Sensors in spray processes

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 668-694

  Fauchais, P ^a   Vardelle, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIMOGES   (France)

Author keywords

Cold spray; Particles in flight; Sensors; Suspension spraying; Thermal spray

Indexed keywords

ARC ROOTS; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK; COATING FORMATION; COATING TEMPERATURE; COATING THICKNESS; COLD PARTICLES; COLD SPRAY; FACTORIAL DESIGN; FLIGHT MEASUREMENTS; HARSH ENVIRONMENT; HOT GAS; HOT PARTICLES; ILLUMINATION TECHNIQUES; LASER FLASH; LIQUID PENETRATION; PARTICLE IN-FLIGHT; PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES; PARTICLES IN-FLIGHT; PLASMA JET TEMPERATURE; PROCESSING PARAMETERS; REPRODUCIBILITIES; SENSOR DATA; SET-POINT; SPRAY BOOTHS; SPRAY CONDITIONS; SPRAY PARAMETERS; SPRAY PATTERN; SPRAY PROCESS; STRESS DEVELOPMENT; SUSPENSION SPRAYING; THERMAL SPRAY; TRANSIENT CONDITIONS; WIRE ARC; WORKING AREAS;

GASES; HEAT FLUX; ION BEAMS; LIQUIDS; NEURAL NETWORKS; PLASMA ACCELERATORS; PLASMA JETS; SENSORS; SPRAYED COATINGS; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; THERMAL SPRAYING; THICKNESS MEASUREMENT;

SUSPENSIONS (FLUIDS);

EID: 78650804190     PISSN: 10599630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11666-010-9485-0     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (171)

1. J.R. Davis, Ed., Handbook of Thermal Spray Technology, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2004
2. Thermal Spraying, Practice, Theory and Application, American Welding Society, Miami, Fl, 1985
3. L. Pawlowski, The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings, Wiley, New York, 1995
4. J. Vattulainen, E. Hämäläinen, R. Hernberg, P. Vuoristo, and T. Mäntylä, Novel Method for In-Flight Particle Temperature and Velocity Measurements in Plasma Spraying Using a Single CCD Camera, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2001, 10(1), p 94-104
5. V. Srinivasan, A. Vaidya, T. Streibl, M. Friis, and S. Sampath, On the Reproducibility of Air Plasma Spray Process and Control of Particle State, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(4), p 739-743
6. M.P. Planche, R. Bolot, and C. Coddet, In-Flight Characteristics of Plasma Sprayed Alumina Particles: Measurements, Modeling, and Comparison, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2003, 12(1), p 101-111
7. S. Sampath, V. Srinivasan, A. Valarezo, A. Vaidya, and T. Streibl, Sensing, Control, and In Situ Measurement of Coating Properties: An Integrated Approach Toward Establishing Process-Property Correlations, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2009, 18(2), p 243-255
8. M. Friis and C. Persson, Control of Thermal Spray Processes by Means of Process Maps and Process Windows, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2003, 12(1), p 44-52
9. L. Leblanc and C Moreau, The Long-Term Stability of Plasma Spraying, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2002, 11(3), p 380-386
10. P. Fauchais, J.F. Coudert, and M. Vardelle, Diagnostics in Thermal Plasma Processing, Plasma Diagnostics, Vol 1, O. Auciello and D.L. Flamm, Ed., Academic Press, London, 1989, p 349-446
11. P. Fauchais et al, Diagnostics of Thermal Spraying Plasma Jets, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1992, 1(2), p 117-128
12. J.R. Fincke, D.C. Haggard, and W.D. Swank, Particle Temperature Measurement in the Thermal Spray Process, .J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2001, 10(2), p 255-266
13. C-J. Li, T. Wu, C.-X. Li, and B. Sun, Effect of Spray Particle Trajectory on the Measurement Signal of Particle Parameters Based on Thermal Radiation, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2003, 12(1), p 80-94
14. C. Moreau, P. Gougeon, M. Lamontagne, V. Lacasse, G. Vaudreuil, and P. Cielo, On-Line Control of the Plasma Spraying Process by Monitoring the Temperature, Velocity and Trajectory of In-Flight Particles, Thermal Spray Industrial Applications, C.C. Berndt and S. Sampath, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1994, p 431-437
15. M. Prystay, P. Gougeon, and C Moreau, Correlation Between Particle Temperature and Velocity and the Structure of Plasma Sprayed Zirconia Coatings, Thermal Spray: Practical Solutions for Engineering Problems, C.C. Berndt, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1996, p 517-523
16. M. Vardelle, A. Vardelle, A.C. Leger, P. Fauchais, and D. Gobin, Influence of the Particle Parameters at Impact on Splat Formation and Solidification in Plasma Spraying Processes, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1995, 4(1), p 50-58
17. P. Fauchais, M. Vardelle, A. Vardelle, and L. Bianchi, Plasma Spray: Study of the Coating Generation, Ceram. Int., 1996, 22, p 295-303
