The effect of supply system on the wood paying capability of a kraft pulp mill using Scots pine harvested from first thinnings

Silva Fennica

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 695-714

  Jylhä, Paula ^a   Dahl, Olli ^b   Laitila, Juha ^a   Kärhä, Kalle ^c  

^a FINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

^c Metsäteho Oy   (Finland)

Author keywords

Cut to length harvesting; Integrated wood harvesting; Residual value; Whole tree bundling; Whole tree harvesting

Indexed keywords

HARVESTING; KRAFT PULP; WOOD;

CUT-TO-LENGTH; RESIDUAL VALUE; WHOLE TREE HARVESTING; WHOLE TREES; WOOD HARVESTING;

FORESTRY;

CONIFEROUS TREE; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; HARVESTING; PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY; THINNING; TREE STUMP; WOOD;

COMPETITION; COSTS; FORESTRY; HARVESTING; KRAFT PULPS; PAPER MILLS; PINUS SYLVESTRIS; PULP MILLS; RAW MATERIALS; WOOD;

PINUS SYLVESTRIS;

EID: 78650797735     PISSN: 00375330     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14214/sf.454     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Andersson, G., Asikainen, A., Björheden, R., Hall, P.W., Hudson, J.B., Jirjis, R., Mead, D.J., Nurmi, J. & Weetland, G.F. 2002. Production of forest energy. In: Richardson, J., Björheden, R., Hakkila, P., Lowe, A.T. & Smith, C.T. (eds.). Bioenergy from sustainable forestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. p. 49-124.
2. Baker, S.A., Westbrook, M.D. (Jr.) & Greene, W.D. 2010. Evaluation of integrated harvesting systems in pine stands of the southern United States. Biomass and Bioenergy 34(5): 720-727.
3. Bergkvist, I. 2003. Multitree-handling increases productivity in smallwood thinning. Results from Skogsforsk 3/2003. 4 p.
4. Dahl, O., Jylhä, P., Laitila, J. & Kärhä, K. 2009. Effect of raw wood supply system on the wood paying capability of a kraft pulp mill using Scots pine. In: Savolainen, M. (ed.). Bioenergy 2009. Sustainable Bioenergy Business. 4th International Bioenergy Conference from 31st of August to 4th of September 2009. Book of Proceedings, Part I. FINBIO Publications 44: 371-379.
5. Diesen, M. 2007. Economics of the Pulp and Paper Industry. Second edition. Paperi ja Puu Oy, Helsinki. 222 p.
6. Eickhoff, K. 1989. Träddelssystem - en analys från stubbe till industri. [Summary: Tree-section systems - an analysis from stump to mill]. Skogsarbeten, Redogörelse 5/1989. 50 p. (In Swedish).
7. European Commission. 2001. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry. 475 p.
8. Fors, P. 2009. The German, Swedish and UK wood based bio energy markets from an investment perspective. M.Sc.(For.) thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Department of Forest Products, Uppsala. 68 p. + app.
9. Gislerud, O. 1974. Heltreutnyttelse. II. Biomasse og biomasseegenskaper hos tynningsvirke av gran, furu, bjørk og or. [Whole-tree utilization. II. Biomass properties of trees from thinnings of spruce, pine, birch, and alder]. Norsk Institutt for Skogforskning, Rapport 6: 1-59. (In Norwegian).
10. Gullichsen, J. & Fogelholm, C. 2000. Chemical pulping. Book 6A. The Finnish Paper Engineers' Association and TAPPI, Helsinki. 693 p.
11. Häggblom, R. & Peltonen, J. 1984. Osapuuna ja metsähakkeena hankinnan taloudellisuus Oy Wilh. Schauman Ab:n Pietarsaaren metsäosastolla ja tehtailla. [Economy of wood procurement with tree-sections and whole-tree chips at the Pietarsaari forest department and the pulp mills of Oy Wilh. Schauman Ab]. 73 p. + app. (In Finnish).
12. Hakkila, P. 1967. Vaihtelumalleja kuoren painosta ja painoprosentista. Summary: Variation patterns of bark weight and bark percentace by weight. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 62(5). 37 p. (In Finnish with English Summary).
