Neoplasms of the Kidney

Genitourinary Pathology

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 281-340

  Hattab, Eyas M ^a   Cheng, Liang ^a   Eble, John N ^b  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Van Nuys Medical Science Building ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78650666999     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-06677-1.50011-9     Document Type: Chapter

References (126)

1. MB Amin, MB Amin, P Tamboli, et al. (2002) Prognostic impact of histologic subtyping of adult renal epithelial neoplasms: An experience of 405 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 26 281-291.
2. JC Cheville, CM Lohse, H Zincke, et al. (2003) Comparisons of outcome and prognostic features among histologic subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 27 612-624.
3. JN Eble, G Sauter, JI Epstein, et al. (2004) World Health Organization classification of tumors: Pathology and genetics of tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs Lyons: IARC Press
4. SA Fuhrman, LC Lasky and C Limas (1982) Prognostic significance of morphologic parameters in renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 6 655-663.
5. H Moch, T Gasser, MB Amin, et al. (2000) Prognostic utility of the recently recommended histologic classification and revised TNM staging system of renal cell carcinoma: A Swiss experience with 588 tumors. Cancer 89 604-614.
6. WM Murphy, DJ Grignon and EJ Perlman (2004) Tumors of the Kidney, Bladder, and Related Urinary Structures. Atlas of Tumor Pathology, 4th series, Fascicle 1 Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
7. S Störkel, JN Eble, K Adlakha, et al. (1997) Classification of renal cell carcinoma: Workgroup No. 1. Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Cancer 80 987-989.
8. JN Eble and SM Bonsib (1998) Extensively cystic renal neoplasms: Cystic nephroma, cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma, multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma, and cystic hamartoma of renal pelvis [review]. Semin Diagn Pathol 15 2-20.
9. DS Hartman, CJ Davis Jr, T Johns and SM Goldman (1986) Cystic renal cell carcinoma. Urology 28 145-153.
10. S Koga, A Yamasaki, M Nishikido, et al. (1991) Multiloculated renal cell carcinoma. Int Urol Nephrol 23 423-428.
11. T Murad, W Komaiko, R Oyasu and K Bauer (1991) Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 95 633-637.
12. A Nassir, J Jollimore, R Gupta, et al. (2002) Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: A series of 12 cases and review of the literature [review]. Urology 60 421-427.
13. MB Amin, CL Corless, AA Renshaw, et al. (1997) Papillary (chromophil) renal cell carcinoma: Histomorphologic characteristics and evaluation of conventional pathologic prognostic parameters in 62 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 21 621-635.
14. M Brunelli, JN Eble, S Zhang, et al. (2003) Gains of chromosomes 7, 17, 12, 16, and 20 and loss of Y occur early in the evolution of papillary renal cell neoplasia: A fluorescent in situ hybridization study. Mod Pathol 16 1053-1059.
15. B Delahunt and JN Eble (1997) Papillary renal cell carcinoma: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 105 tumors. Mod Pathol 10 537-544.
16. B Delahunt, JN Eble, MR McCredie, et al. (2001) Morphologic typing of papillary renal cell carcinoma: Comparison of growth kinetics and patient survival in 66 cases. Hum Pathol 32 590-595.
17. DJ Lager, BJ Huston, TG Timmerman and SM Bonsib (1995) Papillary renal tumors: Morphologic, cytochemical, and genotypic features. Cancer 76 669-673.
18. T Onishi, Y Ohishi, H Goto, et al. (1999) Papillary renal cell carcinoma: Clinicopathological characteristics and evaluation of prognosis in 42 patients. BJU Int 83 937-943.
19. NA Abrahams, GT Maclennan, JD Khoury, et al. (2004) Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: A comparative study of histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features using high throughput tissue microarray. Histopathology 45 593-602.
20. TB Crotty, GM Farrow and MM Lieber (1995) Chromophobe cell renal carcinoma: Clinicopathological features of 50 cases. J Urol 154 964-967.