18. P. Fauchais, M. Vardelle, A. Vardelle, L. Bianchi, and A.C. Leger, Parameters Controlling the Generation and Properties of Plasma Sprayed Zirconia Coatings, Plasma. Chem. Plasma Process., 1996, 16, p S99-S126
19. P. Wang, S.C.M. Yu, and H.W. Ng, Correlation of Plasma Sprayed Coating Deposition Efficiency with Volume Flux Measurements by Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA), Plasma. Chem. Plasma Process., 2007, 27, p 311-336
20. J.-G. Legoux, B. Arsenault, L. Leblanc, V. Bouyer, and C. Moreau, Evaluation of Four High Velocity Thermal Spray Guns Using WC-10% Co-4% Cr Cermets, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2002, 11(1), p 86-94
21. G. Renouard-Vallet, "Elaboration by Plasma Spraying of Dense and Thin (a Few Tens of Micrometers) Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Electrolytes for SOFCs," Ph.D. Thesis, University of Limoges France, February 8, 2004
22. G. Mauer, R. Vaßen, and D. Stöver, Comparison and Applications of DPV-2000 and Accuraspray-g3 Diagnostic Systems, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(3), p 414-424
23. B.R. Marple, J. Voyer, J.F. Bisson, and C. Moreau, Thermal Spraying of Nanostructured Cermet Coatings, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2001, 117(3), p 418-423
24. K. Landes, Diagnostics in Plasma Spraying Techniques, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 201, p 1948-1954
25. P. Gougeon and C. Moreau, In-Flight Particle Surface Temperature Measurement: Influence of the Plasma Light Scattered by the Particles, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1993, 2(3), p 229-233
26. S.P. Mates, D. Basak, F.S. Biancaniello, S.D. Ridder, and J. Geist, Calibration of a Two-Color Imaging Pyrometer and Its Use for Particle Measurements in Controlled Air Plasma Spray Experiments, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2002, 11(2), p 195-205
27. M.P. Planche, H. Liao, and C. Coddet, Relationships Between In-Flight Particle Characteristics and Coating Microstructure with a Twin Wire Arc Spray Process and Different Working Conditions, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, 182, p 215-226
28. J.F. Bissons, M. Lamontagne, C. Moreau, L. Pouliot, J. Blain, and F. Nadeau, Ensemble In-Flight Particle Diagnostics Under Thermal Spray Conditions, Thermal Spray 2001: New Surfaces for a New Millennium, C.C. Berndt, K.A. Khor, and E.F. Lugscheider, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2001, p 705-714
29. T. Streibl, A. Vaidya, M. Friis, V. Srinivasan, and S. Sampath, A Critical Assessment of Particle Temperature Distributions During Plasma Spraying: Experimental Results for YSZ, Plasma. Chem. Plasma Process., 2006, 26(1), p 73-102
30. M. Vardelle, A. Vardelle, P. Fauchais, K.-I. Li, B. Dussoubs, and N.J. Themelis, Controlling Particle Injection in Plasma Spraying, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2001, 10(2), p 267-284
31. 2 Gas Mixtures, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1999, 8(4), p 545-552
32. M.P. Planche, R. Bolot, O. Landemarre, and C. Coddet, Comparison Between Experimental and Numerical Results Obtained on In-Flight Particles Characteristics, Thermal Spray: Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century, Vol 2, C. Coddet, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1998, p 355-360
33. R. Bolot, V. Morin, and C. Coddet, Correlation Between Simulations and Plasma Spray Coatings Properties, Thermal Spray 2001: New Surface for a New Millenium, C.C. Berndt, K.A. Khor, and E. Lugsheider, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2001, p 883-888
34. B. Dussoubs, A. Vardelle, G. Mariaux, N.J. Themelis, and P. Fauchais, Modeling of Plasma Spraying of Two Powders, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2001, 10(1), p 105-110
35. G. Delluc, L. Perrin, H. Ageorges, P. Fauchais, and B. Pateyron, Modelling of Plasma Jet and Particle Behavior in Spraying Conditions, ITSC2004, Modeling and Simulation V, DVS, Düsseldorf, Germany, 2004 (CD-Rom)
36. M. Li and P.D. Christofides, Feedback Control of HVOF Spray Process Accounting for Powder Size Distribution, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2004, 13(1), p 108-120
37. T. Zhang, D.T. Gawne, and B. Liu, Computer Modelling of the Influence of Process Parameters on the Heating and Acceleration of Particles During Plasma Spraying, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2000, 132, p 233-243
38. A. Devasenapathi, C.B. Aug, S.C.M. Yu, and H.W. Ng, Role of Particle Injection Velocity on Coating Microstructure of Plasma Sprayed Alumina-Validation of Process Chart, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2001, 139, p 44-54
