Physicians and the first amendment: The right not to speak

Journal of Legal Medicine

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 423-432

  Kim, Howard C ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CIVIL RIGHTS; DOCTOR PATIENT RELATION; HUMAN; INFORMED CONSENT; LEGAL ABORTION; LEGAL ASPECT; PHYSICIAN; SPEECH; UNITED STATES;

ABORTION, LEGAL; CIVIL RIGHTS; HUMANS; INFORMED CONSENT; PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS; PHYSICIANS; SPEECH; UNITED STATES;

EID: 78650766694     PISSN: 01947648     EISSN: 1521057X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2010.535425     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. TOM L. BEAUCHAMP & JAMES F. CHILDRESS, PRINCIPLES OF BIOMEDICAL ETHICS (5th ed. 2001).
2. Deborah Cook & Mita Giacomini, The Sound of Silence: Rationing Resources for Critically Ill Patients, 3 CRITICAL CARE R1 (1999).
3. National Coalition on Health Care, Issue Areas: Cost (2010), available at http://nchc.org/issue-areas/cost.
4. Irvine Lapsley & Kath Melia, Clinical Actions and Financial Constraints: The Limits to Rationing Intensive Care, 23 SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 729 (2001).
5. Henriikka Clarkeburn, Implicit Rationing in Britain, 15 FAMILY PRAC. 190 (1999)
6. David Mechanic, Dilemmas in Rationing Health Care Services: The Case for Implicit Rationing, 310 BRIT. MED. J. 1655 (1995).
7. BEAUCHAMP & CHILDRESS, supra note 1.
8. Ivy Lynn Bourgeault et al., Everyday Experiences of Implicit Rationing: Comparing the Voices of Nurses in California and British Columbia, 23 SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 633 (2001).
9. PAUL STARR, THE SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICAN MEDICINE (1982).
10. David Naylor & Adam L. Linton, Allocation of Health Care Resources: A Challenge for the Medical Profession, 134 CANADIAN MED. ASS'N J. 333 (1986).
11. Bureau of Labor Statistics, The Employment Situation-December 2009, available at http://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit01082010.html
12. Andy Miller, More Americans Have No Health Insurance, at http://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/news/20090910/more-americans-have-no- healthinsurance.
13. Nayla Kazzi, More Americans Losing Health Insurance Every Day, at http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/05/insuranceloss.html
14. Richard Pizzi, Number of People Without Health Insurance Rises, at http://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/news/number-people-without-health- insurance-rises.
15. Karen Rizzo, Growing Uninsured Strains Safety Net, PHYSICIAN'S NEWS DIGEST (2007), available at http://www.physiciansnews.com/cover/1207pa.html.
16. A. Seiji Hayashi, Emily Selia, & Karen McDonnell, Stress and Provider Retention in Underserved Communities, 20 J. HEALTH CARE FOR POOR & UNDERSERVED 597 (2009).
17. Barb Galbincea & Robert L. Smith, Who Is Poor?, CLEV. PLAIN DEALER, Aug. 29, 2007, at A6.
18. CARE ALLIANCE, 2008 ANNUAL REPORT (2008), available at http://site.mawebcenters.com/carealliancehc/aboutorgdocs.html.
19. FREE CLINIC OF CLEVELAND, 2008 ANNUAL REPORT (2008), available at http://www.thefreeclinic.org/publications/AnnualReport2008.pdf.
20. BEAUCHAMP & CHILDRESS, supra note 1.
21. PETER A. CORNING, THE HISTORY OF MEDICARE (1969), available at http://www.ssa.gov/history/corning.html.
22. N. Biller-Andorno et al., Ethics, EBM, and Hospital Management, 30 J. MED. ETHICS 136 (2004).
23. Mita K. Giacomini et al., Guidelines as Rationing Tools: A Qualitative Analysis of Psychosocial Patient Selection Criteria for Cardiac Procedures, 164 CANADIAN MED. ASS'N J. 634 (2001).