21. B Latham, GR Dickersin and E Oliva (1999) Subtypes of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma: An ultrastructural and histochemical study of 13 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 23 530-535.
22. W Thoenes, S Storkel, HJ Rumpelt, et al. (1988) Chromophobe cell renal carcinoma and its variants: A report on 32 cases. J Pathol 155 277-287.
23. SK Tickoo, MB Amin and RJ Zarbo (1998) Colloidal iron staining in renal epithelial neoplasms, including chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: Emphasis on technique and patterns of staining. Am J Surg Pathol 22 419-424.
24. D Chao, A Zisman, AJ Pantuck, et al. (2002) Collecting duct renal cell carcinoma: Clinical study of a rare tumor. J Urol 167 71-74.
25. S Fleming and HJ Lewi (1986) Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. Histopathology 10 1131-1141.
26. SM Kennedy, MJ Merino, WM Linehan, et al. (1990) Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. Hum Pathol 21 449-456.
27. M Peyromaure, N Thiounn, F Scotte, et al. (2003) Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: A clinicopathological study of 9 cases. J Urol 170(4 Pt 1), 1138-1140.
28. JR Srigley and JN Eble (1998) Collecting duct carcinoma of kidney [review]. Semin Diagn Pathol 15 54-67.
29. RA Avery, JE Harris, CJ Davis Jr, et al. (1996) Renal medullary carcinoma: Clinical and therapeutic aspects of a newly described tumor. Cancer 78 128-132.
30. CJ Davis Jr, FK Mostofi and IA Sesterhenn (1995) Renal medullary carcinoma: The seventh sickle cell nephropathy. Am J Surg Pathol 19 1-11.
31. RS Figenshau, JW Basler, JH Ritter, et al. (1998) Renal medullary carcinoma. J Urol 159 711-713.
32. R Rodriquez-Jurado and F Gonzalez-Crussi (1996) Renal medullary carcinoma: Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations. J Urol Pathol 4 191-203.
33. MA Swartz, J Karth, DT Schneider, et al. (2002) Renal medullary carcinoma: Clinical, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic analysis with pathogenetic implications. Urology 60 1083-1089.
34. P Argani, CR Antonescu, PB Illei, et al. (2001) Primary renal neoplasms with the ASPL- TFE3 gene fusion of alveolar soft part carcinoma: A distinctive tumor entity previously included among renal cell carcinomas of children and adolescents. Am J Pathol 159 179-192.
35. P Argani and M Ladanyi (2003) Distinctive neoplasms characterised by specific chromosomal translocations comprise a significant proportion of pediatric renal cell carcinomas [review]. Pathology 35 492-498.
36. E Bruder, O Passera, D Harms, et al. (2004) Morphologic and molecular characterization of renal cell carcinoma in children and young adults. Am J Surg Pathol 28 1117-1132.
37. C Perot, L Boccon-Gibod, R Bouvier, et al. (2003) Five new cases of juvenile renal cell carcinoma with translocations involving Xp11.2: a cytogenetic and morphologic study. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 143 93-99.
38. JN Eble (2003) Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma and post-neuroblastoma carcinoma: Newly recognised entities in the renal cell carcinoma family [review]. Pathology 35 499-504.
39. JM Fleitz, SL Wootton-Gorges, J Wyatt-Ashmead, et al. (2003) Renal cell carcinoma in long-term survivors of advanced stage neuroblastoma in early childhood. Pediatr Radiol 33 540-545.
40. MA Koyle, DA Hatch, PD Furness 3rd, et al. (2001) Long-term urological complications in survivors younger than 15 months of advanced stage abdominal neuroblastoma. J Urol 166 1455-1458.
41. LJ Medeiros, G Palmedo, HR Krigman, et al. (1999) Oncocytoid renal cell carcinoma after neuroblastoma: A report of four cases of a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Am J Surg Pathol 23 772-780.
