Geographic and demographic variability in 20-year hypertension incidence: The CARDIA study

Hypertension

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 39-47

  Levine, Deborah A ^a,b   Lewis, Cora E ^b   Williams, O Dale ^b   Safford, Monika M ^b   Liu, Kiang ^c   Calhoun, David A ^b   Kim, Yongin ^b   Jacobs, David R ^d   Kiefe, Catarina I ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b and Clinical Center   (United States)

^c NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

demography; epidemiology; geography; hypertension; incidence

Indexed keywords

URIC ACID;

ADJUSTMENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY; DEMOGRAPHY; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HAZARD RATIO; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PATIENT EDUCATION; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RACE; RACE DIFFERENCE; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; STROKE; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TIME; UNITED STATES; URBAN AREA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGE FACTORS; ALCOHOL DRINKING; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BODY MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COHORT STUDIES; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOTOR ACTIVITY; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; SMOKING; URIC ACID; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 78650839484     PISSN: 0194911X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.160341     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Morbidity and Mortality 2009 Chart Book on Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health 2009.
2. Mensah GA, Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Greenlund KJ, Croft JB. State of disparities in cardiovascular health in the United States. Circulation. 2005;111:1233-1241.
3. Hozawa A, Folsom AR, Sharrett AR, Chambless LE. Absolute and attributable risks of cardiovascular disease incidence in relation to optimal and borderline risk factors: comparison of African American with white subjects- Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:573-579.
4. Thomas AJ, Eberly LE, Davey Smith G, Neaton JD, Stamler J. Race/ethnicity, income, major risk factors, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Am J Public Health. 2005;95:1417-1423.
5. Howard G, Cushman M, Prineas RJ, Howard VJ, Moy CS, Sullivan LM, D'Agostino RB Sr, McClure LA, Pulley L, Safford MM. Advancing the hypothesis that geographic variations in risk factors contribute relatively little to observed geographic variations in heart disease and stroke mortality. Prev Med. 2009;49:129-132.
6. Ezzati M, Oza S, Danaei G, Murray CJ. Trends and cardiovascular mortality effects of state-level blood pressure and uncontrolled hypertension in the United States. Circulation. 2008;117:905-914.
7. Stolley PD, Kuller LH, Nefzger MD, Tonascia S, Lilienfeld AM, Miller GD, Diamond EL. Three-area epidemiological study of geographic differences in stroke mortality. II. Results. Stroke. 1977;8:551-557.
8. Filate WA, Johansen HL, Kennedy CC, Tu JV. Regional variations in cardiovascular mortality in Canada. Can J Cardiol. 2003;19:1241-1248.
9. Miura K, Daviglus ML, Dyer AR, Liu K, Garside DB, Stamler J, Greenland P. Relationship of blood pressure to 25-year mortality due to coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, and all causes in young adult men: the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1501-1508.
10. Perry HM, Roccella EJ. Conference report on stroke mortality in the southeastern United States. Hypertension. 1998;31:1206-1215.
11. Wong MD, Shapiro MF, Boscardin WJ, Ettner SL. Contribution of major diseases to disparities in mortality. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1585-1592.
12. Obisesan TO, Vargas CM, Gillum RF. Geographic variation in stroke risk in the United States. Region, urbanization, and hypertension in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Stroke. 2000;31: 19-25.
13. Kiefe CI, Williams OD, Bild DE, Lewis CE, Hilner JE, Oberman A. Regional disparities in the incidence of elevated blood pressure among young adults: the CARDIA study. Circulation. 1997;96:1082-1088.
14. Gillum RF, Mussolino ME, Madans JH. Relation between region of residence in the United States and hypertension incidence-the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004;96:625-634.
15. Johnson AL, Cornoni JC, Cassel JC, Tyroler HA, Heyden S, Hames CG. Influence of race, sex and weight on blood pressure behavior in young adults. Am J Cardiol. 1975;35:523-530.
16. Apostolides AY, Cutter G, Daugherty SA, Detels R, Kraus J, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Ware J. Three-year incidence of hypertension in thirteen U.S. communities. On behalf of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program cooperative group. Prev Med. 1982;11:487-499.
17. Rywik SL, Williams OD, Pajak A, Broda G, Davis CE, Kawalec E, Manolio TA, Piotrowski W, Hutchinson R. Incidence and correlates of hypertension in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and the Monitoring Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease (POL-MONICA) project. J Hypertens. 2000;18:999-1006.
18. He J, Klag MJ, Appel LJ, Charleston J, Whelton PK. Seven-year incidence of hypertension in a cohort of middle-aged African Americans and whites. Hypertension. 1998;31:1130-1135.
