Erosion of tilted fault blocks and deposition of coarse sediments in half-graben basins during late stages of extension: Gold Butte area, Basin and Range Province

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 463, Issue , 2010, Pages 147-170

  Howard, Keith A ^a   Beard, L Sue ^b   Kuntz, M A ^c   Kunk, M J ^b   Sarna Wojcicki, A M ^a   Perkins, M E ^d   Lucchitta, Ivo ^b  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^c DENVER FEDERAL CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATCHMENTS; DEBRIS; EROSION; FAULTING; LIME; STRATIGRAPHY;

BASIN AND RANGE; COARSE SEDIMENT; COARSE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS; COLORADO RIVER; MIOCENE SEDIMENTS; PRIMARY SOURCES; STRATIGRAPHIC ARCHITECTURE; TILTED FAULT BLOCKS;

SEDIMENTS;

BASIN FILL; DEFORMATION; DRAINAGE; EROSION; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; FAULTING; GRABEN; MIOCENE; NORMAL FAULT; PROVENANCE; SANDSTONE; STRATIGRAPHY;

COLORADO RIVER [NORTH AMERICA];

EQUIDAE; PHASIANIDAE;

EID: 78650935595     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/2010.2463(07)     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Allen, P. A., and Densmore, A. L., 2000, Sediment flux from an uplifting fault block: Basin Research, v. 12, p. 367-380, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2117.2000. 00135.x. (Pubitemid 32286021)
2. Allen, P. A., and Hovius, N., 1998, Sediment supply from landslide-dominated catchments: Implications for basin-margin fans: Basin Research, v. 10, p. 19-35, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2117.1998.00060.x. (Pubitemid 28415846)
3. Anderson, R. E., 1973, Large-Magnitude Late Tertiary Strike-Slip Faulting North of Lake Mead, Nevada: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 794, 18 p.
4. Anderson, R. E., Longwell, C. R., Armstrong, R. E., and Marvin, R. F., 1972, Significance of K-Ar ages of Tertiary rocks from the Lake Mead region, Nevada-Arizona: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 83, p. 273-288, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1972) 83[273:SOKAOT]2.0. CO;2.
5. Beard, L. S., 1996, Paleogeography of the Horse Spring Formation in relation to the Lake Mead fault system, Virgin Mountains, Nevada and Arizona, in Beratan, K. K., ed., Reconstructing the History of Basin and Range Extension Using Sedimentology and Stratigraphy: Geological Society of America Special Paper 303, p. 27-60.
6. Beard, L. S., Anderson, R. E., Block, D. L., Bohannon, R. G., Brady, R. J., Castor, S. B., Duebendorfer, E. M., Faulds, J. E., Felger, T. J., Howard, K. A., Kuntz, M. A., and Williams, V. S., 2007, Preliminary Geologic Map of the Lake Mead 30' × 60' Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1010, 109p., 3 plates, scale 1:100, 000, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1010/.
7. Billingsley, G. H., Beard, L. S., Priest, S. S., Wellmeyer, J. L., and Block, D. L., 2004, Geologic Map of the Lower Grand Wash Cliffs and Vicinity, Mohave County, Northwestern Arizona: U. S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2427, scale 1:31, 680, 2 plates, 22 p.
8. Blythe, N., 2005, Basin Analysis Associated with Middle-Miocene Detachment Faulting, Eastern Lake Mead Region, Northwest Arizona [M. S. thesis]: Flagstaff, Northern Arizona University, 225 p.
9. Blythe, N., Umhoefer, P. J., Duebendorfer, E. M., McIntosh, W. C., and Peters, L., 2010, this volume, Development of the Salt Spring Wash Basin in a reentrant in the hanging wall of the South Virgin-White Hills detachment fault, Lake Mead domain, northwest Arizona, in Umhoefer, P. J., Beard, L. S., and Lamb, M. A., eds., Miocene Tectonics of the Lake Mead Region, Central Basin and Range: Geological Society of America Special Paper 463, doi: 10.1130/2010.2463 (04).