42. NJ Vogelzang, X Yang, S Goldman, et al. (1998) Radiation induced renal cell cancer: A report of 4 cases and review of the literature [review]. J Urol 160(6 Pt 1), 1987-1990.
43. JN Eble (2003) Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma and post-neuroblastoma carcinoma: Newly recognised entities in the renal cell carcinoma family [review]. Pathology 35 499-504.
44. O Hes, M Hora, DM Perez-Montiel, et al. (2002) Spindle and cuboidal renal cell carcinoma, a tumour having frequent association with nephrolithiasis: Report of 11 cases including a case with hybrid conventional renal cell carcinoma/spindle and cuboidal renal cell carcinoma components. Histopathology 41 549-555.
45. N Kuroda, M Toi, M Hiroi, et al. (2005) Review of mucinous tubular and spindle-cell carcinoma of the kidney with a focus on clinical and pathobiological aspects. Histol Histopathol 20 221-224.
46. AV Parwani, AN Husain, JI Epstein, et al. (2001) Low-grade myxoid renal epithelial neoplasms with distal nephron differentiation. Hum Pathol 32 506-512.
47. C Rakozy, GE Schmahl, S Bogner and S Storkel (2002) Low-grade tubular-mucinous renal neoplasms: Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic features. Mod Pathol 15 1162-1171.
48. JN Eble and K Warfel (1991) Early human renal cortical epithelial neoplasia. Mod Pathol 4 45A.
49. V Faria, M Reis and D Trigueiros (1994) Renal adenoma: Identification of two histologic types. Eur Urol 26 170-175.
50. DJ Grignon and JN Eble (1998) Papillary and metanephric adenomas of the kidney [review]. Semin Diagn Pathol 15 41-53.
51. MD Hughson, D Buchwald and M Fox (1986) Renal neoplasia and acquired cystic kidney disease in patients receiving long-term dialysis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 110 592-601.
52. M Reis, V Faria, J Lindoro and A Adolfo (1988) The small cystic and noncystic noninflammatory renal nodules: A postmortem study. J Urol 140 721-724.
53. MB Amin, TB Crotty, SK Tickoo and GM Farrow (1997) Renal oncocytoma: A reappraisal of morphologic features with clinicopathologic findings in 80 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 21 1-12. Erratum
54. Am J Surg Pathol 21 742.
55. B Cochand-Priollet, V Molinie, J Bougaran, et al. (1997) Renal chromophobe cell carcinoma and oncocytoma: A comparative morphologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical study of 124 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 121 1081-1086.
56. JN Eble and MT Hull (1984) Morphologic features of renal oncocytoma: A light and electron microscopic study. Hum Pathol 15 1054-1061.
57. B Perez-Ordonez, G Hamed, S Campbell, et al. (1997) Renal oncocytoma: A clinicopathologic study of 70 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 21 871-883.
58. SK Tickoo, MW Lee, JN Eble, et al. (2000) Ultrastructural observations on mitochondria and microvesicles in renal oncocytoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, and eosinophilic variant of conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 24 1247-1256.
59. MB Amin, MB Amin, P Tamboli, et al. (2002) Prognostic impact of histologic subtyping of adult renal epithelial neoplasms: An experience of 405 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 26 281-291.
60. G Kovacs, M Akhtar, BJ Beckwith, et al. (1997) The Heidelberg classification of renal cell tumors [review]. J Pathol 183 131-133.
61. S Storkel, JN Eble, K Adlakha, et al. (1997) Classification of renal cell carcinoma. Workgroup No. 1. Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Cancer 80 987-989.
62. A Zisman, DH Chao, AJ Pantuck, et al. (2002) Unclassified renal cell carcinoma: Clinical features and prognostic impact of a new histological subtype. J Urol 168 950-955.
63. MR Arroyo, DM Green, EJ Perlman, et al. (2001) The spectrum of metanephric adenofibroma and related lesions: Clinicopathologic study of 25 cases from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group Pathology Center. Am J Surg Pathol 25 433-444.