13. Hakkila, P 1989. Utilization of residual forest biomass. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. 568 p.
14. Hakkila, P, 1991. Hakkuupoistuman latvusmassa. Summary: Crown mass of trees at the harvesting phase. Folia Forestalia 773. 24 p. (In Finnish with English summary).
15. Hakkila, P, 1996. Ensiharvennuspuun hyödyntäminen. [Utilisation of wood harvested from first thinnings]. Folia Forestalia - Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 4/1996: 428-433. (In Finnish).
16. Hakkila, P, 2004. Developing technology for large-scale production of forest chips. Wood Energy Technology Programme 1999-2003. Final Report. Technology Programme Report 6/2004. 98 p.
17. Hakkila, P, 2005. Fuel from early thinnings. International Journal of Forest Engineering 16(1): 11-14.
18. Hakkila, P, Kalaja, H., Salakari, M. & Valonen, P. 1978. Whole-tree harvesting in the early thinning of pine. Folia Forestalia 333. 58 p.
19. Hakkila, P, Kalaja, H. & Saranpää, P. 1995. Etelä-Suomen ensiharvennusmänniköt kuitu- ja energialähteenä. [The first-thinning stands of Scots pine as a source of pulpwood and energy wood]. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 582. 93 p. + app. (In Finnish).
20. Hakkila, P, Rieppo, K. & Kalaja, H. 1998. Ensiharvennuspuun erilliskäsittely tehdasvarastolla. Ketjukarsintaan ja pienrumpukuorintaan perustuva menetelmä. [Separate handling of wood harvested from first thinnings. A method based on chain flail and drum debarking technologies]. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 700. 40 p. (In Finnish).
21. Han, H.-S., Lee, H.W. & Johnson, L.R. 2004. Economic feasibility of an integrated harvesting system for small-diameter trees in southwest Idaho. Forest Products Journal 54(2): 21-27.
22. Harstela, P. 1993. Forest work science and technology, Part I. Silva Carelica 25. 113 p.
23. Harvennushakkuiden taloudellinen merkitys ja toteuttamisvaihtoehdot. 1992. [The economic impact and alternatives of thinnings]. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Helsinki. 121 p. (In Finnish).
24. Hudson, J.B. 1995. Integrated harvesting systems. Biomass and Bioenergy 9(1-5): 141-151.
25. Impola, R. 2000. Kuorintajätteen käsittely. [Processing of bark for fuel]. VTT Symposium 205: 217-231. (In Finnish)
26. Imponen, V., Keskinen, S., Korpilahti, A., Lemmetty, J., Lilleberg, R. & Pennanen, O. 1997. Hake-, osapuu- ja puutavaralajimenetelmien taloudellisuus sellutehtaan puunhankinnassa. [Economy of chip-, tree section, and cut-to-length system in wood procurement of a pulp mill]. Metsäteho Report 22. 43 p. (In Finnish).
27. Jacobson, S., Kukkola, M., Mälkönen, E., Tveite, B. & Möller, G. 1996. Growth response of coniferous stands to whole-tree harvesting in early thinnings. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 11(1): 50-59.
28. Juntunen, M.-L. & Herrala-Ylinen, H. 2009. Metsien hoito. [Silviculture]. In: Peltola, A. (ed.). Finnish statistical yearbook of forestry 2009. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Official Statistics of Finland, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery. p. 107-152. (In Finnish with English captions to figures and tables).
29. Jylhä, P. & Keskinen, N. 2006. Properties of bundled tree sections of young Scots pine in debarking, chipping, and pulping. Forest Products Journal 56(7/8): 39-45.
30. Jylhä, P. & Keskinen, N. & Laitila, J. 2007. Energy wood and pulpwood harvesting from young stands using a prototype wholetree bundler. Silva Fennica 41(4): 763-779.
