Mercury capture by selected Bulgarian fly ashes: Influence of coal rank and fly ash carbon pore structure on capture efficiency

Applied Geochemistry

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 18-27

  Kostova, Irena J ^a   Hower, James C ^b   Mastalerz, Maria ^c   Vassilev, Stanislav V ^d  

^a Department of Geology and Paleontology ^*  (Bulgaria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^c INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d INSTITUTE OF MINERALOGY AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY   (Bulgaria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASH CARBON; BRUNAUER-EMMETT-TELLER SURFACE AREAS; C CONTENTS; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; COAL RANKS; COAL-BURNING; KENTUCKY; LOW RANK COALS; MERCURY CAPTURE; MICROPORES; SUBBITUMINOUS; SURFACE AREA;

BITUMINOUS COAL; COAL COMBUSTION; COAL INDUSTRY; ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS; ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATORS; FLUE GASES; FLY ASH; FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANTS; MERCURY (METAL);

COAL ASH;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON; COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT; COMBUSTION; FLY ASH; LIGNITE; MERCURY (ELEMENT); POROSITY; SUBBITUMINOUS COAL; SURFACE AREA;

BULGARIA; KENTUCKY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 78650793970     PISSN: 08832927     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.10.009     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Compeau C., Bartha R. Sulfate reducing bacteria - principal methylators of mercury in anoxic estuarine sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1985, 50:498-502.
2. European Union, 2007. Regulation No. 11/May 14th. (accessed 29.09.10). http://www.moew.government.bg/recent_doc/legislation/air/bg/Naredba%2011_tejki%20metali_V.2007.doc.
3. Finkelman, R., 1981. Modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal. US Geol. Surv. Open-File Rep. 81-99.
4. Goodarzi F., Hower J.C. Classification of carbon in Canadian fly ashes and their implications in the capture of mercury. Fuel 2008, 87:1949-1957.
5. Grey J. Mercury in the products we use. Geologic Studies of Mercury by the US Geological Survey, vol. 1248 2003, 1-7. US Geological Survey Circular. J.E. Gray (Ed.).
6. Gregg S.J., Sing K.S.W. Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity 1982, Harcourt Brace Javanovich, London, U.K. second ed.
7. Ho T., Lee H., Chu H., Hopper J., Bostick W. Metal capture by sorbents during fluidized-bed combustion. Fuel Process. Technol. 1994, 39:373-388.
8. Hower J.C., Trimble A.S., Eble C.F., Palmer C., Kolker A. Characterization of fly ash from low-sulfur and high-sulfur coal sources: partitioning of carbon and trace elements with particle size. Energy Sources 1999, 21:511-525.
9. Hower J.C., Finkelman R.B., Rathbone R.F., Goodman J. Intra- and inter-unit variation in fly ash petrography and mercury adsorption: examples from a western Kentucky power station. Energy Fuels 2000, 14:212-216.
10. Hower J.C., Maroto-Valer M.M., Taulbee D.N., Sakulpitkakphon T. Mercury capture by distinct fly ash carbon forms. Energy Fuels 2000, 14:224-226.
11. Hower J.C., Robl T.L., Anderson C., Thomas G.A., Sakulpitakphon T., Mardon S.M., Clark W.L. Characteristics of CCP's from Kentucky power plants, with emphasis on mercury content. Fuel 2005, 84:1338-1350.
12. Hower J.C., Graham U.M., Dozier A., Tseng M.T., Khatri R.A. Association of the sites of heavy metals with nanoscale carbon in a Kentucky electrostatic precipitator fly ash. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:8471-8477.
13. Hower J.C., Campbell J.L., Teesdale W.J., Nejedly Z., Robertson J.D. Scanning proton microprobe analysis of mercury and other trace elements in Fe-sulfides from a Kentucky coal. Int. J. Coal Geol. 2008, 75:88-92.
14. Hower J.C., Valentim B., Kostova I.J., Henke K.R. Discussion on characteristics of fly ashes from full-scale coal-fired power plants and their relationship to mercury adsorption by Lu et al. Energy Fuels 2008, 22:1055-1058.
15. Hower, J.C., Robl, T.L., Thomas, G.A., Hopps, S.D., Grider, M., 2009. Chemistry of Coal and Coal Combustion Products from Kentucky Power Plants: Results from the 2007 Sampling, with Emphasis on Selenium. Coal Combustion Gasification Products, vol. 1, pp. 50-62. (accessed 29.09.10). http://www.coalcgp-journal.org/papers/2009/CCGP-D-09-00013-Hower-supp.pd f.
16. Hower J.C., Senior C.L., Suuberg E.M., Hurt R.H., Wilcox J.L., Olson E.S. Mercury capture by native fly ash carbons in coal-fired power plants. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2010, 36:510-529.
17. Juranov S. Stratigraphy of the Eocene series in the Burgas district. Rev. Bulg. Geol. Soc. 1992, 53(2):47-59.
18. Kamenov, B., Nikolov, Z., Stefanova G., Panov, E., 1984. Coal basins and Deposits of the CMEA Member Countries and Yugoslavia, Moscow.
19. Kolker A., Senior C., Quick J. Mercury in coal and the impact of coal quality on mercury emissions from combustion systems. Appl. Geochem. 2006, 21:1821-1836.