10. Bohannon, R. G., 1981, Middle and late Tertiary tectonics of a part of the Basin and Range Province in the vicinity of Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona, in Howard, K. A., Carr, M. D., and Miller, D. M., eds., Tectonic Framework of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts, California and Arizona: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-503, p. 7-9.
11. Bohannon, R. G., 1983, Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic development of the Muddy, North Muddy, and northern Black Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, in Miller, D. M., Todd, V. R., and Howard, K. A., eds., Tectonic and Stratigraphic Studies in the Eastern Great Basin: Geological Society of America Memoir 157, p. 125-148.
12. Bohannon, R. G., 1984, Nonmarine Sedimentary Rocks of Tertiary Age in the Lake Mead Region, Southeastern Nevada and Northwestern Arizona: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1259, 72 p.
13. Brady, R., Wernicke, B., and Fryxell, J., 2000, Kinematic evolution of a largeoffset continental normal fault system, South Virgin Mountains, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, p. 1375-1397.
14. Brady, R. J., Fryxell, J. E., and Wernicke, B. P., 2002, Preliminary Geologic Map of the Iceberg Canyon Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada and Mohave County, Arizona: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 03-18, scale 1:24, 000.
15. Campagna, D. J., and Aydin, A., 1994, Basin genesis associated with strike-slip faulting in the Basin and Range, southeastern Nevada: Tectonics, v. 13, p. 327-341, doi: 10.1029/93TC02723. (Pubitemid 24426975)
16. Cascadden, T. E., 1991, Style of Volcanism and Extensional Tectonics in the Eastern Basin and Range Province, Northern Mohave County, Arizona [M. S. thesis]: Las Vegas, University of Nevada, 133 p.
17. Castor, S. B., and Faulds, J. E., 2001, Post-6-Ma limestone along the southeastern part of the Las Vegas Valley shear zone, southern Nevada, in Young, R. A., and Spamer, E. E., eds., The Colorado River: Origin and Evolution: Grand Canyon, Arizona, Grand Canyon Association Monograph 12, p. 77-79.
18. Denny, C. S., 1965, Alluvial Fans in the Death Valley Region, California and Nevada: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 466, 62 p.
19. Dickinson, W. R., 1991, Tectonic Setting of Faulted Tertiary Strata Associated with the Catalina Core Complex in Southern Arizona: Geological Society of America Special Paper 264, 106 p.
20. Dickinson, W. R., 2002, Structural and Stratigraphic Relationships of Mid-Tertiary Strata in the Hackberry Wash-Indian Camp Wash Intramontane Depression, Tortilla Mountains, Pinal County, Arizona: Arizona Geological Survey Contributed Map CM-02-B, scale 1:24, 000, 13 p. text.
21. Dickinson, W. R., 2008, Conglomerate Clast Counts in Oligocene and Miocene Strata North from the Catalina Core Complex to the Gila River Valley, Southeastern Arizona: Arizona Geological Survey Contributed Report CR-08-C, 34 p.
22. Duebendorfer, E. M., and Sharp, W. D., 1998, Variation in displacement along strike of the South Virgin-White Hills detachment fault: Perspective from the northern White Hills, northwestern Arizona: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, p. 1574-1589, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1998) 110<1574:VIDASO>2.3.CO;2.
23. Duebendorfer, E. M., and Wallin, E. T., 1991, Basin development and syntectonic sedimentation associated with kinematically coupled strike-slip and detachment faulting, southern Nevada: Geology, v. 19, p. 87-90, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613 (1991) 019<0087:BDASSA>2.3.CO;2.
24. Duebendorfer, E. M., Beard, L. S., and Smith, E. I., 1998, Restoration of Tertiary deformation in the Lake Mead region, southern Nevada: The role of strike-slip transfer faults, in Faulds, J. E., and Stewart, J. H., eds., Accommodation Zones and Transfer Zones: The Regional Segmentation of the Basin and Range Province: Geological Society of America Special Paper 323, p. 127-148.
