Different patterns of sexual identity development over time: Implications for the psychological adjustment of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths

Journal of Sex Research

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 3-15

  Rosario, Margaret ^a   Schrimshaw, Eric W ^b   Hunter, Joyce ^c  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^c NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BISEXUALITY; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD PSYCHOLOGY; DEPRESSION; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL ADAPTATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY; BISEXUALITY; DEPRESSION; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; NEW YORK CITY; SELF CONCEPT; SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; SOCIAL SUPPORT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 78650627021     PISSN: 00224499     EISSN: 15598519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00224490903331067     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Adams, G. R., Munro, B., Doherty-Poirer, M., Munro, G., Petersen, A.-M. R., & Edwards, J. (2001). Diffuse-avoidance, normative, and informational identity styles: Use of identity theory to predict maladjustment. Identity, 1, 307-320.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., Rev. Ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Archer, S. L., & Grey, J. A. (2009). The sexual domain of identity: Sexual statuses of identity in relation to psychosocial sexual health. Identity, 9, 33-62.
4. Balsam, K. F., & Mohr, J. J. (2007). Adaptation to sexual orientation stigma: A comparison of bisexual and lesbian/gay adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 306-319.
5. Bontempo, D. E., & D'Augelli, A. R. (2002). Effects of at-school victimization and sexual orientation on lesbian, gay, or bisexual youths' health risk behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 364-374.
6. Cass, V. C. (1979). Homosexual identity formation: A theoretical model. Journal of Homosexuality, 4, 219-235.
7. Chapman, B. E., & Brannock, J. C. (1987). Proposed model of lesbian identity development: An empirical examination. Journal of Homosexuality, 14, 69-80.
8. Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive: Studies in evaluative dependence. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
9. D'Augelli, A. R. (2002). Mental health problems among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths ages 14 to 21. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7, 433-456.
10. Derogatis, L. R. (1993). BSI, Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
11. Diamond, L. M. (2005). A new view of lesbian subtypes: Stable versus fluid identity trajectories over an 8-year period. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 119-128.
12. Dubé, E. M. (2000). The role of sexual behavior in the identification process of gay and bisexual males. Journal of Sex Research, 37, 123-132.
13. Eccles, T. A., Sayegh, M. A., Fortenberry, J. D., & Zimet, G. D. (2004). More normal than not: A qualitative assessment of the developmental experiences of gay male youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35, 425.e11-525.e18.
14. Eisenberg, M. E., & Resnick, M. D. (2006). Suicidality among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth: The role of protective factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 662-668.
15. Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
16. Erikson, E. H. (1980). Ego development and historical change. In Identity and the life cycle (pp. 17-50). New York: Norton. (Original work published 1946).
17. Erikson, E. H. (1980). The problem of ego identity. In Identity and the life cycle (pp. 107-175). New York: Norton. (Original work published 1956).
18. Everitt, B. S., Landau, S., & Leese, M. (2001). Cluster analysis (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
19. Fassinger, R. E., & Miller, B. A. (1996). Validation of an inclusive model of sexual minority identity formation on a sample of gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 32, 53-78.
20. Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Beautrais, A. L. (1999). Is sexual orientation related to mental health problems and suicidality in young people?. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 876-880.
21. Floyd, F. J., & Stein, T. S. (2002). Sexual orientation identity formation among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths: Multiple patterns of milestone experiences. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12, 167-191.
22. Goodman, L. A., & Kruskal, W. H. (1979). Measures of association for cross classification. New York: Springer-Verlag.
23. Grov, C., Bimbi, D. S., Nanín, J. E., & Parsons, J. T. (2006). Race, ethnicity, gender, and generational factors associated with the coming-out process among gay, lesbian, bisexual individuals. Journal of Sex Research, 43, 115-121.
24. Gurley, D. N. (1990). The context of well-being after significant life stress: Measuring social support and obstruction. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
25. Halpin, S. A., & Allen, M. W. (2004). Changes in psychosocial well-being during stages of gay identity development. Journal of Homosexuality, 47, 109-126.
26. Henry, D. B., Tolan, P. H., & Gorman-Smith, D. (2005). Cluster analysis in family psychology research. Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 121-132.
27. Hershberger, S. L., & D'Augelli, A. R. (1995). The impact of victimization on the mental health and suicidality of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths. Developmental Psychology, 31, 65-74.
28. Huebner, D. M., Rebchook, G. M., & Kegeles, S. M. (2004). Experiences of harassment, discrimination, and physical violence among young gay and bisexual men. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1200-1203.
29. Igartua,K. J.,Gill,K.,&Montoro, R. (2003). Internalized homophobia:A factor in depression, anxiety, and suicide in the gay and lesbian population. Canadian Journal of CommunityMental Health, 22, 15-30.
