Holocene temperature variations at a high-altitude site in the Eastern Alps: A chironomid record from Schwarzsee ob Sölden, Austria

Quaternary Science Reviews

Volumn 30, Issue 1-2, 2011, Pages 176-191

  Ilyashuk, Elena A ^a,b   Koinig, Karin A ^a   Heiri, Oliver ^c   Ilyashuk, Boris P ^b,c   Psenner, Roland ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^b INSTITUTE OF NORTH INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY PROBLEMS   (Russian Federation)

^c UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

20TH CENTURY; AIR TEMPERATURE; ALPINE REGIONS; AUSTRIA; CALIBRATION DATA; CLIMATE TRANSITION; COOLING TRENDS; DRIVING FORCES; HIGH ALTITUDE; HIGH RESOLUTION; HOLOCENES; INFERENCE MODELS; LONG-TERM TREND; MOUNTAIN LAKES; NORTHERN HEMISPHERES; PALAEOCLIMATE; STUDY SITES; TEMPERATURE RANGE; TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION; TEMPERATURE SIGNAL; TEMPERATURE VARIATION; THERMAL MAXIMA; TREELINE;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; COOLING SYSTEMS;

LAKES;

AIR TEMPERATURE; ALTITUDE; CALIBRATION; CLIMATE MODELING; COOLING; DATA SET; FLY; HOLOCENE; INSOLATION; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; PALEOCLIMATE; PALEOTEMPERATURE; RECONSTRUCTION; REGIONAL CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; TREELINE; TWENTIETH CENTURY; WARMING;

ALPS; AUSTRIA; EASTERN ALPS; SCHWARZSEE OB SOLDEN; TYROL;

CHIRONOMIDAE;

EID: 78650518403     PISSN: 02773791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.10.008     Document Type: Article

References (135)

