Tips for successful microvascular abdominal flap breast reconstruction utilizing the "total rib preservation" technique for internal mammary vessel exposure

Annals of Plastic Surgery

Volumn 66, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 36-42

  Malata, Charles M ^a   Moses, Michael ^a   Mickute, Zita ^b   Di Candia, Michele ^a  

^a ADDENBROOKE S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

costal cartilage; internal mammary vessels; microvascular breast reconstruction; prospective assessment; recipient site morbidity; rib preservation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANASTOMOSIS; ARTICLE; BREAST RECONSTRUCTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAMMARY ARTERY; METHODOLOGY; MICROSURGERY; MIDDLE AGED; PLASTIC SURGERY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RIB; VASCULARIZATION;

ADULT; ANASTOMOSIS, SURGICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAMMAPLASTY; MAMMARY ARTERIES; MICROSURGERY; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RIBS; SURGICAL FLAPS;

EID: 78650909807     PISSN: 01487043     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181e19daf     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Nejedlý A, Tvrdek M, Kletenský J, et al. Internal mammary vessels as recipient vessels to the free TRAM flap. Acta Chir Plast. 1995;37: 17-19.
2. Hefel L, Schwabegger A, Ninković M, et al. Internal mammary vessels: anatomical and clinical considerations. Br J Plast Surg. 1995;48:527-532.
3. Arnez ZM, Valdatta L, Tyler MP, et al. Anatomy of the internal mammary veins and their use in free TRAM flap breast reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg. 1995;48:540-545.
4. Dupin CL, Allen RJ, Glass CA, et al. The internal mammary artery and vein as a recipient site for free-flap breast reconstruction: a report of 110 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996;98:685-689; discussion 690-692.
5. Majumder S, Batchelor AG. Internal mammary vessels as recipients for free TRAM breast reconstruction: aesthetic and functional considerations. Br J Plast Surg. 1999;52:286-289.
6. Quaba O, Brown A, Stevenson H. Internal mammary vessels, recipient vessels of choice for free tissue breast reconstruction? Br J Plast Surg. 2005;58:881-882.
7. Saint-Cyr M, Youssef A, Bae HW, et al. Changing trends in recipient vessel selection for microvascular autologous breast reconstruction: an analysis of 1483 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119:1993-2000.
8. Blondeel PN, Boeckx WD. Refinements in free flap breast reconstruction: the free bilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator flap anastomosed to the internal mammary artery. Br J Plast Surg. 1994;47:495-501.
9. Ninković M, Anderl H, Hefel L, et al. Internal mammary vessels: a reliable recipient system for free flaps in breast reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg. 1995;48:533-539.
10. Arnez ZM, Khan U. The internal mammary artery and vein as a recipient site for free-flap breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;100:1359-1360.
11. Ninković MM, Schwabegger AH, Anderl H. Internal mammary vessels as a recipient site. Clin Plast Surg. 1998;25:213-221.
12. Moran SL, Nava G, Behnam AB, et al. An outcome analysis comparing the thoracodorsal and internal mammary vessels as recipient sites for microvas-cular breast reconstruction: a prospective study of 100 patients. Plast Recon-str Surg. 2003;111:1876-1882.
13. Temple CL, Strom EA, Youssef A, et al. Choice of recipient vessels in delayed TRAM flap breast reconstruction after radiotherapy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115:105-113.
14. Hofer SO, Rakhorst HA, Mureau MA, et al. Pathological internal mammary lymph nodes in secondary and tertiary deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstructions. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;55:583-586.
15. Arnez ZM, Snoj M. Sampling of internal mammary chain lymph nodes during breast reconstruction by free flaps from the abdomen. Tumori. 2005;91:415-417.
16. Salim F, Mehrara B, Mosahebi A. The routine sampling of internal mammary nodes as part of breast reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008; 61:1419.
17. Knight MA, Nguyen DT, Kobayashi MR, et al. Incidental positive internal mammary lymph nodes: a multiple international institutional investigation. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2008;24:197-202.
18. Kronowitz SJ, Kuerer HM, Hunt KK, et al. Impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy on the evolution of breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006; 118:1089-1099.
19. Kavouni A, Shibu M. Problems associated with the use of internal mammary vessels as recipients for free flap breast reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg. 1999;52:597.
20. Serletti JM, Moran SL, Orlando GS, et al. Thoracodorsal vessels as recipient vessels for the free TRAM flap in delayed breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;104:1649-1655.
21. Lorenzetti F, Kuokkanen H, von Smitten K, et al. Intraoperative evaluation of blood flow in the internal mammary or thoracodorsal artery as a recipient vessel for a free TRAM flap. Ann Plast Surg. 2001;46:590-593.
22. Al-Benna S, Grob M, Mosahebi A, et al. Caution note on the use of the internal mammary artery in breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117:1653-1654.
23. Nahabedian MY. Cautionary note on the use of the internal mammary artery in breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119:425-426.
24. Snelling AP, Mosahebi A, Pereira J, et al. Use of the internal mammary vessels in breast reconstruction: a cautionary note. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119:1626-1627.
25. Al-Benna S. Caution in the use of the internal mammary artery in breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120:348.
26. Carrier M, Gregoire J, Tronc F, et al. Effect of internal mammary artery dissection on sternal vascularization. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992;53:115-119.
27. Conacher ID, Doig JC, Rivas L, et al. Intercostal neuralgia associated with internal mammary artery grafting. Anaesthesia. 1993;48:1070-1071.