30. Jordan, K. M., & Deluty, R. H. (1998). Coming out for lesbian women: Its relation to anxiety, positive affectivity, self-esteem, and social support. Journal of Homosexuality, 35, 41-63.
31. Kiang, L., Yip, T., & Fuligni, A. J. (2008). Multiple social identities and adjustment in young adults from ethnically diverse backgrounds. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18, 643-670.
32. Kroger, J. (2007). Identity development: Adolescence through adulthood (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
33. Lewis, R. J., Derlega, V. J., Clarke, E. G., & Kuang, J. C. (2006). Stigma consciousness, social constraints, and lesbian well-being. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 48-56.
34. Maguen, D., Floyd, F. J., Bakeman, R., & Armistead, L. (2002). Developmental milestones and disclosure of sexual orientation among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 23, 219-233.
35. Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551-558.
36. Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L., Ehrhardt, A. A., Exner, T. M., & Gruen, R. S. (1994). Sexual Risk Behavior Assessment Schedule-Youth. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies.
37. Mills, T. C., Paul, J., Stall, R., Pollack, L., Canchola, J., Chang, Y. J., et al. (2004). Distress and depression in men who have sex with men: The urban men's health study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 278-285.
38. Mohr, J. J., & Fassinger, R. E. (2003). Self-acceptance and self-disclosure of sexual orientation in lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults: An attachment perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 482-495.
39. Morris, J. F. (1997). Lesbian coming out as a multidimentional process. Journal of Homosexuality, 33, 1-22.
40. Morris, J. F., Waldo, C. R., & Rothblum, E. D. (2001). A model of predictors and outcomes of outness among lesbian and bisexual women. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71, 61-71.
41. Muise, A., Preyde, M., Maitland, S. B., & Milhausen, R. R. (in press). Sexual identity and sexual well-being in female heterosexual university students. Archives of Sexual Behavior.
42. Nungesser, L. (1983). Homosexual acts, actors, and identities. New York: Praeger.
43. Parks, C. A., & Hughes, T. L. (2007). Age differences in lesbian identity development and drinking. Substance Use & Misuse, 42, 361-380.
44. Procidano, M. E., & Heller, K. (1983). Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: Three validation studies. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 1-24.
45. Rapkin, B. D., & Luke, D. A. (1993). Cluster analysis in community research: Epistemology and practice. American Journal of Community Psychology, 21, 247-277.
46. Rosario, M., Hunter, J., Maguen, S., Gwadz, M., & Smith, R. (2001). The coming-out process and its adaptational and health-related associations among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths: Stipulation and exploration of a model. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29, 133-160.
47. Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E. W., & Hunter, J. (2005). Psychological distress following suicidality among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths: Role of social relationships. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 149-161.
48. Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E. W., & Hunter, J. (2008). Predicting different patterns of sexual identity development over time among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: A cluster analytic approach. American Journal of Community Psychology, 42, 266-282.
49. Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E. W., Hunter, J., & Braun, L. (2006). Sexual identity development among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: Consistency and change over time. Journal of Sex Research, 43, 46-58.
50. Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E. W., Hunter, J., & Gwadz, M. (2002). Gay-related stress and emotional distress among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths: A longitudinal examination. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 967-975.
51. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
52. Savin-Williams, R. C. (2005). The new gay teenager. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
53. Savin-Williams, R. C., & Diamond, L. M. (2000). Sexual identity trajectories among sexual-minority youths: Gender comparisons. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29, 607-627.
54. Schrimshaw, E. W., Rosario, M., Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L., & Scharf- Matlick, A. A. (2006). Test-retest reliability of self-reported sexual risk behavior, sexual orientation, and sexual development among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 225-234.
55. Swann, S. K., & Spivey, C. A. (2004). The relationship between self-esteem and lesbian identity during adolescence. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21, 629-646.
56. Troiden, R. R. (1989). The formation of homosexual identities. In G. Herdt (Ed.), Gay and lesbian youth (pp. 43-73). New York: Haworth.
57. Uchino, B. H. (2004). Social support and physical health: Understanding the health consequences of relationships. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
58. Udry, J. R., & Chantala, K. (2002). Risk assessment of adolescents with same-sex relationships. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 84-92.
59. Ueno, K. (2005). Sexual orientation and psychological distress in adolescence: Examining interpersonal stressors and social support processes. Social Psychology Quarterly, 68, 258-277.
60. Wills, T. A., & Fegan, M. F. (2001). Social networks and social support. In A. Baum, T. A. Revenson, & J. E. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of health psychology (pp. 209-234). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
61. Wright, E. R., & Perry, B. L. (2006). Sexual identity distress, social support, and health of gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth. Journal of Homosexuality, 51, 81-110.