1. ACIA Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 2004, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. http://amap.no/acia/.
2. Adrian R., O'Reilly C.M., Zagarese H., Baines S.B., Hessen D.O., Keller W., Livingstone D.M., Sommaruga R., Straile D., Van Donk E., Weyhenmeyer G.A., Winder M. Lakes as sentinels of climate change. Limnology and Oceanography 2009, 54:2283-2297.
3. Alley R.B., Mayewski P.A., Sowers T., Stuiver M., Taylor K.C., Clark P.U. Holocene climatic instability: a prominent, widespread event 8200 years ago. Geology 1997, 25:483-486.
4. Alm T., Willassen E. Late Weichselian Chironomidae (Diptera) stratigraphy of Lake Nedre Æråsvatn, Andøya, northern Norway. Hydrobiologia 1993, 264:21-32.
5. Ambach W., Blumthaler M., Wendler G. A comparison of ultraviolet radiation measured at an Arctic and an Alpine site. Solar Energy 1991, 47:121-126.
6. Andreev A.A., Tarasov P.E., Ilyashuk B.P., Ilyashuk E.A., Cremer H., Hermichen W.-D., Wischer F., Hubberten H.-W. Holocene environmental history recorded in the Lake Lyadhej-to sediments, polar Urals, Russia. Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2005, 223:181-203.
7. Armitage P.D. Behavior and ecology of adults. The Chironomidae: Biology and Ecology of Non-biting Midges 1995, 194-224. Chapman and Hall, London. P.D. Armitage, P.S. Cranston, L.C.V. Pinder (Eds.).
8. Auer I., Böhm R., Jurkovic A., Lipa W., Orlik A., Potzmann R., Schöner W., Ungersbock M., Matulla C., Briffa K., Jones P., Efthymiadis D., Brunetti M., Nanni T., Maugeri M., Mercalli L., Mestre O., Moisselin J.M., Begert M., Müller-Westermeier G., Kvetov V., Bochnicek O., Stastny P., Lapin M., Szalai S., Szentimrey T., Cegnar T., Dolinar M., Gajic-Capkaj M., Zaninovic K., Majstorovic Z., Nieplova E. HISTALP - historical instrumental climatological surface time series of the Greater Alpine Region. International Journal of Climatology 2007, 27:17-46.
9. Axford Y., Briner J.P., Cooke C.A., Francis D.R., Michelutti N., Miller G.H., Smol J.P., Thomas E.K., Wilson C.R., Wolfe A.P. Recent changes in a remote Arctic lake are unique within the past 200,000 years. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of U.S.A. 2009, 106:18443-18446.
10. Axford Y., Briner J.P., Miller G.H., Francis D.R. Paleoecological evidence for abrupt cold reversals during peak Holocene warmth on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada. Quaternary Research 2009, 71:142-149.
11. Baroni C., Orombelli G. The alpine 'Iceman' and Holocene climatic change. Quaternary Research 1996, 46:78-83.
12. Bates B.C., Kundzewicz Z.W., Wu S., Palutikof J.P. Climate Change and Water Technical Paper of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2008, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva.
13. Battarbee R.W. Palaeolimnological approaches to climate change, with special regard to the biological record. Quaternary Science Reviews 2000, 19:107-124.
14. Beniston M. Mountain climates and climatic change: an overview of Processes focusing on the European Alps. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2005, 162:1587-1606.
15. Beniston M. Mountain weather and climate: a general overview and a focus on climatic changes in the Alps. Hydrobiologia 2006, 562:3-16.
16. Beniston M., Jungo P. Shifts in the distribution of pressure, temperature and moisture and changes in the typical weather patterns in the Alpine region in response to the behaviour of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Theoretical and Applied Climatilogy 2002, 71:29-42.
17. Bennett K.D. Determination of the number of zones in a biostratigraphical sequence. New Phytologist 1996, 132:155-170.
18. Bennett K.D. Documentation for Psimpoll 4.10 and Pscomb 1.03. C Programs for Plotting Pollen Diagrams and Analyzing Pollen Data 2002, Uppsala University, Uppsala.
19. Bigler C., Larocque I., Peglar S.M., Birks H.J.B., Hall R.I. Quantitative multiproxy assessment of long-term patterns of Holocene environmental change from a small lake near Abisko, northern Sweden. The Holocene 2002, 12:481-496.
20. Bigler C., Heiri O., Krskova R., Lotter A.F., Sturm M. Distribution of diatoms, chironomids and cladocera in surface sediments of thirty mountain lakes in southeastern Switzerland. Aquatic Science 2006, 68:154-171.