25. Ellis, M. A., Densmore, A. L., and Anderson, R. S., 1999, Development of mountainous topography in the Basin Ranges, USA: Basin Research, v. 11, p. 21-41, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2117.1999.00087.x. (Pubitemid 29388541)
26. Faulds, J. E., Fuerbach, D. L., Miller, C. F., and Smith, E. I., 2001a, Cenozoic evolution of the northern Colorado River extensional corridor, southern Nevada and northwest Arizona, in Erskine, M. C., Faulds, J. E., Bartley, J. M., and Rowley, P. D., eds., The Geologic Transition, High Plateaus to Great Basin-A Symposium and Field Guide (The Mackin Volume): Utah Geological Association Publication 30, p. 239-271.
27. Faulds, J. E., Price, L. M., and Wallace, M. A., 2001b, Pre-Colorado River paleogeography and extension along the Colorado Plateau-Basin and Range boundary, northwestern Arizona, in Young, R. A., and Spamer, E. E., eds., The Colorado River: Origin and Evolution: Grand Canyon, Arizona, Grand Canyon Association Monograph 12, p. 93-99.
28. Faulds, J. E., Howard, K. A., and Duebendorfer, E. M., 2008, Cenozoic evolution of the abrupt Colorado Plateau-Basin and Range boundary, northwest Ari zona: A tale of three basins, immense lacustrine-evaporite deposits, and the nascent Colorado River: Geological Society of America Field Guide 11, p. 119-151, doi: 10.130/2008.fld011 (06).
29. Faulds, J. E., Price, L. M., Snee, L. W., and Gans, P. B., 2010, this volume, A chronicle of Miocene extension near the Colorado Plateau-Basin and Range boundary, southern White Hills, northwestern Arizona: Paleogeographic and tectonic implications, in Umhoefer, P. J., Beard, L. S., and Lamb, M. A., eds., Miocene Tectonics of the Lake Mead Region, Central Basin and Range: Geological Society of America Special Paper 463, doi: 10.1130/2010.2463 (05).
30. Fillmore, R. P., and Walker, J. D., 1996, Evolution of a supradetachment extensional basin: The lower Miocene Pickhandle Basin, central Mojave Desert, California, in Beratan, K. K., ed., Reconstructing the History of Basin and Range Extension Using Sedimentology and Stratigraphy: Geological Society of America Special Paper 303, p. 107-126.
31. Fitzgerald, P. G., Fryxell, J. E., and Wernicke, B. P., 1991, Apatite fission track constraints on the extensional evolution of the Gold Butte crustal section, South Virgin Mountains, Nevada: Geology, v. 19, p. 1013-1016, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613 (1991) 019<1013:MCEAUI>2.3.CO;2.
32. Fitzgerald, P. G., O'Sullivan, P. B., Duebendorfer, E. M., Faulds, J. E., and Fryxell, J. E., 2003, Thermochronologic constraints on extension via detachment faulting in the White Hills of northwest Arizona and Gold Butte block of southeast Nevada: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 6, p. 348.
33. Fryxell, J. E., and Duebendorfer, E. M., 2005, Origin and trajectory of the Frenchman Mountain block, an extensional allochthon in the Basin and Range Province, southern Nevada: The Journal of Geology, v. 113, p. 355-371, doi: 10.1086/428810. (Pubitemid 40815648)
34. Fryxell, J. E., Salton, G. G., Selvertone, J., and Wernicke, B., 1992, Gold Butte crustal section, South Virgin Mountains, Nevada: Tectonics, v. 11, p. 1099-1120, doi: 10.1029/92TC00457.
35. Gawthorpe, R. L., and Leeder, M. R., 2000, Tectono-sedimentary evolution of active extensional basins: Basin Research, v. 12, p. 195-218, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2117.2000.00121.x. (Pubitemid 32286015)
36. Gordon, I., and Heller, P. W., 1993, Evaluating major controls on basinal stratigraphy, Pine Valley, Nevada: Implications for syntectonic deposition: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 47-55.
37. Gupta, S., and Cowie, P., 2000, Processes and controls in the stratigraphic development of extensional basins: Basin Research, v. 12, p. 185-194, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2117.2000.00139.x. (Pubitemid 32286014)
38. Harbor, D. J., 1997, Landscape evolution at the margin of the Basin and Range: Geology, v. 25, p. 1111-1114, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613 (1997) 025 <1111:LEATMO>2.3.CO;2.