39. J. Wilden, H. Frank, and J.-P. Bergmann, Process and Microstructure Simulation in Thermal Spraying, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 201, p 1962-1968
40. S. Kamnis, S. Gu, and N. Zeoli, Mathematical Modelling of Inconel 718 Particles in HVOF Thermal Spraying, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202, p 2715-2724
41. L. An, Y. Gao, and T. Zhang, Effect of Powder Injection Location on Ceramic Coatings Properties When Using Plasma Spray, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(5-6), p 967-973
42. H.-B. Xiong, L.-L. Zheng, S. Sampath, R.L. Williamson, and J.R. Fincke, Three-Dimensional Simulation of Plasma Spray: Effects of Carrier Gas Flow and Particle Injection on Plasma Jet and Entrained Particle Behavior, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 2004, 47, p 5189-5200
43. P. Fauchais, G. Montavon, and G. Bertrand, Influence of Powders on Thermal Spray Coating Structures: Recent Developments in Nano or Finely Structured Coatings and Some Safety Issues, Thermal Spray 2009: Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-C. Lau, C.-J. Li, R.S. Lima, and G. Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2009, p 799-817
44. A. Vardelle, P. Fauchais, B. Dussoubs, and J.N. Themlis, Heat Generation and Particle Injection in a Thermal Plasma Torch, Plasma. Chem. Plasma Process., 1998, 18, p 551-574
45. R. Bandyopadhyay and P. Nylén, A Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Gas and Particle Flow in Flame Spraying, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2003, 12(4), p 492-503
46. S. Gu, D.G. McCartney, C.N. Eastwick, and K. Simmons, Numerical Modeling of In-Flight Characteristics of Inconel 625 Particles During High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel Thermal Spraying, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2004, 13(2), p 200-211
47. E. Kadyrov, Gas-Particle Interaction in Detonation Spraying Process, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1996, 5(2), p 185-195
48. W. Tillmann, E. Vogli, and J. Nebel, Development of Detonation Flame Sprayed Cu-Base Coatings Containing Large Ceramic Particles, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(5-6), p 751-758
49. M.I. Boulos, Heating the Powders in the Fire Ball of an Induction Plasma, IEEE Trans.. Plasma Sci., 1978, PS.6, p 93-106
50. M.I, Boulos, The Inductively Coupled R.F. (Radio Frequency) Plasma, Pure Appl. Chem., 1985, 57(9), p 1321-1352
51. M.I. Boulos, RF Induction Plasma Spraying: State-of-the-Art Review, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1992, 1(1), p 33-40
52. S. Abukawa, T. Takabate, and K. Tani, Effect of Powder Injection of Deposit Efficiency in Plasma Spraying, Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference, B. Marple et al, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006 (e-proc)
53. T. Han, Z. Zhao, B.A. Gillispie, and J.R. Smith, Effects of Spray Conditions on Coating Formation by the Kinetic Spray Process, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2005, 14(3), p 373-383
54. K. Balani, T. Laha, A. Agarwal, J. Karthikeyan, and N. Munroe, Effect of Carrier Gases on Microstructural and Electrochemical Behavior of Cold-Sprayed 1100 Aluminum Coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2005, 195, p 272-279
55. M. Vardelle, C Bossoutrot, T.H. Renault, F. Braillard, and H. Hoffmann, "Dispositif et procédé de contrôle d'une projection thermique," SNECMA Services-SPCTS Laboratory, Published 03/03/2004, Patent no EP: 1 340 578 A3
56. J. Zierhut, K. Landes, C. Waas, D. Kutscher, P. Heinrich, and W. Krömmer, Particle Flux Imaging, ITSC99 Proceedings, E. Lugsheider, Ed., DVS, Düsseldorf, Germany, 1999, p 340-344
57. J.F. Bisson, B. Gauthier, and C. Moreau, Effect of Plasma Fluctuations on In-Flight Particle Parameters, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2003, 12(1), p 38-43
58. J.F. Bisson and C. Moreau, Effect of Direct-Current Plasma Fluctuations on In-Flight Particle Parameters: Part II, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2003, 12(2), p 258-264
59. E. Nogues, M. Vardelle, P. Fauchais, and P. Granger, Arc Voltage Fluctuations: Comparison Between Two Plasma Torch Types, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202, p 4387-4393
60. D.L. Gilmore, R.C. Dykhuizen, R.A. Neiser, T.J. Roemer, and M.F. Smith, Particle Velocity and Deposition Efficiency in the Cold Spray Process, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1999, 8(4), p 576-582
61. B. Jodoin, F. Raletz, and M. Vardelle, Cold Spray Modeling and Validation Using an Optical Diagnostic Method, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200(14-15), p 4424-4432
62. 3 Cold Spray Coating Formation and Properties, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(5-6), p 661-668