21. Birks H.J.B. Quantitative palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Statistical Modelling of Quaternary Science Data 1995, 161-254. Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge. D. Maddy, J.S. Brew (Eds.).
22. Birks H.J.B. Numerical tools in palaeolimnology - progress, potentialities, and problems. Journal of Paleolimnology 1998, 20:307-332.
23. Birks H.J.B., Gordon A.D. The analysis of pollen stratigraphical data: zonation. Numerical Methods in Quaternary Pollen Analysis 1985, 47-90. Academic Press, London. H.J.B. Birks, A.D. Gordon (Eds.).
24. Birks H.J.B., Line J.M., Juggins S., Stevenson A.C., ter Braak C.J.F. Diatoms and pH reconstruction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1990, B327:263-278.
25. Blumthaler M., Ambach W., Ellinger R. Increase in solar UV radiation with altitude. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 1997, 39:130-134.
26. Boch R., Spötl C., Kramers J. High-resolution isotope records of early Holocene rapid climate change from two coeval stalagmites of Katerloch Cave, Austria. Quaternary Science Reviews 2009, 28:2527-2538.
27. Boggero A., Füreder L., Lencioni V., Simcic T., Thaler B., Ferrarese U., Lotter A.F., Ettinger R. Littoral chironomid communities of Alpine lakes in relation to environmental factors. Hydrobiologia 2006, 562:145-165.
28. Böhm R., Auer I., Brunetti M., Maugeri M., Nanni T., Schöner W. Regional temperature variability in the European Alps: 1760-1998 from homogenized instrumental time series. International Journal of Climatology 2001, 21:1779-1801.
29. 14C age determinations of tissue, bone and grass samples from the Ötztal Ice Man. Radiocarbon 1994, 36:247-250.
30. Booth R.K., Jackson S.T., Forman S.L., Kutzbach J.E., Bettis E.A., Kreig J., Wright D.K. A severe centennial-scale drought in midcontinental North America 4200 years ago and apparent global linkages. The Holocene 2005, 15:321-328.
31. Bradley R.S., Keimig F.T., Diaz H.F. Projected temperature changes along the American cordillera and the planned GCOS network. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31:L16210. 10.1029/2004GL020229.
32. Bretschko G. The chironomid fauna of a high-mountain lake (Vorderer Finstertaler See, Tyrol, Austria, 2237 m asl). Entomologisk Tidskrift Supplement 1974, 95:22-33.
33. Briner J.P., Michelutti N., Francis D.F., Miller G.H., Axford Y., Wooller M.J., Wolfe A.P. A multi-proxy lacustrine record of Holocene climate change on northeastern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada. Quaternary Research 2006, 65:431-442.
34. Bronk R.C. OxCal Program, v. 3.10. Radiocarbon Accelerator UNIT 2005, University of Oxford.
35. Brooks S.J., Langdon P.G., Heiri O. The Identification and Use of Palaearctic Chironomidae Larvae in Palaeoecology 2007, Quaternary Research Association, London.
36. Büntgen U., Esper J., Frank D.C., Nicolussi K., Schmidhalter M. A 1052-year tree-ring proxy for Alpine summer temperatures. Climate Dynamics 2005, 25:141-153.
37. Cleveland W.S., Grosse E., Shyu W.M. Local regression models. Statistical Models in S 1993, 309-376. Chapman and Hall, London. J.M. Chambers, T.J. Hastie (Eds.).
38. Corona C., Guiot J., Edouard J.L., Chalié F., Büntgen U., Nola P., Urbinati C. Millennium-long summer temperature variations in the European Alps as reconstructed from tree rings. Climate of the Past Discussions 2008, 4:1159-1201.
39. Crawley M.J. GLIM for Ecologists 1993, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
40. Crowley T.J. Remembrance of things past: greenhouse lessons from the geologic record. Consequences: the Nature and Implications of Environmental Change 1996, 2:3-12.
41. Danks H.V., Oliver D.R. Seasonal emergence of some high arctic Chironomidae (Diptera). Canadian Entomologist 1972, 104:661-686.
42. Efthymiadis D., Jones P.D., Briffa K.R., Auer I., Bohm R., Schoner W., Frei C., Schmidli J. Construction of a 10-Min-Gridded precipitation data set for the Greater alpine region for 1800-2003. Journal of Geophysical Research 2006, 111(D1). 10.1029/2005JD006120.
43. Foley J.A., Coe M.T., Scheffer M., Wang G. Regime shifts in the Sahara and Sahel: interactions between ecological and climatic systems in Northern Africa. Ecosystems 2003, 6:524-539.
44. Grimm E.C. TGView Software 2004, Illinois State Museum, Springfield.