39. Harvey, A. M., Mather, A. E., and Stokes, M., 2005, Alluvial fans: Geomorphology, sedimentology, dynamics-Introduction: A review of alluvial-fan research, in Harvey, A. M., Mather, A. E., and Stokes, M., eds., Alluvial Fans: Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Dynamics: Geological Society of London Special Publication 251, p. 1-7.
40. Hook, S. J., Myers, J. J., Thome, K. J., Fitzgerald, M., and Kahle, A. B., 2001, The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER)-A new instrument for earth science studies: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 76, p. 93-102, doi: 10.1016/S0034-4257 (00) 00195-4.
41. Hook, S. J., Dmochowski, J. E., Howard, K. A., Rowan, L. C., Karlstrom, K. E., and Stock, J. M., 2005, Variations in weight percent silica measured from remotely acquired multispectral thermal infrared data-Examples from the Hiller Mountains, Nevada, USA, and Tres Virgenes-La Reforma, Baja California Sur, Mexico: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 95, p. 273-289, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2004.11.020. (Pubitemid 40406110)
42. Horton, B. K., and Schmitt, J. G., 1998, Development and exhumation of a Neogene sedimentary basin during extension, east-central Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, p. 163-172, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1998) 110<0163:DAEOAN>2.3.CO;2.
43. Howard, K. A., 1991, Intrusion of horizontal dikes: Tectonic significance of Middle Proterozoic diabase sheets widespread in the upper crust of the southwestern United States: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, p. 12, 461-12, 478.
44. Howard, K. A., and Bohannon, R. G., 2001, Lower Colorado River; framework, Neogene deposits, incision, and evolution, in Young, R. A., and Spamer, E. E., eds., The Colorado River: Origin and Evolution: Grand Canyon, Arizona, Grand Canyon Association Monograph 12, p. 101-105.
45. Howard, K. A., and John, B. E., 1997, Fault-related folding during extension: Plunging basement-cored folds in the Basin and Range: Geology, v. 25, p. 223-226, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613 (1997) 025<0223:FRFDEP>2.3.CO;2.
46. Howard, K. A., Hook, S. J., Phelps, G. A., and Block, D. L., 2003, Geologic Map of the Hiller Mountains Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 137, scale 1:24, 000, 8p.
47. Howard, K. A., Lundstrom, S. C., Malmon, D. V., and Hooke, S. J., 2008, Age, distribution, and formation of late Cenozoic paleovalleys of the lower Colorado River and their relation to river aggradation and degradation, in Reheis, M. C., Herschler, R., and Miller, D. M., eds., Late Cenozoic Drainage History of the Southwestern Great Basin and Lower Colorado River Region: Geologic and Biotic Perspectives: Geological Society of America Special Paper 439, p. 389-408, doi: 10.1130/2008.2439 (18).
48. Jackson, J., 1999, Fault death: A perspective from actively deforming regions: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 21, p. 1003-1010, doi: 10.1016/S0191-8141 (99) 00013-9.
49. Jackson, J., and Leeder, M., 1994, Drainage systems and the development of normal faults: An example from Pleasant Valley, Nevada: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 16, p. 1041-1059, doi: 10.1016/0191-8141 (94) 90051-5.
50. Keefer, D. K., 1984, Rock avalanches caused by earthquakes: Source characteristics: Science, v. 223, p. 1288-1290, doi: 10.1126/science.223.4642. 1288.
51. King, G., and Ellis, M., 1990, The origin of large local uplift in extensional regions: Nature, v. 348, p. 689-693, doi: 10.1038/348689a0.
52. Lamb, M., Umhoefer, P. J., Anderson, E., Beard, L. S., Hickson, T., and Matin, K. L., 2005, Development of Miocene faults and basins in the Lake Mead region: A tribute to Ernie Anderson and a review of new research on basins, in Pederson, J. L., and Dehler, C. M., eds., Interior United States: Geological Society of America Field Guide 6, p. 389-418.
