988;38:401-405
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 401-405
    • Krumholz, A.1    Stern, B.J.2    Weiss, H.D.3
  • 46
    • 34547590713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status epilepticus: An independent outcome predictor after cerebral anoxia
    • Rossetti AO, Logroscino G, Liaudet L, et al: Status epilepticus: An independent outcome predictor after cerebral anoxia. Neurology 2007;69:255-260
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 255-260
    • Rossetti, A.O.1    Logroscino, G.2    Liaudet, L.3
  • 47
    • 62349083445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of awakening from postanoxic status epilepticus after therapeutic hypothermia
    • Rossetti AO, Oddo M, Liaudet L, et al: Predictors of awakening from postanoxic status epilepticus after therapeutic hypothermia. Neurology 2009;72:744-749
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 744-749
    • Rossetti, A.O.1    Oddo, M.2    Liaudet, L.3
  • 48
    • 30144433320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EEG should be performed during induced hypothermia
    • Hovland A, Nielsen EW, Klüver J, et al: EEG should be performed during induced hypothermia. Resuscitation 2006;68:143-146
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.68 , pp. 143-146
    • Hovland, A.1    Nielsen, E.W.2    Klüver, J.3
  • 49
    • 57749191254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interhospital variability in post-cardiac arrest mortality
    • Carr BG, Kahn JM, Merchant RM, et al: Interhospital variability in post-cardiac arrest mortality. Resuscitation 2009;80:30-34
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 30-34
    • Carr, B.G.1    Kahn, J.M.2    Merchant, R.M.3
  • 50
    • 52449090787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome
    • Nichol G, Thomas E, Callaway CW, et al: Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome. JAMA 2008;300:1423-1431
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , pp. 1423-1431
    • Nichol, G.1    Thomas, E.2    Callaway, C.W.3
  • 51
    • 84971580244 scopus 로고
    • Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
    • Altman DG, Bland JM: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. BMJ 1995;311:485
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.311 , pp. 485
    • Altman, D.G.1    Bland, J.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.