The role of environmental cleaning in health care-associated infections

Critical Care Nursing Quarterly

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 11-17

  Kleypas, Yvonne ^a   McCubbin, Dennis ^b   Curnow, Elizabeth S ^c  

^a St Luke's Baptist Hospital   (United States)

^b Baptist Medical Center   (United States)

^c Baptist Health System   (United States)

Author keywords

environmental cleaning; environmental pathogens; environmental services; ICU; infections

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; CLEANING; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION; DISINFECTION; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITAL SERVICE; HUMAN; HYGIENE; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION; NONHUMAN;

CROSS INFECTION; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL; ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION; HUMANS; INFECTION CONTROL; INTENSIVE CARE;

EID: 78650792694     PISSN: 08879303     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CNQ.0b013e31820480d3     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/healthDis.html. Accessed August 4, 2010.
2. Fridkin SK, Welbel SF, Weinstein RA. Magnitude and prevention of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997;11(2):479-496.
3. Dancer SJ. The role of environmental cleaning in the control of hospital-acquired infection. J Hosp Infec. 2009;73:378-385.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Healthcare Infection Control Advisory Committee (HICPAC). Guidelines for environmental infection control in healthcare facilities. MMWR. 2003;52(RR10):1-42.
5. Kaatz GW, Gitlin SD, Schaberg DR, et al. Acquisition of Clostridium difficile from the hospital environment. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;127:1289-1294.
6. Pittet D. Improving adherence to hand hygiene practice: A multidisciplinary approach. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:234-240.
7. Kramer A, Ingeborg S, Kamph G. How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:130.
8. Carling P. Monitoring and improving the effectiveness of surface cleaning and disinfection. In: Rutala W, ed. Disinfection, Sterilization and Antisepsis: Principles, Practice, Current Issues, New Research, and New Technologies. Washington, DC: APIC; 2010.
9. Boyce J. When the Patient Is Discharged: Terminal Disinfection of Hospital Rooms. http://www. medscape.com/viewarticle/723217. Accessed August 20, 2010.
10. Bartlett J. Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to toxin-producing clostridia. New Engl J Med. 1978;298:531-534. (Pubitemid 8295586)
11. Gerding D, Johnson S, Peterson L, Mulligan M, Silva J. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis. Inf Con Hosp Epidemiol. 1995;16;459-477.
12. Hookman P, Barkin J. Clostridium difficile associated infection, diarrhea and colitis.World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15:1554-1580.
13. Elixhauser A, Jhung M. Clostridium Difficile- Associated Disease in U.S. Hospitals, 1993-2005. HCUP Statistical Brief #50. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. http://www.hcupus. ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/ sb50.pdf. Published April 2008. Accessed August 28, 2010.
14. Buggy B, Wilson K, Fekety R. Comparison of methods for recovery of Clostridium difficile from an environmental surface. J Clin Microbiol. 1983;18: 348-352.
15. Kim K, Fekety R, Batts D, et al. Isolation of Clostridium difficile from the environment and contacts of patients with antibiotic-associated colitis. J Infect Dis. 1981;143:42-50. (Pubitemid 11152596)
16. Russell A. Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents. Clin Micro Rev. 1990;3:99-119.
17. Bobulsky G, Al-NassirW, Riggs M, Sethi A, Donskey C. Clostridium difficile skin contamination in patient's with C. difficile-associated disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:447-450.
18. Samore MH, Venkatamaran L, DeGirolami PC, Arbeit RD, Karchmer AW. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of sporadic and clustered cases of nosocomial Clostridium difficile diarrhoea. Am J Med. 1996;100:32-40.
19. Eckstein B, Adams D, Eckstein E, et al. Reduction of Clostridium difficile and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus contamination of environmental surfaces after an intervention to improve cleaning methods. BMC Inf Dis. 2007;7:61.
20. Verity P, Wilcox MH, Fawley W, Parnell P. Prospective evaluation of environmental contamination by Clostridium difficile in isolation side rooms. J Hosp Infect. 2001;49:204-209.
21. Dubberke ER. Reske KA, Olsen MA, et al. Evaluation of Clostridium difficile-associated disease pressure as a risk of factor for C. difficile-associated disease. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1092-1097.
22. Silva J, Lezzi C. Clostridium difficile as a nosocomial pathogen. J Hosp Infect. 1988;11:378-385.
23. Cohen S, Gerding D, Johnson S, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(5):431-455.
24. Carrico R, Archibald L, Bryant K, et al. Guide to the Elimination of Clostridium difficile in Healthcare Settings. Washington, DC: APIC; 2008.
25. Mayfield J, Leet T, Miller J, Mundy L. Environmental control to reduce transmission of Clostridium difficile. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:995-1000.
26. Siegel J, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L; Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Management of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Healthcare Settings, 2006. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2006.
27. NNIS System. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System Report: Data summary from January 1992 to June 2003. Am J Infect Control. 2003;31:481-498.
28. Wagenvoort J, Sluijsmans W, Penders R. Better environmental survival of outbreak vs. sporadic MRSA isolates. J Hosp Infect. 2000;45:231-234.
29. Neely A, Maley M. Survival of enterococci and staphylococci on hospital fabrics and plastic. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:724-726. (Pubitemid 30082670)
30. Dancer SJ, White L, Robertson C. Monitoring environmental cleanliness on two surgical wards. Int J Environ Health Res. 2008;18:357-364.
31. White L, Dancer SJ, Robertson C, McDonald J. Are hygiene standards useful in assessing infection risk? Am J Infect Control. 2008;36:381-384.
32. Blythe D, Keenlyside D, Dawson SJ, Galloway A. Environmental contamination due to methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Hosp Infect. 1998;38:67-70.
33. Goodman ER, Platt R, Bass R, Onderdonk AB, Yokoe DS, Huang SS. Impact of an environmental cleaning intervention on the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci on surfaces in intensive care unit rooms. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:593-599.
34. Boyce JM, Potter-Bynoe G, Chenevert C, Kint T. Environmental contamination due to methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus: Possible infection control implications. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1997;18:622-627.
35. Lemmen SW, Hafner H, Zolidan D, Stanzel S, Lutticken R. Distribution of multi-resistant gramnegative versus gram-positive bacteria in the hospital inanimate environment. J Hosp Infect. 2004;56:191-197.
36. Hardy KJ, Oppenheim BA, Gossain S, Gao F, Hawkey PM. A study of the relationship between environmental contamination with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and patients' acquisition of MRSA. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006;27:127-132.
37. Rampling A, Wiseman S, Davis L, et al. Evidence that hospital hygiene is important in the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect. 2001;49:109-116.
38. Weber D, Rutala W, Miller M, Huslage K, Sickbert- Bennet E. Role of hospital surfaces in the transmission of emerging health care-associated pathogens: Norovirus, Clostridium difficile, and Acinetobacter species. Am J Infect Control. 2010;38(5) (suppl 1):S25-S33.