64. M Brunelli, JN Eble, S Zhang, et al. (2003) Metanephric adenoma lacks the gains of chromosomes 7 and 17 and loss of Y that are typical of papillary renal cell carcinoma and papillary adenoma. Mod Pathol 16 1060-1063.
65. CJ Davis Jr, JH Barton, IA Sesterhenn and FK Mostofi (1995) Metanephric adenoma: Clinicopathological study of fifty patients. Am J Surg Pathol 19 1101-1114.
66. Z Gatalica, S Grujic, A Kovatich and RO Petersen (1996) Metanephric adenoma: Histology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics, ultrastructure. Mod Pathol 9 329-333.
67. EC Jones, M Pins, GR Dickersin and RH Young (1995) Metanephric adenoma of the kidney: A clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, flow cytometric, cytogenetic, and electron microscopic study of seven cases. Am J Surg Pathol 19 615-626.
68. TE Muir, JC Cheville and DJ Lager (2001) Metanephric adenoma, nephrogenic rests, and Wilms' tumor: A histologic and immunophenotypic comparison. Am J Surg Pathol 25 1290-1296.
69. P Argani and JB Beckwith (2000) Metanephric stromal tumor: Report of 31 cases of a distinctive pediatric renal neoplasm. Am J Surg Pathol 24 917-926.
70. MA Palese, F Ferrer, E Perlman and JP Gearhart (2001) Metanephric stromal tumor: A rare benign pediatric renal mass. Urology 58 462.
71. JB Beckwith (1998) National Wilms' Tumor Study: An update for pathologists. Pediatr Dev Pathol 1 79-84.
72. JB Beckwith (1997) New developments in the pathology of Wilms' tumor. Cancer Invest 15 153-162.
73. JB Beckwith, CE Zuppan, NG Browning, et al. (1996) Histological analysis of aggressiveness and responsiveness in Wilms' tumor. Med Pediatr Oncol 27 422-428.
74. AK Charles, S Mall, J Watson and PJ Berry (1997) Expression of the Wilms' tumor gene WT1 in the developing human and in pediatric renal tumors: An immunohistochemical study. Mol Pathol 50 138-144.
75. DM Parham, GJ Roloson, M Feely, et al. (2001) Primary malignant neuroepithelial tumors of the kidney: A clinicopathologic analysis of 146 adult and pediatric cases from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group Pathology Center. Am J Surg Pathol 25 133-146.
76. JB Beckwith (1998) Nephrogenic rests and the pathogenesis of Wilms' tumor: Developmental and clinical considerations. Am J Med Genet 79 268-273.
77. JB Beckwith (1993) Precursor lesions of Wilms' tumor: Clinical and biological implications. Med Pediatr Oncol 21 158-168.
78. JB Beckwith, NB Kiviat and JF Bonadio (1990) Nephrogenic rests, nephroblastomatosis, and the pathogenesis of Wilms' tumor. Pediatr Pathol 10 1-36.
79. KE Bove and AJ McAdams (1976) The nephroblastomatosis complex and its relationship to Wilms' tumor: A clinicopathologic treatise. Perspect Pediatr Pathol 3 185-223.
80. RA Hennigar, PA O'Shea and JD Grattan-Smith (2001) Clinicopathologic features of nephrogenic rests and nephroblastomatosis. Adv Anat Pathol 8 276-289.
81. JM Brown (1975) Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma. J Pathol 115 175-178.
82. JN Eble (1994) Cystic nephroma and cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma: Two entities or one? Adv Anat Pathol 1 99-102.
83. JN Eble and SM Bonsib (1998) Extensively cystic renal neoplasms: Cystic nephroma, cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma, multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma, and cystic hamartoma of renal pelvis. Semin Diagn Pathol 15 2-20.
84. VV Joshi, AK Banerjee, K Yadav and IC Pathak (1977) Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma: A clinicopathologic entity in the spectrum of infantile renal neoplasia. Cancer 40 789-795.