24. Ash Samanta, & Jo Samanta, Evidence-Based Medicine: A Clinical Governance Tool for Rationalising or Rationing Care?, 10 CLINICAL GOVERNANCE: AN INT'L J. 308 (2005).
25. ALBERT R. JONSEN ET AL., CLINICAL ETHICS (6th ed. 2006).
26. GREGORY E. PENCE, CLASSIC CASES IN MEDICAL ETHICS (2000).
27. Traumabank, Revised Trauma Score, at http://www.trauma.org/archive/ scores/rts.html.
28. 1 (Swine) Flu Guidance, at http://www.flu.gov/professional/hospital/index.html#h1n1.
29. Clarkeburn, supra note 5.
30. Maria Schubert et al., Validation of the Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care Instrument, 56 NURSING RES. 416 (2007).
31. John S.G. Wells, Health Care Rationing: Nursing Perspectives, 22 J. ADVANCED NURSING 738 (1995).
32. Nita Muir, Clinical Decision-Making: Theory and Practice, 18 NURSING STANDARD 47 (2004).
33. Barbara Simmons et al., Clinical Reasoning in Experienced Nurses, 25 W. J. NURSING RES. 701 (2003).
34. Peter A. Ubel & Susan Goold, Recognizing Bedside Rationing: Clear Cases and Tough Calls, 126 ANNALS INT. MED. 74 (1997).
35. Clarkeburn, supra note 5
36. Mechanic, supra note 5.
37. Lapsley & Melia, supra note 4.
38. Jane Reid, Blanket Bans on Treatment: Conflict in Healthcare Resourcing, 7 BRIT. J. NURSING 105 (1998).
39. Carine Vassy, Categorisation and Micro-Rationing: Access to Care in a French Emergency Room, 23 SOCIOLOGY HEALTH & ILLNESS 615 (2001)
40. David Hughes & Lesley Griffiths, "Ruling In" and "Ruling Out": Two Approaches to Micro-Rationing of Health Care, 44 SOC. SCI. & MED. 589 (1997).
41. Schubert, supra note 27.
42. Rizzo, supra note 12
43. PATRICIA L. MUNHALL, NURSING RESEARCH (3d ed. 2001)
44. BEAUCHAMP & CHILDRESS, supra note 1
45. J. Michael Stallard et al., Health Care for the Elderly: A Social Obligation, 37 NURSING FORUM 5 (2002)
46. C. David Naylor et al., Queueing for Coronary Surgery During Severe Supply Demand Mismatch in a Canadian Referral Centre: A Case Study of Implicit Rationing, 37 SOCIAL SCI. MED. 61 (1993).
47. Clarkeburn, supra note 5.
48. Vassy, supra note 35.
49. Bourgeault, supra note 7.
50. BEAUCHAMP & CHILDRESS, supra note 1.
51. JOSEPH FLETCHER, SITUATION ETHICS (1966).
52. Mechanic, supra note 5.
53. Samia A. Hurst & Marion Danis, A Framework for Rationing by Clinical Judgment, 17 KENNEDY INST. ETHICS J. 247 (2007).
54. Ubel & Goold, supra note 31.
55. Hughes & Griffiths, supra note 35.
56. Naylor, supra note 37.
57. JONSEN, supra note 22.
58. BEAUCHAMP & CHILDRESS, supra note 1.
59. Reid, supra note 34.
60. American Nurses Association, Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001), reprinted in BIOMEDICAL ETHICS 172 (Thomas A. Mappes & David Degrazia eds., 6th ed. 2006).
61. Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association, Fundamental Elements of the Patient-Physician Relationship (2002), reprinted in BIOMEDICAL ETHICS, supra note 51, at 71-72.
62. JONSEN, supra note 22.
63. Cook & Giacomini, supra note 2
64. Stavros Petrou & Jane Wolstenholme, A Review of Alternative Approaches to Healthcare Resource Allocation, 18 PHARMACOECON. 33 (2000)
65. see also Cook & Giacomini, supra note 2.
66. Marcia Angell, The Doctor as Double Agent, 3 KENNEDY INST. ETHICS J. 279 (1993).
67. FLETCHER, supra note 42.
68. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki, available at http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html
69. The Nuremberg Code, available at http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/references/ nurcode.htm
70. Munhall, supra note 37.
71. Stallard, supra note 37.
72. Bourgeault, supra note 7.
73. PENCE, supra note 23.
74. FLETCHER, supra note 42.
75. Mechanic, supra note 5.
76. Angell, supra note 55.