31. Kangas, K. 2008. Kuorimon kustannustehokkuus. Kuitupuun hankinta ja tehdaskäsittely. [Cost-efficiency of a debarking plant. Pulpwood procure ment and its handling at mill]. The Institute for Management and Technological Training, Kemi. 36 p. (In Finnish).
32. Kärhä, K., Keskinen, S., Kallio, T., Liikkanen, R. & Lindroos, J. 2006a. Ennakkoraivaus osana ensiharvennuspuun korjuuta. [Pre-clearance as part of the harvesting of first-thinning wood]. Metsäteho Report 187. 77 p. (In Finnish).
33. Kärhä, K., Keskinen, S., Kallio, T., Liikkanen, R. & Lindroos, J., Keskinen, S., Liikkanen, R. & Lindroos, J. 2006b. Kokopuun korjuu nuorista metsistä. [Harvesting small-sized whole trees from young stands]. Metsäteho Report 193. 79 p. (In Finnish).
34. Kärhä, K., Keskinen, S., Kallio, T., Liikkanen, R. & Lindroos, J., Laitila, J., Jylhä, P., Nuutinen, Y. & Keskinen, S. 2009. Kokopuun paalaus -tuotantoketjun tuottavuus ja kustannukset. [Productivity and costs of a supply chain based on whole-tree bundling]. Metsäteho Report 211. 60 p. + 6 app. (In Finnish).
35. Kärhä, K., Keskinen, S., Kallio, T., Liikkanen, R. & Lindroos, J., Jylhä, P. & Laitila, J. 2010. Integrated procurement of pulpwood and energy wood from early thinnings using whole-tree bundling. Biomass and Bioenergy. In press.
36. Kariniemi, A. 2009. Puunkorjuu ja puutavaran kaukokuljetus vuonna 2008. Summary: Harvesting and long-distance transportation 2008. Metsäteho Review 39. 4 p. (In Finnish with English summary).
37. Kärkkäinen, M. 1976. Puun ja kuoren tiheys ja kosteus sekä kuoren osuus koivun, kuusen ja männyn oksissa. Summary: Density and moisture content of wood and bark, and bark percentage in the branches of birch, Norway Spruce and Scots pine. Silva Fennica 10(3): 198-209. (In Finnish with English summary).
38. Korhonen, K.T., Ihalainen, A., Heikkinen, J., Henttonen, H. & Pitkänen, J. 2007. Suomen metsävarat metsäkeskuksittain 2004-2006 ja metsävarojen kehitys 1996-2006. [Forest resources by forestry centre in Finland in 2004-2006 and the development of forest resources in 1996-2006]. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 2B/2007: 149-213. (In Finnish).
39. Korpilahti, A. & Poikela, A. 1998. Tavaralaji- ja energia-ainespuumenetelmien kilpailukyky ensiharvennuksilla. [Competitiveness of cut-to-length system and integrated pulpwood and energy wood system in first thinnings]. Metsäteho Report 36. 33 p. (In Finnish).
40. Laasasenaho, J. 1982. Taper curve and volume functions for pine, spruce and birch. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 108. 74 p.
41. Laitila, J. 2008. Harvesting technology and the cost of fuel chips from early thinnings. Silva Fennica 42(2): 267-283.
42. Laitila, J. Asikainen, A. Nuutinen, Y. 2007 Forwarding of whole trees after manual and mechanized felling bunching in pre-commercial thinnings. International Journal of Forest Engineering 18(2): 29-39.
43. Laitila, J. Kärhä, K. & Jylhä, P. 2009. Time consumption models and parameters for off- and on-road transportation of whole-tree bundles. Baltic Forestry 15(1): 105-114.
44. Lindblad, J., Äijälä, O. & Koistinen, A. 2008. Energiapuun mittausopas. [Instructions for energy wood measurement and grading]. Tapio and Metla. 24 p. (In Finnish).
45. Niemistö, P. 1992. Runkolukuun perustuvat harvennusmallit. [Thinning models based on the number of stems]. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 432. 18 p. (In Finnish).
46. Nurmi, J. 1993. Heating values of the above ground biomass of small-sized trees. Acta Forestalia Fennica 236. 30 p.
47. Nurminen, T. & Heinonen, J. 2007. Characteristics and time consumption of timber trucking in Finland. Silva Fennica 41(3): 471-487.
48. Nuutinen, Y., Kärhä, K., Laitila, J. & Jylhä, P. 2010. Productivity of whole-tree bundler in energy wood and pulpwood harvesting from early thinnings. A manuscript submitted to Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 31 p.