45. Haas J.N., Richoz I., Tinner W., Wick L. Synchronous Holocene climate oscillations recorded on the Swiss Plateau and at timberline in the Alps. The Holocene 1998, 8:301-309.
46. Hågvar S., Østbye E. Notes on some winter-active Chironomidae. Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift 1973, 20:253-257.
47. Heegaard E., Birks H.J.B., Telford R.J. Relationships between calibrated ages and depth in stratigraphical sequences: an estimation procedure by mixed-effect regression. The Holocene 2005, 15:612-618.
48. Heiri O., Lotter A.F. Effect of low counts sums on quantitative environmental reconstructions: an example using subfossil chironomids. Journal of Paleolimnology 2001, 26:343-350.
49. Heiri O., Lotter A.F. Holocene and Lateglacial summer temperature reconstruction in the Swiss Alps based on fossil assemblages of aquatic organisms: a review. Boreas 2005, 34:506-516.
50. Heiri O., Lotter A.F. Chironomidae (Diptera) in Alpine lakes in Switzerland: a study based on subfossil assemblages in lake surface sediments. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal. Supplement 2008, 13:177-184.
51. Heiri O., Lotter A.F., Hausmann S., Kienast F. A chironomid-based Holocene summer air temperature reconstruction from the Swiss Alps. The Holocene 2003, 13:477-484.
52. Heiri O., Cremer H., Engels S., Hoek W.Z., Peeters W., Lotter A.F. Lateglacial summer temperatures in the Northwest European lowlands: a chironomid record from Hijkermeer, the Netherlands. Quaternary Science Reviews 2007, 26:2420-2437.
53. Heiri O., Filippi M.L., Lotter A.F. Lateglacial summer temperature in the Trentino area (Northern Italy) as reconstructed by fossil chironomid assemblages in Lago di Lavarone (1100 m a.s.l.). Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali Acta Geologica 2007, 82(2005):299-308.
54. Hill M.O. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 1973, 54:427-432.
55. Hormes A., Beer J., Schlüchter C. A geochronological approach to understanding the role of solar activity on Holocene glacier length variability in the Swiss Alps. Geografiska Annaler 2006, 88A:281-294.
56. Huber K., Weckström K., Drescher-Schneider R., Knoll J., Schmidt J., Schmidt R. Climate changes during the last glacial termination inferred from diatom-based temperatures and pollen in a sediment core from Längsee (Austria). Journal of Paleolimnology 2010, 43:131-147.
57. Ilyashuk B.P. Growth and production of aquatic mosses in acidified lakes of Karelia Republic, Russia. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2002, 135:285-290.
58. Ilyashuk E.A., Ilyashuk B.P., Hammarlund D., Larocque I. Holocene climatic and environmental changes inferred from midge records (Diptera: Chironomidae, Chaoboridae, Ceratopogonidae) at Lake Berkut, southern Kola Peninsula, Russia. The Holocene 2005, 15:897-914.
59. Ilyashuk B., Gobet E., Heiri O., Lotter A.F., van Leeuwen J.F.N., van der Knaap W.O., Ilyashuk E., Oberli F., Ammann B. Lateglacial environmental and climatic changes at the MalojaPass, Central Swiss Alps, as recorded by chironomids and pollen. Quaternary Science Reviews 2009, 28:1340-1353.
60. Ilyashuk B.P., Ilyashuk E.A., Makarchenko E.A., Heiri O. Midges of the genus Pseudodiamesa Goetghebuer (Diptera, Chironomidae): current knowledge and palaeoecological perspective. Journal of Paleolimnology 2010, 44:667-676.
61. Ivy-Ochs S., Kerschner H., Maisch M., Christl M., Kubik P.W., Schlüchter C. Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier variations in the European Alps. Quaternary Science Reviews 2009, 28:2137-2149.
62. Joerin U.E., Stocker T.F., Schlüchter C. Multicentury glacier fluctuations in the Swiss Alps during the Holocene. The Holocene 2006, 16:697-704.
63. Juggins S. C2 User Guide. Software for Ecological and Palaeoecological Data Analysis and Visualisation 2003, University of Newcastle, Newcastle.
64. Kerschner H., Hertl A., Gross G., Ivy-Ochs S., Kubik P.W. Surface exposure dating of moraines in the Kromer valley (Silvretta Mountains, Austria) - evidence for glacial response to the 8.2 ka event in the Eastern Alps?. The Holocene 2006, 16:7-15.
65. Kobashi T., Severinghaus J.P., Brook E.J., Barnola J.-M., Grachev A.M. Precise timing and characterization of abrupt climate change 8200 years ago from air trapped in polar ice. Quaternary Science Reviews 2007, 26:1212-1222.