19. Friedman GD, Cutter GR, Donahue RP, Hughes GH, Hulley SB, Jacobs DR Jr, Liu K, Savage PJ. CARDIA: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41: 1105-1116.
20. CARDIA Exam Materials Manuals of Operation. Available at: http://www.cardia.dopm.uab.edu/em-moop.htm. Accessed September 22, 2009.
21. Hozawa A, Jacobs DR Jr, Steffes MW, Gross MD, Steffen LM, Lee DH. Circulating carotenoid concentrations and incident hypertension: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. J Hypertens. 2009;27:237-242.
22. Dyer AR, Liu K, Walsh M, Kiefe C, Jacobs DR Jr, Bild DE. Ten-year incidence of elevated blood pressure and its predictors: the CARDIA study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults. J Hum Hypertens. 1999;13:13-21.
23. Rathmann W, Funkhouser E, Dyer AR, Roseman JM. Relations of hyper-uricemia with the various components of the insulin resistance syndrome in young black and white adults: the CARDIA study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. Ann Epidemiol. 1998;8:250-261.
24. Parker ED, Schmitz KH, Jacobs DR Jr, Dengel DR, Schreiner PJ. Physical activity in young adults and incident hypertension over 15 years of follow-up: the CARDIA study. Am J Public Health. 2007;97:703-709.
25. Lockheart MS, Steffen LM, Rebnord HM, Fimreite RL, Ringstad J, Thelle DS, Pedersen JI, Jacobs DR Jr. Dietary patterns, food groups and myocardial infarction: a case-control study. Br J Nutr. 2007;98:380-387.
26. Shaper AG, Pocock SJ, Walker M, Cohen NM, Wale CJ, Thomson AG. British Regional Heart Study: cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men in 24 towns. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 1981;283:179-186.
27. Bruce NG, Cook DG, Shaper AG, Thomson AG. Geographical variations in blood pressure in British men and women. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43: 385-398.
28. Tell GS, Rutan GH, Kronmal RA, Bild DE, Polak JF, Wong ND, Borhani NO. Correlates of blood pressure in community-dwelling older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group. Hypertension. 1994;23:59-67.
29. Diez Roux AV, Chambless L, Merkin SS, Arnett D, Eigenbrodt M, Nieto FJ, Szklo M, Sorlie P. Socioeconomic disadvantage and change in blood pressure associated with aging. Circulation. 2002;106:703-710.
30. Hajjar I, Kotchen T. Regional variations of blood pressure in the United States are associated with regional variations in dietary intakes: the NHANES-III data. J Nutr. 2003;133:211-214.
31. Zhao L, Stamler J, Yan LL, Zhou B, Wu Y, Liu K, Daviglus ML, Dennis BH, Elliott P, Ueshima H, Yang J, Zhu L, Guo D. Blood pressure differences between northern and southern Chinese: role of dietary factors: the International Study on Macronutrients and Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2004;43:1332-1337.
32. Kotchen TA, Kotchen JM. Regional variations of blood pressure: environment or genes? Circulation. 1997;96:1071-1073.
33. Modesti PA, Morabito M, Bertolozzi I, Massetti L, Panci G, Lumachi C, Giglio A, Bilo G, Caldara G, Lonati L, Orlandini S, Maracchi G, Mancia G, Gensini GF, Parati G. Weather-related changes in 24-hour blood pressure profile: effects of age and implications for hypertension management. Hypertension. 2006;47:155-161.
34. Auchincloss AH, Diez Roux AV, Dvonch JT, Brown PL, Barr RG, Daviglus ML, Goff DC, Kaufman JD, O'Neill MS. Associations between recent exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and blood pressure in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116:486-491.
35. Schwartz J, Park SK, O'Neill MS, Vokonas PS, Sparrow D, Weiss S, Kelsey K. Glutathione-S-transferase M1, obesity, statins, and autonomic effects of particles: gene-by-drug-by-environment interaction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172:1529-1533.
36. Winkleby MA, Ragland DR, Syme SL, Fisher JM. Heightened risk of hypertension among black males: the masking effects of covariables. Am J Epidemiol. 1988;128:1075-1083.
37. Calhoun DA, Oparil S. Racial differences in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Am J Med Sci. 1995;310(suppl 1):S86-S90.
38. Yan LL, Liu K, Matthews KA, Daviglus ML, Ferguson TF, Kiefe CI. Psychosocial factors and risk of hypertension: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. J Am Med Assoc. 2003;290:2138-2148.
39. He FJ, Markandu ND, Sagnella GA, MacGregor GA. Importance of the renin system in determining blood pressure fall with salt restriction in black and white hypertensives. Hypertension. 1998;32:820-824.
40. Dekkers JC, Snieder H, Van Den Oord EJ, Treiber FA. Moderators of blood pressure development from childhood to adulthood: a 10-year longitudinal study. J Pediatr. 2002;141:770-779.
41. Wang X, Poole JC, Treiber FA, Harshfield GA, Hanevold CD, Snieder H. Ethnic and gender differences in ambulatory blood pressure trajectories: results from a 15-year longitudinal study in youth and young adults. Circulation. 2006;114:2780-2787.
42. Howard VJ, Cushman M, Pulley L, Gomez CR, Go RC, Prineas RJ, Graham A, Moy CS, Howard G. The reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study: objectives and design. Neuroepidemiology. 2005;25:135-143.
43. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives. The ARIC investigators. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;129:687-702.
44. Voors AW, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Time course study of blood pressure in children over a three-year period. Bogalusa Heart Study. Hypertension. 1980;2:102-108.