63. J.G. Legoux, E. Irissou, and C. Moreau, Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Formation Mechanism of Cold-Sprayed Aluminum, Zinc and Tin Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(5-6), p 619-626
64. W.-Y. Li, C.-J. Li, H.-T. Wang, C.-X. Li, and H.-S. Bang, Measurement and Numerical Simulation of Particle Velocity in Cold Spraying, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(4), p 559-562
65. X.-J. Ning, J.-H. Jang, and H.-J. Kim, The Effects of Powder Properties on In-Flight Particle Velocity and Deposition Process During Low Pressure Cold Spray Process, Appl. Surf. Sci, 2007, 253, p 7449-7455
66. F. Ratetz, "Contribution to the Development of a Cold Gas Dynamic Spray System (C.G.D.S.) for the Realization of Nickel Coatings," Ph.D. Thesis, University of Limoges, France, October 17, 2005
67. P. Fauchais, R. Etchart-Salas, C. Delbos, M. Tognovi, V. Rat, J.F. Coudert, and T. Chartier, Suspension and Solution Plasma Spraying of Finely Structured Coatings, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2007, 40, p 1-13
68. C. Delbos, J. Fazilleau, V. Rat, J.F. Coudert, P. Fauchais, and B. Pateyron, Phenomena Involved in Suspension Plasma Spraying Part 2: Zirconia Particle Treatment and Coating Formation, Plasma. Chem. Plasma Process., 2006, 26, p 393-414
69. P. Fauchais, R. Etchart-Salas, V. Rat, J.F. Coudert, N. Caron, and K. Wittmann-Ténèze, Parameters Controlling Liquid Plasma Spraying: Solutions, Sols, or Suspensions, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2008, 17(1), p 31-59
70. F. Tarasi, M. Medraj, A. Dolatabadi, J. Oberste-Berghaus, and C Moreau, Effective Parameters in Axial Injection Suspension Plasma Spray Process of Alumina-Zirconia Ceramics, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2008, 17(5-6), p 685-691
71. J. Oberste Berghaus, J.-G. Legoux, C. Moreau, R. Hui, C. DeĉesPetit, W. Qu, S. Yick, Z. Wang, R. Maric, and D. Ghosh, Suspension HVOF Spraying of Reduced Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolytes, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2008, 17(5-6), p 700-707
72. J. Oberste Berghaus, B. Marple, and C. Moreau, Suspension Plasma Spraying of Nanostructured WC-12Co Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(4), p 676-681
73. R. Rampon, C. Filiatre, and G. Bertrand, Suspension Plasma Spraying of YPSZ Coatings: Suspension Atomization and Injection, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2008, 17(1), p 105-114
74. J. Oberste Berghaus and B.R. Marple, High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) Suspension Spraying of Mullite Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2008, 17(5-6), p 671-678
75. H. Kassner, R. Siegert, D. Hathiramani, R. Vassen, and D. Stoever, Application of Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS) for Manufacture of Ceramic Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2008, 17(1), p 115-123
76. L. Xie, X. Ma, A, Ozturk, E.H. Jordan, N.P. Padture, B.M. Cetegen, D.T. Xiao, and M. Gell, Processing Parameter Effects on Solution Precursor Plasma Spray Process Spray Patterns, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, 183(1), p 51-61
77. D. Chen, E.H. Jordan, and M. Gell, Effect of Solution Concentration on Splat Formation and Coating Microstructure Using the Solution Precursor Plasma Spray Process, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202, p 2132-2138
78. E.H. Jordan, L. Xie, X. Ma, M. Gell, N.P. Padture, B. Cetegen, A. Ozturk, J. Roth, T.D. Xiao, and P.E.C. Bryant, Superior Thermal Barrier Coatings Using Solution Precursor Plasma Spray, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2004, 13(1), p 57-65
79. L. Xie, D., Chen, E.H. Jordan, A. Ozturk, F. Wa, X., Ma, B.M. Cetegen, and M. Gell, Formation of Vertical Cracks in Solution Precursor Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 201(3-4), p 1058-1064
80. S. Basu, E.H. Jordan, and B.M. Cetegen, Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer of Liquid Precursor Droplets Injected into High Temperature Plasmas, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(4), p 576-581
81. M. Gell, E.H. Jordan, M. Teicholz, B.M. Cetegen, N. Padture, L. Xie, D. Chen, X. Ma, and J. Roth, Thermal Barrier Coatings Made by the Solution Precursor Plasma Spray Process, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2008, 17(1), p 124-135
82. R. Etchart-Salas, V. Rat, J.F. Coudert, P. Fauchais, N. Caron, K. Wittman, and S. Alexandre, Influence of Plasma Instabilities in Ceramic Suspension Plasma Spraying, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(5-6), p 857-865