66. Kofler W., Krapf V., Oberhuber W., Bortenschlager S. Vegetation responses to the 8200 cal BP cold event and to long-term climatic changes in the Eastern Alps: possible influence of solar activity and North Atlantic freshwater pulses. The Holocene 2005, 15:779-788.
67. Koinig K.A., Schmidt R., Sommaruga-Wögrath S., Tessadri R., Psenner R. Climate change as the primary cause for pH shifts in a high alpine lake. Water Air and Soil Pollution 1998, 104:167-180.
68. Koinig, K.A., Ilyashuk, E.A., Tessadri, R., Psenner, R., in preparation. Holocene changes in an alpine lake driven by catchment development, seasonality shifts in insolation and solar activity.
69. Kröpelin S., Verschuren D., Lézine A.-M., Eggermont H., Cocquyt C., Francus P., Cazet J.-P., Fagot M., Rumes B., Russell J.M., Darius F., Conley D.J., Schuster M., von Suchodoletz H., Engstrom D.R. Climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000 years. Science 2008, 320:765-768.
70. Kutzbach J., Gallimore R.G. Sensitivity of a coupled atmosphere and mixed-layer ocean model to changes in orbital forcing at 9000 years BP. Journal of Geophysical Research 1988, 93(D1):803-821.
71. Kutzbach J.E., Webb T. Conceptual basis for understanding Late-Quaternary climates. Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum 1993, 5-11. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. H.E. Wright, J.E. Kutzbach, T. WebbIII, W.F. Ruddiman, F.A. Street-Perrott, P.J. Bartlein (Eds.).
72. Langdon P.G., Barber K.E., Lomas-Clarke S.H. Reconstructing climate and environmental change in northern England through chironomid and pollen analyses: evidence from Talkin Tarn, Cumbria. Journal of Paleolimnology 2004, 32:197-213.
73. Langdon P.G., Leng M.J., Holmes N., Caseldine C.J. Lacustrine evidence of early-Holocene environmental change in northern Iceland: a multiproxy palaeoecology and stable isotope study. The Holocene 2010, 20:205-214.
74. Larocque I., Finsinger W. Late-glacial chironomid-based temperature reconstructions for Lago Piccolo di Avigliana in the southwestern Alps (Italy). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2008, 257:207-223.
75. Larocque I., Hall R.I., Grahn E. Chironomids as indicators of climate change: a 100-lake training set from a subarctic region of northern Sweden (Lapland). Journal of Paleolimnology 2001, 26:307-322.
76. Larocque I., Grosjean M., Heiri O., Bigler C., Blass A. Comparision between chironomid-inferred July temperatures and meteorological data AD 1850-2001 from varved Lake Silvaplana, Switzerland. Journal of Paleolimnology 2009, 41:329-342.
77. Larocque-Tobler I., Heiri O., Wehrli M. Lateglacial and Holocene temperature changes at Egelsee, Switzerland, reconstructed using subfossil chironomids. Journal of Paleolimnology 2010, 43:649-666.
78. Laskar J., Robutel P., Joutel F., Gastineau M., Correia A.C.M., Levrard B. A long term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth. Astronomy and Astrophysics 2004, 428:261-285.
79. Leeman A., Niessen F. Holocene glacial activity and climatic variations in the Swiss Alps: reconstructing a continuous record from pro-glacial lake sediments. The Holocene 1994, 4:259-268.
80. Legendre P., Legendre L. Numerical Ecology 1998, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
81. Light J.J. Clear lakes and aquatic bryophytes in the mountains of Scotland. Journal of Ecology 1975, 63:937-943.
82. Livingstone D.M., Lotter A.F., Walker I.R. The decrease in summer surface water temperature with altitude in Swiss Alpine lakes: a comparison with air temperature lapse rates. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 1999, 31:341-352.
83. Livingstone D.M., Lotter A.F., Kettle H. Altitude-dependent differences in the primary physical response of mountain lakes to climatic forcing. Limnology and Oceanography 2005, 50:1313-1325.
84. Lods-Crozet B., Lencioni V., Olafsson J.S., Snook D.L., Velle G., Brittain J.E., Castella E., Rossaro B. Chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) communities in six European glacier-fed streams. Freshwater Biology 2001, 46:1791-1809.