53. Langenheim, V. E., Beard, L. S., and Faulds, J. E., 2010, this volume, Implications of geophysical analysis on basin geometry and fault offsets in the northern Colorado River extensional corridor and adjoining Lake Mead region, Nevada and Arizona, in Umhoefer, P. J., Beard, L. S., and Lamb, M. A., eds., Miocene Tectonics of the Lake Mead Region, Central Basin and Range: Geological Society of America Special Paper 463, doi: 10.1130/2010.2463 (03).
54. Leeder, M. R., and Jackson, J. A., 1993, The interaction between normal faulting and drainage in active extensional basins, with examples from the western United States and central Greece: Basin Research, v. 5, p. 79-102, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2117.1993.tb00059.x.
55. Longwell, C. R., 1936, Geology of the Boulder Reservoir floor, Arizona-Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 47, p. 1393-1476.
56. Longwell, C. R., 1937, Sedimentation in relation to faulting: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 48, p. 433-442.
57. Longwell, C. R., 1949, Structure of the northern Muddy Mountains area, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 60, p. 923-967, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1949) 60[923:SOTNMM]2.0. CO;2.
58. Longwell, C. R., 1974, Measure and date of movement on Las Vegas Valley shear zone, Clark County, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 85, p. 985-990, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1974) 85 <985:MADOMO>2.0. CO;2.
59. Lucchitta, I., 1966, Cenozoic Geology of the Upper Lake Mead Area Adjacent to the Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona [Ph. D. thesis]: University Park, Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State University, 218 p.
60. Lucchitta, I., 1972, Early history of the Colorado River in the Basin and Range Province: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 83, p. 1933-1948, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1972) 83[1933:EHOTCR]2.0. CO;2.
61. Lucchitta, I., 1987, The mouth of the Grand Canyon and the edge of the Colorado Plateau in the upper Lake Mead area, Arizona, in Beus, S. S., ed., Geological Society of America-Rocky Mountain Section: Geological Society of America Centennial Field Guide 2, p. 365-370.
62. Mack, G. H., and Leeder, M. R., 1999, Climatic and tectonic controls on alluvial fan and axial-fluvial sedimentation in the Plio-Pleistocene Palomas half graben, southern Rio Grande Rift: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 69, p. 635-652.
63. Miller, J. M. G., and John, B. E., 1999, Sedimentation patterns support seismogenic low-angle normal faulting, southeastern California and western Arizona: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, p. 1350-1370, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1999) 111<1350:SPSSLA>2.3.CO;2.
64. Morgan, L. A., and McIntosh, W. C., 2005, Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, Idaho, Western USA: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, no. 3-4, p. 288-306, doi: 10.1130/B25519.1. (Pubitemid 40427046)
65. Pederson, J. L., 2001, Searching for the pre-Grand Canyon Colorado River: The Muddy Creek Formation north of Lake Mead, in Young, R. A., and Spamer, E. E., eds., The Colorado River: Origin and Evolution: Grand Canyon, Arizona, Grand Canyon Association Monograph 12, p. 71-75.
66. Pederson, J. L, Pazzaglia, F. J., Smith, G. A., and Mon, Yun, 2000, Neogene through Quaternary hillslope records, basin sedimentation, and landscape evolution of southeastern Nevada, in Lageson, D. R., Peters, S. G., and Lahren, M., eds., Great Basin and Sierra Nevada: Geological Society of America Field Guide 2, p. 117-134.
67. Perkins, M. E., Brown, F. H., Nash, W. P., McIntosh, W., and Williams, S. K., 1998, Sequence, age, and source of silicic fallout tuffs in middle to late Miocene basins of the northern Basin and Range Province: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, no. 3, p. 344-360.
68. Pierce, H. W., 1973, Thick evaporates in the Basin and Range Province-Arizona, in Coogan, A. H., ed., Fourth Symposium on Salt, Volume 1: Cleveland, Northern Ohio Geological Society, Inc., p. 47-55.
69. Price, L. M., and Faulds, J. E., 1999, Structural development of a major segment of the Colorado Plateau-Basin and Range boundary, southern White Hills, Arizona, in Faulds, J. E., chair, Cenozoic Geology of the Northern Colorado River Extensional Corridor, Southern Nevada and Northwestern Arizona: Economic Implications of Regional Segmentation Structures: Reno, Nevada Petroleum Society, Nevada Petroleum Society 1999 Field Trip Guidebook, p. 139-169.