20. Kostova I. Sulphide minerals in coal from some Bulgarian basins. Ann. Univ. Sofia Geol. 2005, 98:109-125.
21. Kostova, I., Markova, K., 2005. Organic petrology, mineralogy and depositional environment of the high sulphur Eocene Bourgas coal, Bulgaria. Rev. Bulg. Geol. Soc., 164-167 (80th Anniversary).
22. Kostova, I., Petrov, O., Kortenski, J., 1996. Mineralogy, geochemistry and pyrite content of Bulgarian subbituminous coals, Pernik basin. In: Gayer, R., Harris, I. (Eds.), Coalbed Methane and Coal Geology, vol. 109. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., pp. 301-314.
23. Külaots I., Hurt R.H., Suuberg E.M. Size distribution of unburned carbon in fly ash and its implications. Fuel 2004, 83:223-230.
24. Lu Y., Rostam-Abadi M., Chang R., Richardson C., Paradis J. Characteristics of fly ashes from full-scale coal-fired power plants and their relationship to mercury adsorption. Energy Fuels 2007, 21:2112-2120.
25. Maroto-Valer M.M., Taulbee D.N., Hower J.C. Characterization of the carbon types present in fly ash separated by density gradient centrifugation. Fuel 2002, 80:795-800.
26. Orr C. Pore size and volume measurement. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry Part III 1977, vol. 4:321-358. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
27. Sakulpitakphon T., Hower J.C., Trimble A.S., Schram W.H., Thomas G.A. Mercury capture by fly ash: study of the combustion of a high-mercury coal at a utility boiler. Energy Fuels 2000, 14:727-733.
28. Schroeder, K., Schoffstall, M., Kim, A., 2003. Adsorption of mercury onto fly ash. In: 2003 International Ash Utilization Symp. Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Paper #36.
29. Scotto M., Uberoi M., Peterson T., Shadman F., Wendt J. Metal capture by sorbents in combustion precesse. Fuel Process. Technol. 1994, 39:357-372.
30. Šiškov, G., Kehayova, M., Staikova, S., 1986. Coal and Coal Basins in Bulgaria. Sofia University " St. Kl. Ohridski" , Sofia.
31. Suárez-Ruiz I., Parra J.B. Relationship between textural properties, fly ash carbons, and Hg capture in fly ashes derived from the combustion of anthracitic pulverized feed blends. Energy Fuels 2007, 21:1915-1923.
32. Suárez-Ruiz I., Hower J.C., Thomas G.A. Hg and Se capture and fly ash carbons from combustion of complex pulverized feed blends mainly of anthracitic coal rank in Spanish power plants. Energy Fuels 2007, 21:59-70.
33. Toole-O'Neil B., Tewalt J., Finkelman B., Akers J. Mercury concentration in coal - Unraveling the puzzle. Fuel 1999, 78:47-54.
34. US Environmental Protection Agency, 1997. Mercury Study Report to Congress, vols. I-VIII. US Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA-452/R-97-003.
35. Ulrich S.M., Tanton T.W., Abdrashitova S.A. Mercury in the aquatic environment - a review of factors affecting methylation. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 31:241-293.
36. United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia Circuit, 2008a. State of North Carolina, Petitioner v. Environmental Protection Agency, Respondent. (accessed 29.09.10). http://pacer.cadc.uscourts.gov/common/opinions/200807/05-1244-1127017.pd f.
37. United States Court of Appeals District of Columbia Circuit, 2008b. State of New Jersey, et al., Petitioner v. Environmental Protection Agency, Respondent. (accessed 29.09.10). http://pacer.cadc.uscourts.gov/docs/common/opinions/200802/05-1097a.pdf.
38. US Environmental Protection Agency, 2005a. Clean Air Interstate Rule. (accessed 07.07.09). http://www.epa.gov/CAIR/.
39. US Environmental Protection Agency, 2005b. Clean Air Mercury. (accessed 07.07.09). http://www.epa.gov/camr.
40. Valceva S., Minchev D. Petrological investigations of coals from the Pernik basin II. Ann. Univ. Sofia Geol. 1981, 71:275-287.
41. Vassilev S., Vassileva C. Mineralogy of combustion wastes from coal-fired power stations. Fuel Process. Technol. 1996, 47:261-280.
42. Vassilev S., Vassileva C. Occurrence, abundance and origin of minerals in coals and coal ashes. Fuel Process. Technol. 1996, 48:85-106.
43. Vassilev S., Vassileva C. A new approach for the classification of coal fly ashes based on their origin, composition, properties, and behaviour. Fuel 2007, 86:1490-1512.
44. Vassilev S., Eskenazy G., Vassileva C. Contents, modes of occurrence and chlorine and bromine in coal. Fuel 2000, 79:903-921.
45. Vassilev S., Eskenazy G., Vassileva C. Behaviour of elements and minerals during preparation and combustion of the Pernik coal, Bulgaria. Fuel Process. Technol. 2001, 72:103-129.
46. Vassilev S., Menendez R., Borrego A., Diaz-Somoano M., Martinez-Tarazona M.R. Phase-mineral and chemical composition of coal fly ashes as a basis for their multicomponent fly ash utilization. 3. Characterization of magnetic and char concentrates. Fuel 2004, 83:1563-1583.
47. Vassilev S., Vassileva C., Karayigit A., Bulut Y., Alastuey A., Querol X. Phase-mineral and chemical composition of fractions separated from composite fly ashes at the Soma power station, Turkey. Int. J. Coal Geol. 2005, 61:65-85.