28. Knudsen FW, Andersen M, Niebuhr U, et al. The role of the internal thoracic artery in the sternal blood supply. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1993; 27:3-8.
29. Pratt GF, Faris JG, Lethbridge M, et al. Breast reconstruction with a free DIEP (TRAM) flap complicated by cardiac tamponade and arrest: a case report. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;62:e73-e75.
30. Nahabedian MY. The internal mammary artery and vein as recipient vessels for microvascular breast reconstruction: are we burning a future bridge? Ann Plast Surg. 2004;53:311-316.
31. Levine JL, Allen RJ, Khoobehi K. Opened book technique for accessing the internal mammary vessels for microanastomosis. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2006;22.
32. Parrett BM, Caterson SA, Tobias AM, et al. The rib-sparing technique for internal mammary vessel exposure in microsurgical breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2008;60:241-243.
33. Schoeller T, Schubert HM, Wechselberger G. Rib cartilage replacement to prevent contour deformity after internal mammary vessel access. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61:464-466.
34. Guzzetti T, Thione A. Successful breast reconstruction with a perforator to deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. Ann Plast Surg. 2001;46:641-643.
35. Park MC, Lee JH, Chung J, et al. Use of internal mammary vessel perforator as a recipient vessel for free TRAM breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2003;50:132-137.
36. Haywood RM, Raurell A, Perks AG, et al. Autologous free tissue breast reconstruction using the internal mammary perforators as recipient vessels. Br J Plast Surg. 2003;56:689-691.
37. Munhoz AM, Ishida LH, Montag E, et al. Perforator flap breast reconstruction using internal mammary perforator branches as a recipient site: an anatomical and clinical analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114:62-68.
38. Rosson GD, Holton LH, Silverman RP, et al. Internal mammary perforators: a cadaver study. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2005;21:239-242.
39. Rad AN, Flores JI, Rosson GD. Free DIEP and SIEA breast reconstruction to internal mammary intercostal perforating vessels with arterial microanasto-mosis using a mechanical coupling device. Microsurgery. 2008;28:407-411.
40. Nakatani K, Maeda H, Tanaka Y, et al. Perforating branches of the internal thoracic artery in women with breast cancer: an anatomical study for breast-conservation surgery. Oncol Rep. 2008;19:1299-1303.
41. Munhoz AM. Internal mammary perforator recipient vessels for breast reconstruction using free TRAM, DIEP, and SIEA flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122:315-316.
42. Schmidt M, Aszmann OC, Beck H, et al. The anatomic basis of the internal mammary artery perforator flap: a cadaver study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010;63:191-196.
43. Hamdi M, Blondeel P, Van Landuyt K, et al. Algorithm in choosing recipient vessels for perforator free flap in breast reconstruction: the role of the internal mammary perforators. Br J Plast Surg. 2004;57:258-265.
44. Saint-Cyr M, Chang DW, Robb GL, et al. Internal mammary perforator recipient vessels for breast reconstruction using free TRAM, DIEP, and SIEA flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120:1769-1773.
45. Mosahebi A, Da Lio A, Mehrara BJ. The use of a pectoralis major flap to improve internal mammary vessels exposure and reduce contour deformity in microvascular free flap breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2008;61:30-34.
46. Boyd B, Umansky J, Samson M, et al. Robotic harvest of internal mammary vessels in breast reconstruction. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2006;22:261-266.
47. Clark CP, Rohrich RJ, Copit S, et al. An anatomic study of the internal mammary veins: clinical implications for free-tissue-transfer breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;99:400-404. (Pubitemid 127747872)
48. Schwabegger AH, Milomir N. Internal mammary artery and vein. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;100:1360-1361.
49. Sacks JM, Chang DW. Rib-sparing internal mammary vessel harvest for microvascular breast reconstruction in 100 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;123:1403-1407.
50. Schwabegger AH, Ninković MM, Moriggl B, et al. Internal mammary veins: classification and surgical use in free-tissue transfer. J Reconstr Microsurg. 1997;13:17-23.
51. Whitfield GA, Horan G, Irwin MS, et al. Incidence of severe capsular contracture following implant-based immediate breast reconstruction with or without postoperative chest wall radiotherapy using 40 Gray in 15 fractions. Radiother Oncol. 2009;90:141-147.
52. Bar-Meir ED, Yueh JH, Tobias AM, et al. Autologous fat grafting: a technique for stabilization of the microvascular pedicle in DIEP flap reconstruction. Microsurgery. 2008;28:495-498.
53. Hartrampf CR, Scheflan M, Black PW. Breast reconstruction with a transverse abdominal island flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982;69:216-225.
54. Allen RJ, Treece P. Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 1994;32:32-38.
55. Weiler-Mithoff E, Hodgson EL, Malata CM. Perforator flap breast reconstruction. Breast Dis. 2002;16:93-106.
56. Malata CM, McIntosh SA, Purushotham AD. Immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy for cancer. Br J Surg. 2000;87:1455-1472.
57. Mickute Z, DiCandia M, Moses MA, et al. A retrospective comparison of analgesia requirements in patients undergoing free flap breast reconstruction with and without total rib preservation. Br J Surg. 2009;96:24.
58. Srivastava A, Tripathi DM, Zaman W, et al. Subcostal versus transcostal mini donor nephrectomy: is rib resection responsible for pain related donor morbidity. J Urol. 2003;170:738-740.
59. Mailis A, Umana M, Feindel CM. Anterior intercostal nerve damage after coronary artery bypass graft surgery with use of internal thoracic artery graft. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:1455-1458.
60. Eisenberg E, Pultorak Y, Pud D, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of post coronary artery bypass graft surgery pain (PCP). Pain. 2001;92:11-17. (Pubitemid 32367932)