70. Proffett, J. M., 1977, Cenozoic geology of the Yerington district, Nevada, and implications for the nature and origin of Basin and Range faulting: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 88, p. 247-266, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1977) 88<247:CGOTYD>2.0. CO;2.
71. Proffett, J. M., and Dilles, J. H., 1984, Geologic Map of the Yerington District, Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 77, scale 1:24, 000.
72. Ramsey, M. S., Christensen, P. R., Lancaster, N., and Howard, D. A., 1999, Identification of sand sources and transport pathways at the Kelso Dunes, California, using thermal infrared remote sensing: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, p. 646-662.
73. Reiners, P. W., Brady, R., Farley, K. A., Fryxell, J. E., Wernicke, B., and Lux, D., 2000, Helium and argon thermochronometry of the Gold Butte block, South Virgin Mountains, Nevada: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 178, p. 315-326.
74. Rowland, S. M., Parolini, J. R., Eschner, E., McAllister, A. J., and Rice, J. A., 1990, Sedimentologic and stratigraphic constraints on the Neogene translation and rotation of the Frenchman Mountain structural block, Clark County, Nevada, in Wernicke, B. P., ed., Basin and Range Extensional Tectonics near the Latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada: Geological Society of America Memoir 176, p. 99-122.
75. Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M., 1971, Correlation of Late Cenozoic Pyroclastic Deposits in the Central Coast Ranges of California [Ph. D. thesis]: Berkeley, University of California, 174 p.
76. Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M., 1976, Correlation of Late Cenozoic Tuffs in the Central Coast Ranges of California by Means of Trace-and Minor-Element Chemistry: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 972, 30 p.
77. Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M., 2000, Tephrochonology, in Noller, J. S., Sowers, J. M., and Lettis, W. R., eds., Quaternary Geochronology: Methods and Applications: Washington, D. C., American Geophysical Union, AGU Reference Shelf Volume 4, p. 357-377.
78. Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M., and Davis, J. O., 1991, Quaternary tephrochronology, in Morrison, R. B., ed., Quaternary Nonglacial Geology, Conterminous U. S.: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. K-2, p. 93-116.
79. Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M., Bowman, H. R., Meyer, C. E., Russel, P. C., Woodward, M. J., McCoy, G., Rowe, J. J., Baedecker, P. A., Asaro, F., and Michael, H., 1984, Chemical Analyses, Correlations, and Ages of Upper Pliocene and Pleistocene Ash Layers of East-Central and Southern California: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1293, 40 p.
80. 39 Ar geochronology of the Hualapai Limestone and Bouse Formation and implications for the age of the lower Colorado River, in Young, R. A., and Spamer, E. E., eds., The Colorado River: Origin and Evolution: Grand Canyon, Arizona, Grand Canyon Association Monograph 12, p. 89-91.
81. Suydam, J. D., and Gaylord, D. R., 1997, Toroda Creek half graben, northeast Washington: Late-stage sedimentary infilling of a synextensional basin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 1333-1348, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1997) 109<1333:TCHGNW>2.3.CO;2.
82. Theodore, T. G., Blair, W. N., and Nash, J. T., 1987, Geology and Gold Mineralization of the Gold Basin-Lost Basin Mining Districts, Mohave County, Arizona: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1361, 167 p.
83. Wallace, M. A., Faulds, J. E., and Brady, R., 2005, Geologic Map of the Meadview North Quadrangle, Arizona and Nevada: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Map 154, scale 1:24, 000, 21 p.
84. Wernicke, B., and Axen, G. J., 1988, On the role of isostasy in the evolution of normal fault systems: Geology, v. 16, p. 848-851, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613 (1988) 016<0848:OTROII>2.3.CO;2.
85. Yarnold, J., and Lombard, J., 1989, A facies model for large rock-avalanche deposits formed in dry climates, in Colburn, I., Abbott, P., and Minch, J., eds., Conglomerates in Basin Analysis: A Symposium Dedicated to A. O. Woodford: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 62, p. 9-31.