Defining Clinical Malaria: The Specificity and Incidence of Endpoints from Active and Passive Surveillance of Children in Rural Kenya

PLoS ONE

Volumn 5, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 1-8

  Olotu, Ally ^a   Fegan, Gregory ^a,b   Williams, Thomas N ^a   Sasi, Philip ^c   Ogada, Edna ^a   Bauni, Evasius ^a   Wambua, Juliana ^a   Marsh, Kevin ^a,b   Borrmann, Steffen ^a,d   Bejon, Philip ^a,b  

^a KEMRI WELLCOME TRUST RESEARCH PROGRAMME   (Kenya)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES   (Tanzania)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AGE; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; FEMALE; FEVER; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; KENYA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALARIA; MALE; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; PARASITEMIA; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RURAL AREA; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COHORT ANALYSIS; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; GEOGRAPHY; INFANT; INFECTION CONTROL; METABOLISM; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RURAL POPULATION; STATISTICAL MODEL;

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM;

CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; COHORT STUDIES; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FEVER; GEOGRAPHY; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; KENYA; MALARIA; MALE; MODELS, STATISTICAL; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RURAL POPULATION;

EID: 78650745806     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015569     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Nevill CG, Some ES, Mung'ala VO, Mutemi W, New L, et al. (1996) Insecticide-treated bednets reduce mortality and severe morbidity from malaria among children on the Kenyan coast. Trop Med Int Health 1: 139-146.
2. Bejon P, Lusingu J, Olotu A, Leach A, Lievens M, et al. (2008) Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E vaccine against malaria in children 5 to 17 months of age. N Engl J Med 359: 2521-2532.
3. Ballou WR (2009) The development of the RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate: challenges and lessons. Parasite Immunol 31: 492-500.
4. Moorthy VS, Reed Z, Smith PG (2009) MALVAC 2008: Measures of efficacy of malaria vaccines in phase 2b and phase 3 trials-scientific, regulatory and public health perspectives. Vaccine 27: 624-628.
5. Smith T, Schellenberg JA, Hayes R (1994) Attributable fraction estimates and case definitions for malaria in endemic areas. Stat Med 13: 2345-2358.
6. Bejon P, Berkley JA, Mwangi T, Ogada E, Mwangi I, et al. (2007) Defining childhood severe falciparum malaria for intervention studies. PLoS Med 4: e251.
7. Mwangi TW, Ross A, Snow RW, Marsh K (2005) Case definitions of clinical malaria under different transmission conditions in Kilifi District, Kenya. J Infect Dis 191: 1932-1939.
8. McGuinness D, Koram K, Bennett S, Wagner G, Nkrumah F, et al. (1998) Clinical case definitions for malaria: clinical malaria associated with very low parasite densities in African infants. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92: 527-531.
9. Rogers WO, Atuguba F, Oduro AR, Hodgson A, Koram KA (2006) Clinical case definitions and malaria vaccine efficacy. J Infect Dis 193: 467-473.
10. Dicko A, Mantel C, Kouriba B, Sagara I, Thera MA, et al. (2005) Season, fever prevalence and pyrogenic threshold for malaria disease definition in an endemic area of Mali. Trop Med Int Health 10: 550-556.
11. Van den Ende J, Mukaminega M (2005) Attributable fraction of malaria in Mali by Dicko et al. (2005). Trop Med Int Health 10: 1207.
12. Schellenberg DM, Aponte JJ, Kahigwa EA, Mshinda H, Tanner M, et al. (2003) The incidence of clinical malaria detected by active case detection in children in Ifakara, southern Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97: 647-654.
13. Moorthy VS, Reed Z, Smith PG (2009) Clinical trials to estimate the efficacy of preventive interventions against malaria in paediatric populations: a methodological review. Malar J 8: 23.
14. Franckel A, Lalou R (2009) Health-seeking behaviour for childhood malaria: household dynamics in rural Senegal. J Biosoc Sci 41: 1-19.
15. Sumba PO, Wong SL, Kanzaria HK, Johnson KA, John CC (2008) Malaria treatment-seeking behaviour and recovery from malaria in a highland area of Kenya. Malar J 7: 245.
16. Molyneux CS, Murira G, Masha J, Snow RW (2002) Intra-household relations and treatment decision-making for childhood illness: a Kenyan case study. J Biosoc Sci 34: 109-131.
17. Alonso PL, Smith T, Schellenberg JR, Masanja H, Mwankusye S, et al. (1994) Randomised trial of efficacy of SPf66 vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in southern Tanzania. Lancet 344: 1175-1181.
18. D'Alessandro U, Leach A, Drakeley CJ, Bennett S, Olaleye BO, et al. (1995) Efficacy trial of malaria vaccine SPf66 in Gambian infants. Lancet 346: 462-467.
19. Erhart A, Thang ND, Xa NX, Thieu NQ, Hung LX, et al. (2007) Accuracy of the health information system on malaria surveillance in Vietnam. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 216-225.
20. Oum S, Chandramohan D, Cairncross S (2005) Community-based surveillance: a pilot study from rural Cambodia. Trop Med Int Health 10: 689-697.
21. Abeysekera T, Wickremasinghe AR, Gunawardena DM, Mendis KN (1997) Optimizing the malaria data recording system through a study of case detection and treatment in Sri Lanka. Trop Med Int Health 2: 1057-1067.
22. Snow RW, Guerra CA, Noor AM, Myint HY, Hay SI (2005) The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nature 434: 214-217.
23. Mbogo CM, Mwangangi JM, Nzovu J, Gu W, Yan G, et al. (2003) Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Anopheles mosquitoes and Plasmodium falciparum transmission along the Kenyan coast. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 734-742.
24. O'Meara WP, Bejon P, Mwangi TW, Okiro EA, Peshu N, et al. (2008) Effect of a fall in malaria transmission on morbidity and mortality in Kilifi, Kenya. Lancet 372: 1555-1562.
25. O'Meara WP, Mwangi TW, Williams TN, McKenzie FE, Snow RW, et al. (2008) Relationship between exposure, clinical malaria, and age in an area of changing transmission intensity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 185-191.
26. Bejon P, Mwacharo J, Kai O, Mwangi T, Milligan P, et al. (2006) A phase 2b randomised trial of the candidate malaria vaccines FP9 ME-TRAP and MVA ME-TRAP among children in Kenya. PLoS Clin Trials 1: e29.
27. Kangwana BB, Njogu J, Wasunna B, Kedenge SV, Memusi DN, et al. (2009) Malaria drug shortages in Kenya: a major failure to provide access to effective treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 737-738.
28. Marsh VM, Mutemi WM, Muturi J, Haaland A, Watkins WM, et al. (1999) Changing home treatment of childhood fevers by training shop keepers in rural Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 4: 383-389.
29. Bhattarai A, Ali AS, Kachur SP, Martensson A, Abbas AK, et al. (2007) Impact of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in Zanzibar. PLoS Med 4: e309.
30. Teng CL, Ng CJ, Nik-Sherina H, Zailinawati AH, Tong SF (2008) The accuracy of mother's touch to detect fever in children: a systematic review. J Trop Pediatr 54: 70-73.
31. Nwanyanwu OC, Ziba C, Redd SC, Luby SP (1997) Palpation as a method of fever determination in Malawian children who are less than 5 years old: how reliable is it? Ann Trop Med Parasitol 91: 359-363.
32. Kreuels B, Kobbe R, Adjei S, Kreuzberg C, von Reden C, et al. (2008) Spatial variation of malaria incidence in young children from a geographically homogeneous area with high endemicity. J Infect Dis 197: 85-93.