83. J. Oberste Berghaus, S. Bouaricha, J.-G. Legoux, and C. Moreau, Suspension Plasma Spraying of Nanoceramics Using an Axial Injection Torch, Thermal Spray Connects: Explore Its Surfacing Potential, E. Lugscheider and C.C. Berndt, Ed., May 2-4, 2005 (Basel, Switzerland), ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2005 (e-proc)
84. P. Fauchais and M. Vardelle, How to Improve the Reliability and Reproducibility of Plasma Sprayed Coatings, Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Science and Applying the Technology, B.R. Marple and C. Moreau, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2003, p 1165-1173
85. L. Li, A. Vaidya, S. Sampath, H. Xiong, and L. Zheng, Particle Characterization and Splat Formation of Plasma Sprayed Zirconia, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(1), p 97-105
86. A.A. Syed, A. Denoirjean, B. Hannover, P. Fauchais, P. Denoirjean, A.A. Khan, and J.C. Labbe, Influence of Substrate Surface Conditions on the Plasma Sprayed Ceramic and Metallic Particles Flattening, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2005, 200, p 2317-2331
87. P. Fauchais, M. Fukumoto, A. Vardelle, and M. Vardelle, Knowledge Concerning Splat Formation: An Invited Review, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2004, 13(3), p 337-360
88. P. Fauchais and S. Chandra, Formation of Solid Splats During Thermal Spray Deposition, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2009, 18(2), p 148-180, 2317-2331
89. S.C. Gill and T.W. Clyne, Stress Distribution and Material Response in Thermal Spraying of Metallic and Ceramic Deposits, Met. Trans., 1990, 21B, p 377-385
90. R.A. Neiser, M.F. Smith, and R.C. Dykhuisen, Oxidation in Wire HVOF-Sprayed Steel, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1998, 7(4), p 537-545
91. G. Espie, A. Denoirjean, P. Fauchais, J.C. Labbe, J. Dubsky, O. Schneeweiss, and K. Volenik, In-Flight Oxidation of Iron Particles Sprayed Using Gas and Water Stabilized Plasma Torch, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2005, 195, p 17-28
92. A.A. Syed, A. Denoirjean, P. Fauchais, and J.C. Labbe, On the Oxidation of Stainless Steel Particles in the Plasma Jet, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200, p 4368-4382
93. F.-I. Trifa, G. Montavon, and C. Coddet, Model-Based Expert System for Design and Simulation of APS Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(1), p 128-139
94. T. Schmidt, F. Gärtner, and H. Kreye, New Developments in Cold Spray Based on Higher Gas and Particle Temperatures, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(4), p 488-494
95. F. Raletz, "Contribution to the Development of a Cold Spray Process for Spraying Nickel Coatings," Ph.D. Thesis, University of Limoges, France, October 17, 2005
96. V. V. Kudinov et al., High Temp. Dust Laden Jets, VSL, NL, 1981, p 381-392
97. J. Mishin, M. Vardelle, J. Lesinski, and P. Fauchais, Two-Colour Pyrometer for the Statistical Measurement of the Surface Temperature of Particles Under Thermal Plasma Conditions, J. Phys. E Sci. Instrum., 1987, 20, p 255-263
98. P. Gougeon and C. Moreau, Simultaneous Independent Measurement of Splat Diameter and Cooling Time during Impact on a Substrate of Plasma-Sprayed Molybdenum Particles, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2001, 10(1), p 76-82
99. N.Z. Mehdizadeh, M. Lamontagne, C. Moreau, S. Chandra, and J. Mostaghimi, Photographing Impact of Molten Molybdenum Particles in a Plasma Spray, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2005, 14(3), p 354-361
100. R. Dhiman, A. McDonald, and S. Chandra, Predicting Splat Morphology in a Thermal Spray Process, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2007, 201, p 7789-7801
101. W. Trompetter, M. Hyland, D. McGrouther, P. Munroe, and A. Markwitz, Effect of Substrate Hardness on Splat Morphology in High-Velocity Thermal Spray Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(4), p 663-669
102. R.C. Dykhuizen, M.F. Smith, D.L. Gilmore, R.A. Neiser, X. Jiang, and S. Sampath, Impact of High Velocity Cold Spray Particles, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1999, 8(4), p 559-564
103. K. Sakaki and Y. Shimizu, Effect of the Increase in the Entrance Convergent Section Length of the Gun Nozzle on the HighVelocity Oxygen Fuel and Cold Spray Process, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2001, 10(3), p 487-496
104. C.-J. Li, G.-J. Yang, P.-H. Gao, J. Ma, Y.-Y. Wang, and C.-X. Li, Characterization of Nanostructured WC-Co Deposited by Cold Spraying, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(5-6), p 1011-1020
105. D. Zhang, P.H. Shipway, and D.G. McCartney, Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying of Aluminum: The Role of Substrate Characteristics in Deposit Formation, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 14(1), p 109-116