85. VV Joshi and JB Beckwith (1989) Multilocular cyst of the kidney (cystic nephroma) and cystic, partially differentiated nephroblastoma: Terminology and criteria for diagnosis. Cancer 64 466-479.
86. P Argani, EJ Perlman, NE Breslow, et al. (2000) Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: A review of 351 cases from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group Pathology Center. Am J Surg Pathol 24 4-18.
87. HB Marsden and W Lawler (1980) Bone metastasizing renal tumor of childhood: Histopathological and clinical review of 38 cases. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 387 341-351.
88. AE Schuster, DT Schneider, MK Fritsch, et al. (2003) Genetic and genetic expression analyses of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. Lab Invest 83 1293-1299.
89. C Sotelo-Avila, F Gonzalez-Crussi, S Sadowinski, et al. (1985) Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: A clinicopathologic study of 21 patients with long-term follow-up evaluation. Hum Pathol 16 1219-1230.
90. EC Douglass, M Valentine, ST Rowe, et al. (1990) Malignant rhabdoid tumor: A highly malignant childhood tumor with minimal karyotypic changes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2 210-216.
91. C Sotelo-Avila, F Gonzalez-Crussi, D deMello, et al. (1986) Renal and extrarenal rhabdoid tumors in children: A clinicopathologic study of 14 patients. Semin Diagn Pathol 3 151-163.
92. GM Vujanic, B Sandstedt, D Harms, et al. (1996) Rhabdoid tumour of the kidney: A clinicopathological study of 22 patients from the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) nephroblastoma file. Histopathology 28 333-340.
93. FV White, LP Dehner, DA Belchis, et al. (1999) Congenital disseminated malignant rhabdoid tumor: A distinct clinicopathologic entity demonstrating abnormalities of chromosome 22q11. Am J Surg Pathol 23 249-256.
94. RP Bolande, AJ Brough and RJ Izant Jr (1967) Congenital mesoblastic nephroma of infancy: A report of eight cases and the relationship to Wilms' tumor. Pediatrics 40 272-278.
95. P Fitchev, JB Beckwith and EJ Perlman (2003) Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: Prognosis and outcome. Lab Invest 83 2P.
96. G Pettinato, JC Manivel, MR Wick and LP Dehner (1989) Classical and cellular (atypical) congenital mesoblastic nephroma: A clinicopathologic, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric study. Hum Pathol 20 682-690.
97. J Chatten, WJ Cromie and JW Duckett (1980) Ossifying tumor of infantile kidney: Report of two cases. Cancer 45 609-612.
98. RD Glick, MJ Hicks, JG Nuchtern, et al. (2004) Renal tumors in infants less than 6 months of age. J Pediatr Surg 39 522-525.
99. C Sotelo-Avila, JB Beckwith and JE Johnson (1995) Ossifying renal tumor of infancy: A clinicopathologic study of nine cases. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med 15 745-762.
100. M Barnard and G Lajoie (2001) Angiomyolipoma: Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 14 cases. Ultrastruct Pathol 25 21-29.
101. L Cheng, J Gu, JN Eble, et al. (2001) Molecular genetic evidence for different clonal origin of components of human renal angiomyolipomas. Am J Surg Pathol 25 1231-1236.
102. JN Eble (1998) Angiomyolipoma of kidney. Semin Diagn Pathol 15 21-40.
103. GM Farrow, EG Harrison Jr, DC Utz and DR Jones (1968) Renal angiomyolipoma: A clinicopathologic study of 32 cases. Cancer 22 564-570.
104. H L'Hostis, C Deminiere, JM Ferriere and JM Coindre (1999) Renal angiomyolipoma: A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and follow-up study of 46 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 23 1011-1020.
105. ES Cibas, GA Goss, MH Kulke, et al. (2001) Malignant epithelioid angiomyolipoma (“sarcoma ex angiomyolipoma”) of the kidney: A case report and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 25 121-126.