49. Oikari, M., Kärhä, K., Palander, T., Pajuoja, H. & Ovaskainen, H. 2010. Analyzing the views of wood harvesting professionals related to the approaches for increasing the cost-efficiency of wood harvesting from young stands. Silva Fennica 44(3): 481-495.
50. Paavilainen, L. (ed.). 2002. Finnish forest cluster research programme Wood Wisdom. Final report. Helsinki. 437 p.
51. Parikka, M. & Vikinge, B. 1994. Kvantiteter och ekonomi vid bränsle- och massaveduttag i första gallring. Summary: Quantities and economy at removal of woody biomass for fuel and industrial purposes from early thinning. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest-Industry-Market Studies, Report 37. 115 p. (In Swedish with English summary).
52. Peltola, J. 2004. Puutavara-autojen rakenteen vaikutus omamassaan. [The effect of the structure of timber trucks on their mass]. Metsäteho Report 176. 22 p + app. (In Finnish).
53. Pentikäinen, M. 2006. Aasia - uhka vai mahdollisuus Suomen metsäteollisuudelle. [Asia - a threat or opportunity for the Finnish forest industry?]. Presentation. Studia Forestria - lecture series, Forest Industry Institute, Imatra 15th November 2006. (In Finnish). Available at: http://www.scp.fi/fii/pdfs/uhka_vai_mahdollisuus_seminaari.pdf. [Cited 17 Feb 2010].
54. Pihlajamäki, P. & Kivelä, H. 2001. Rajanveto aines- ja energiapuun välillä. [Distinction between energy wood and industrial roundwood]. Loppuraportti. Tekes/Wood Wisdom. Jaakko Pöyry Consulting. 76 p. + app. (In Finnish).
55. Puttock, G.D. 1994. Estimating cost for integrated harvesting and related forest management activities. Biomass and Bioenergy 8(2): 73-79.
56. Puupolttoaineiden hintaseuranta. 2010. [Follow-up of wood fuels]. [Internet site]. Pöyry Energy Oy. Available at: http://www.puunhinta.fi. [Cited 26 Feb. 2010].
57. Rieppo, K. & Korpilahti, A. 2001. Kuitupuun tehdaskäsittely ja sen kehittäminen. [Development of pulpwood handling at mill]. Metsäteho Report 114. 41 p. (In Finnish).
58. Röser, D., Asikainen, A., Gjølsø, S., Jaskelevicius, B., Johansson, D., Jylhä, P., Kairiukstis, L., Konstantinova, I., Lilrng, J., Lunnan, A., Mandre, M., Nurmi, J., Pärn, H., Saksa, T., Sikanen, L., Suadicani, K., Toropainen, M. & Vilkriste, L. 2003. Wood fuel resources and bottlenecks of utilization in Baltic and Nordic countries. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 901. 68 p.
59. Ryymin, R., Pohto, P., Laitila, J., Humala, I., Rajahonka, M. & Kallio, J. 2008. Metsäenergian hankinnan uudistaminen. [Reform of forest energy procurement]. Loppuraportti 12/2008. Helsinki School of Economics. 81 p. (In Finnish).
60. Spinelli, R. & Magagnotti, N. 2010. Comparison of two harvesting systems for the production of forest biomass from the thinning of Picea abies plantations. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 25(1): 69-77.
61. Stokes, B.J., Ashmore, C., Rawlins, C. & Sirois, D.L. 1989. Glossary of terms used in timber harvesting and forest engineering. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-73. U.S. Deptartment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station. New Orleans, LA. 33 p.
62. Suomi, O. 2007. Evaluating the constraints and benefits of integrating biofuel production to a kraft pulp and paper mill. M.Sc.(Tech.) thesis. Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Foreest Products Technology. 89 p. + app.
63. Virkola, N. 1981. Developments and trends in industrial utilization of fuller biomass branchwood, foliage and stumps in traditional wood industries. Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Pulping Technology, Raportti 18, Sarja C. 31 p.