106. P. Richer, B. Jodoin, L. Ajdelsztajn, and E.J. Lavernia, Substrate Roughness and Thickness Effects on Cold Spray Nanocrystalline Al-Mg Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(2), p 246-254
107. V.K. Champagne, Jr., D. Helfritch, P. Leyman, S. Grendahl, and B. Klotz, Interface Material Mixing Formed by the Deposition of Copper on Aluminum by Means of the Cold Spray Process, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2005, 14(3), p 330-334
108. M. Fukumoto, H. Wada, K. Tanabe, M. Yamada, E. Yamaguchi, A. Niwa, M. Sugimoto, and M. Izawa, Effect of Substrate Temperature on Deposition Behavior of Copper Particles on Substrate Surfaces in the Cold Spray Process, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2009 (on-line)
109. W.J. Trompetter, M. Hyland, P. Munroe, and A. Markwitz, Evidence of Mechanical Interlocking of NiCr Particles Thermally Sprayed onto Al Substrates, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2005, 14(4), p 524-529
110. S.V. Klinkov and V.F. Kosarev, Measurements of Cold Spray Deposition Efficiency, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(3), p 364-371
111. F. Hugot, J. Patru, P. Fauchais, and L. Bianchi, Modelling of a Substrate Thermomechanical Behavior During Plasma Spraying, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2007, 190(1-3), p 317-323
112. F. Monerie-Moulins, "Contribution to the Study of Heat Fluxes Imposed by Plasma Spraying on Substrates and Coatings," Ph.D. Thesis, University of Limoges, 1993
113. E. Lugscheider, F. Ladru, A. Fischer, and C. Herbst, Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings for Electrical Purposes-Necessity of Process Control, Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Aachen, Germany, 1998, p 2284-2289
114. P. Fauchais, V. Rat, C. Delbos, J. Fazilleau, J.F. Coudert, T. Chartier, and L. Bianchi, Understanding of Suspension dc Plasma Spraying of Finely Structured Coating for SOFC, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci, 2005, 33(2), p 920-930
115. M. Vardelle, T. Renault, and P. Fauchais, Choice of an IR Pyrometer to Measure the Surface Temperature of a Coating During Its Formation in Air Plasma Spraying, High Temp. Mater. Processes, 2002, 6(4), p 469-490
116. L. Moulla, Z. Salhi, M.P. Planche, M. Cherigui, and C. Coddet, On the Measurement of Substrate Temperature During Thermal Spraying, Thermal Spray Connects: Explore Its Surfacing Potential, E. Lugscheider, Ed., DVS, Düsseldorf, Germany, 2005, p 679-683
117. M. Doubenskaia, P. Bertrand, and I. Smurov, Pyrometry in Laser Surface Treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 201, p 1955-1961
118. W. Xiaa, H. Zhangb, G. Wanga, and Y. Yanga, A. Novel Integrated Temperature Investigation Approach of Sprayed Coatings During APS Process, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, 209, p 2897-2906
119. E. Lugscheider, F. Ladru, V. Gourlaouen, and C. Gualco, Enhanced Atmospheric Plasma Spraying of Thick TBCs by Improved Process Control and Deposition Efficiency, Thermal Spray: Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century, C. Coddet, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1998, p 1583-1588
120. C.J. Friedrich, R. Gadow, A. Killinger, and C. Li, IR Thermographic Imaging-A Powerful Tool for On-line Process Control of Thermal Spraying, Thermal Spray 2001: New Surfaces for a New Millennium, C.C. Berndt, K.A. Khor, and E.F. Lugscheider, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2001, p 779-786
121. C. Verdy, B. Serio, and C. Coddet, In Situ Temperature Measurement Using Embedded Micro-Thermocouples in Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Multi-Layered Structures, Thermal Spray: Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century, C. Coddet, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1998, p 821-824
122. H.R. Salimijazi, L. Pershin, T.W. Coyle, J. Mostaghimi, S. Chandra, Y.C. Lau, L. Rosenzweig, and E. Moran, Measuring Substrate Temperature Variation. During Application of Plasma-Sprayed Zirconia Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(4), p 580-587
123. S. Kuroda, T. Fukushima, and S. Kitahara, Simultaneous Measurement of Coating Thickness and Deposition Stress During Thermal Spraying, Thin Solid Films, 1988, 164, p 157-163
124. S. Kuroda and T.W. Clyne, The Quenching Stress in Thermally Sprayed Coatings, Thin Solid Films, 1991, 200, p 49-66
125. S. Kuroda, T. Dento, and S. Kitahara, Quenching Stress in Plasma Sprayed Coatings and Its Correlation with the Deposit Microstructure, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1995, 4(1), p 75-84
126. T.W. Clyne and S.C. Gill, Residual Stresses in Thermal Spray Coatings and Their Effect on Interfacial Adhesion, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 1996, 5(4), p 401-418