106. JN Eble, MB Amin and RH Young (1997) Epithelioid angiomyolipoma of the kidney: A report of five cases with a prominent and diagnostically confusing epithelioid smooth muscle component. Am J Surg Pathol 21 1123-1130.
107. KT Mai, DG Perkins and JP Collins (1996) Epithelioid cell variant of renal angiomyolipoma. Histopathology 28 277-280.
108. M Pea, F Bonetti, G Martignoni, et al. (1998) Apparent renal cell carcinomas in tuberous sclerosis are heterogeneous: The identification of malignant epithelioid angiomyolipoma. Am J Surg Pathol 22 180-187.
109. X Duan, P Bruneval, R Hammadeh, et al. (2004) Metastatic juxtaglomerular cell tumor in a 52-year-old man. Am J Surg Pathol 28 1098-1102.
110. SA Martin, LA Mynderse, DJ Lager and JC Cheville (2001) Juxtaglomerular cell tumor: A clinicopathologic study of four cases and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol 116 854-863.
111. JP Squires, TM Ulbright, K DeSchryver-Kecskemeti and W Engleman (1984) Juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the kidney. Cancer 53 516-523.
112. P Tamboli, JY Ro, MB Amin, et al. (2000) Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the adult kidney. Part II: Benign mesenchymal and mixed neoplasms, and tumor-like lesions. Adv Anat Pathol 7 47-66.
113. M Dall'Era and S Das (2000) Benign medullary fibroma of the kidney. J Urol 164 2018.
114. RJ Lerman, JA Pitcock, P Stephenson and EE Muirhead (1972) Renomedullary interstitial cell tumor (formerly fibroma of renal medulla). Hum Pathol 3 559-568.
115. P Tamboli, JY Ro, MB Amin, et al. (2000) Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the adult kidney. Part II: Benign mesenchymal and mixed neoplasms, and tumor-like lesions. Adv Anat Pathol 7 47-66.
116. B Delahunt, KJ Thomson, AF Ferguson, et al. (1993) Familial cystic nephroma and pleuropulmonary blastoma. Cancer 71 1338-1342.
117. JN Eble and SM Bonsib (1998) Extensively cystic renal neoplasms: Cystic nephroma, cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma, multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma, and cystic hamartoma of renal pelvis [review]. Semin Diagn Pathol 15 2-20.
118. VV Joshi and JB Beckwith (1989) Multilocular cyst of the kidney (cystic nephroma) and cystic, partially differentiated nephroblastoma: Terminology and criteria for diagnosis. Cancer 64 466-479.
119. NV Adsay, JN Eble, JR Srigley, et al. (2000) Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney. Am J Surg Pathol 24 958-970.
120. M Michal, O Hes, M Bisceglia, et al. (2004) Mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the kidney: A report of 22 cases. Virchows Arch 445 359-367.
121. CR Pierson, MS Schober, T Wallis, et al. (2001) Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney lacks the genetic alterations of cellular congenital mesoblastic nephroma. Hum Pathol 32 513-520.
122. LR Begin, L Guy, SA Jacobson and AG Aprikian (1998) Renal carcinoid and horseshoe kidney: A frequent association of two rare entities. Case report and review of the literature. J Surg Oncol 68 113-119.
123. JR Goldblum and RV Lloyd (1993) Primary renal carcinoid. Case report and literature review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 117 855-858.
124. WF Raslan, JY Ro, NG Ordonez, et al. (1993) Primary carcinoid of the kidney: Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of five patients. Cancer 72 2660-2666.
125. CB Antoneli, CM Costa, B de Camargo, et al. (1998) Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)/extraosseous Ewing sarcoma of the kidney. Med Pediatr Oncol 30 303-307.
126. EF Marley, H Liapis, PA Humphrey, et al. (1997) Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney—another enigma: A pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular diagnostic study. Am J Surg Pathol 21 354-359.