127. T. Renault, M. Vardelle, A. Grimaud, P. Fauchais, and H. Hoffman, On-line Control of Particle Spray Jet and Residual Stresses in Plasma Sprays, Thermal Spray: Surface Engineering via Applied Research, C.C. Berndt, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2000, p 1383-1391
128. T. Renault, M. Vardelle, P. Fauchais, H. Hoffmann, and F. Braillard, On-line Monitoring (SDC) Through Coating Surface Temperature of Residual Stresses in APS WC-Co17wt% Coatings on Hastelloy X, Thermal Spray 2001: New Surfaces for a New Millennium, C.C. Berndt, K.A. Khor, and E.F. Lugscheider, Ed., ASM International, Singapore, 2001, p 743-750
129. S. Sampath and J. Matejicek, Method and Apparatus for Determining Process-Induced Stresses and Elastic Modulus of Coatings by In Situ Measurement, U.S. Patent 6,478,875, 2002
130. J. Matejicek and S. Sampath, In Situ Measurement of Residual Stresses and Elastic Moduli in Thermal Sprayed Coatings- Part 1: Apparatus and Analysis, Acta Mater., 2003, 51(3), p 863-872
131. J. Matejicek, S. Sampath, D. Gilmore, and R. Neiser, In Situ Measurement of Residual Stresses and Elastic Moduli in Thermal Sprayed Coatings-Part 2: Processing Effects on Properties of Mo Coatings, Acta Mater., 2003, 51(3), p 873-885
132. J. Li, R. Bolot, H. Liao, and C. Coddet, Numerical Study of Residual Stresses Formation During the APS Process, Thermal Spray Solutions, Advances in Technology and Application, Osaka, Japan, 2004, ISBN 3-87155-792-7
133. A. Nadeau, L. Pouliot, F. Nadeau, J. Blain, S.A. Berube, C. Moreau, and M. Lamontagne, A New Approach to Online Thickness Measurement of Thermal Spray Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(4), p 744-749
134. J. Wilden and H. Franck, Theory of Particle Composition Analysis During Thermal Spraying, Proceedings of the ITSC99, E. Lugsheider, Ed., DVS, Düsseldorf, Germany, 1999, p 165
135. K.-I. Li, M. Vardelle, A. Vardelle, P. Fauchais, and C. Trassy, Vaporization of Metal Powders in Plasma Sprays, Thermal Spray: Practical Solutions for Engineering Problems, C.C. Berndt, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1996, p 547
136. A. Vardelle, M. Vardelle, H. Zhang, N.J. Themelis, and K. Gross, Volatilization of Metal Powders in Plasma Sprays, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2002, 11(2), p 244-252
137. KA. Gross, P. Fauchais, M. Vardelle, J. Tikkanen, and J. Keskinen, Vaporization and Ultra-fine Particle Generation During the Plasma Spraying Process, Thermal Spray: A United Forum for Scientific and Technological Advances, C.C. Berndt, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1997, p 543-549
138. J.F. Bisson, C. Moreau, M. Dorfman, C. Dambra, and J. Mallon, Influence of Hydrogen on the Microstructure of Plasma-Sprayed Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2005, 14(1), p 85-90
139. 2 Plasmas: Influence of Processing and Heat Treatment on Coating Properties, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(5-6), p 791-797
140. C. Tekmen, K. Iwata, Y. Tsunekawa, and M. Okumiya, Controlling Graphite Content in Plasma Sprayed Cast Iron Coatings via In-flight Particle Diagnostic, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, 209, p 5417-5422
141. C. Zhang, C.-J. Li, H. Liao, M.-P. Planche, C.-X. Li, and C. Coddet, Effect of In-flight Particle Velocity on the Performance of Plasma-Sprayed YSZ Electrolyte Coating for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202, p 2654-2660
142. C. Tekmen, Y. Tsunekawa, and M. Okumiya, Effect of Plasma Spray Parameters on In-flight Particle Characteristics and In-Situ Alumina Formation, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 203, p 223-228
143. C. Tekmen, M. Yamazaki, Y. Tsunekawa, and M. Okumiya, In-Situ Plasma Spraying: Alumina Formation and In-flight Particle Diagnostic, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202, p 4163-4169
144. 3 Coatings, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2008, 28, p 1143-1148
145. P. Wang, S.C.M. Yu, and H.W. Ng, Particle Velocities, Sizes and Flux Distribution in Plasma Spray with Two Powder Injection Ports, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2004, 383, p 122-136
146. 2 Particle in Plasma Spraying, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2007, 201, p 5671-5675
147. C. Moreau, Advanced Particle Diagnostics for Controlling Plasma Spray Processes, Sensors and Controls 2004, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2004 (e-proc)
148. R.S. Lima and B.R. Marple, High Weibull Modulus HVOF Titania Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2003, 12(2), p 240-249
149. R.S. Lima and B.R. Marple, Optimized HVOF Titania Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2003, 12(3), p 360-369
150. E. Turunen, T. Varis, S.-P. Hannula, A. Vaidya, A. Kulkarni, J. Gutleber, S. Sampath, and H. Herman, On the Role of Particle State and Deposition Procedure on Mechanical, Tribological and Dielectric Response of High Velocity Oxy-fuel Sprayed Alumina Coatings, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, 415, p 1-11
151. M.P. Planche, B. Normand, H, Liao, G. Rannou, and C. Coddet, Influence of HVOF Spraying Parameters on In-flight Characteristics of Inconel 718 Particles and Correlation with the Electrochemical Behaviour of the Coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2002, 157, p 247-256
152. R.S. Lima and B.R. Marple, Thermal Spray Coatings Engineered from Nano-structured Ceramic Agglomerated Powders for Structural, Thermal Barrier and Biomedical Applications: A Review, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(1), p 40-63
153. F. Ben Ettouil, O. Mazhorova, B. Pateyron, H. Ageorges, M. El Ganaoui, and P. Fauchais, Predicting Dynamic and Thermal Histories of Agglomerated Particles Injected Within a d.c. Plasma Jet, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2008, 202, p 4491-4495
154. 2 Powders: An Enhanced Wear Performance, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2007, 16(5-6), p 866-872
155. 2, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2005, 14(3), p 397-404
156. R.S. Lima and B.R. Marple, Nanostructured YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings Engineered to Counteract Sintering Effects, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, 485, p 182-193
157. M. Gaona, R.S. Lima, and B.R. Marple, Influence of Particle Temperature and Velocity on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of High Velocity Oxy-fuel (HVOF)-Sprayed Nanostructured Titania Coatings, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2008,198, p 426-435
158. R.S. Lima, H. Li, K.A. Khor, and B.R. Marple, Biocompatible Nanostructured High-Velocity Oxyfuel Sprayed Titania Coating: Deposition, Characterization, and Mechanical Properties, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(4), p 623-627
159. B.R. Marple and R.S. Lima, Process Temperature/VelocityHardness-Wear Relationships for High-Velocity Oxyfuel Sprayed Nanostructured and Conventional Cermet Coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2005, 14(1), p 67-76
160. A. Pourmousa, J. Mostaghimi, A. Abedini, and S. Chandra, Particle Size Distribution in a Wire-Arc Spraying System, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2005, 14(4), p 502-510
161. R. Bolot, M.-P. Planche, H. Liao, and C. Coddet, A Three-Dimensional Model of the Wire-Arc Spray Process and Its Experimental Validation, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2008, 200, p 94-105
162. J. Stanisic, D. Kosikowski, and P.S. Mohanty, High-Speed Visualization and Plume Characterization of the Hybrid Spray Process, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15(4), p 750-758
163. H. Fukanuma, N. Ohno, Bo Sun, and R. Huang, In-flight Particle Velocity Measurements with DPV-2000 in Cold Spray, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 201, p 1935-1941
164. 2, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2001, 141, p 115-127
165. S.N. Basu, G. Ye, C. Cui, M. Gevelber et al., Plasma Sprayed Coatings with Engineered Microstructures, Advancing the Science and Applying the Technology, B.R. Marple and C. Moreau, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2003
166. M. Gevelber, C. Cui, B. Vattiat, Z. Fieldman, D. Wroblewski, and S. Basu, Real Time Control for Plasma Spray: Sensor Issues, Torch Nonlinearites, and Control of Coating Thickness, ITSC 2005 Proceedings, E. Lugsheider, Ed., DVS, Düsseldorf, Germany, 2005 (e-proc)
167. T. Renault, M. Vardelle, P. Fauchais, H. Hoffmann, and F. Braillard, Thermal Spray 2001: New Surfaces for a New Millenium, C.C. Berndt, K.A. Khor, and E.F. Lugsheider, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2001, p 743-749
168. S. Guessasma, G. Montavon, and C. Coddet, Neural Computation to Predict In-Flight Particle Characteristic Dependences from Processing Parameters in the APS Process, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2004, 13(4), p 570-585
169. A.-F. Kanta, G. Montavon, M.-P. Planche, and C. Coddet, In-flight Particle Characteristics Control by Implementing a Fuzzy Logic Controller, Surf Coat. Technol., 2008, 202, p 4479-4482
170. A.-F. Kanta, G. Montavon, M.-P. Planche, and C. Coddet, In-flight and Upon Impact Particle Characteristics Modelling in Plasma Spray Process, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2009, 203, p 3361-3369
171. M. VandenBergh, Sprayed Particle Diagnostics, Spraytime, 2009, 16(1), p 9-12