85. Lotter A.F., Heiri O., Hofmann W., van der Knaap W.O., van Leeuwen J.F.N., Walker I.R., Wick L. Holocene timber-line dynamics at Bachalpsee, a lake at 2265 m a.s.l. in the northern Swiss Alps. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 2006, 15:295-307.
86. MacDonald G.M., Kremenetski C.V., Velichko A.A., Cwynar L.C., Riding R.T., Goleva A.A., Andreev A.A., Borisova O.K., Edwards T.W.D., Hammarlund D., Szeicz J.M., Forman S., Gataullin V.I. Holocene treeline history and climate change across Northern Eurasia. Quaternary Research 2000, 53:302-311.
87. Magny M., Bégeot C. Hydrological changes in the European midlatitudes associated with freshwater outbursts from LakeAgassiz during the Younger Dryas event and the early Holocene. Quaternary Research 2004, 61:181-192.
88. Magny M., Haas J.N. A major widespread climatic change around 5300 cal yr BP at the time of the Alpine Iceman. Journal of Quaternary Science 2004, 19:423-430.
89. Magny M., Guiot J., Schoellammer P. Quantitative reconstruction of Younger Dryas to mid-Holocene paleoclimates at Le Locle, Swiss Jura, using pollen and lake-level data. Quaternary Research 2001, 56:170-180.
90. Magny M., Leuzinger U., Bortenschlager S., Haas J.N. Tripartite climate reversal in Central Europe 5600-5300 years ago. Quaternary Research 2006, 65:3-19.
91. Mangini A., Verdes P., Spötl C., Scholz D., Vollweiler N., Kromer B. Persistent influence of the North Atlantic hydrography on central European winter temperature during the last 9000 years. Geophysical Research Letters 2007, 34:L02704. 10.1029/2006GL028600.
92. 18O, textural and extension-rate variations in three speleothems. Quaternary Science Reviews 1999, 18:1021-1038.
93. Millet L., Arnaud F., Heiri O., Magny M., Verneaux V., Desmet M. Late-Holocene summer temperature reconstruction from chironomid assemblages of Lake Anterne, northern French Alps. The Holocene 2009, 19:317-328.
94. Milner A.M., Brittain J.E., Castella E., Petts G.E. Trends of macro-invertebrate community structure in glacier-fed rivers in relation to environmental conditions: a synthesis. Freshwater Biology 2001, 46:1833-1847.
95. Nicolussi K., Patzelt G. Discovery of early Holocene wood and peat on the forefield of the Pasterze glacier, Eastern Alps, Austria. The Holocene 2000, 10:191-199.
96. Nicolussi K., Patzelt G. Untersuchungen zur holozänen Gletscherentwicklung von Pasterze und Gepatschferner (Ostalpen). Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 2001, 36:1-87.
97. Nicolussi K., Kaufmann M., Patzelt G., van der Plicht J., Thurner A. Holocene tree-line variability in the KaunerValley, Central Eastern Alps, indicated by dendrochronological analysis of living trees and subfossil logs. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 2005, 14:221-234.
98. Nicolussi K., Kaufmann M., Melvin T.M., van der Plicht J., Schießling P., Thurner A. A 9111 year long conifer tree-ring chronology for the European Alps: a base for environmental and climatic investigations. The Holocene 2009, 19:909-920.
99. Oliver D.R. Adaptations of arctic Chironomidae. Annales Zoologici Fennici 1968, 5:111-118.
100. Oliver D.R. Life history of the Chironomidae. Annual Review of Entomology 1971, 16:211-230.
101. Ørbæk J.B., Tombre I., Kallenborn R. Challenges in arctic-alpine environmental research. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 2004, 36:281-283.
102. Ortu E., Peyron O., Bordon A., de Beaulieu J.L., Siniscalco C., Caramiello R. Lateglacial and Holocene climate oscillations in the South-western Alps: an attempt at quantitative reconstruction. Quaternary International 2008, 190:71-88.
103. Parker B.R., Vinebrooke R.D., Schindler D.W. Recent climate extremes alter alpine lake ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of U.S.A. 2008, 105:12927-12931.
104. Pechlaner R., Bretschko G., Gollmann P., Pfeifer H., Tilzer M., Weissenbach H.E. The production processes in two high-mountain Lakes (Vorderer and Hinterer Finstertaler See, Kühtai, Austria). Proceeding of the IBP-UNESCO Symposium on Productivity Problems of Freshwaters (Kasimierz Dolny, Poland, 1970) 1972, 239-269. Polish Scientific Press, Warsaw. Z. Kajak, A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska (Eds.).
105. Pinder L.C.V. Biology of freshwater Chironomidae. Annual Review of Entomology 1986, 31:1-23.
106. Raven P.J. Occurrence of Sphagnum moss in the sublittoral of several small oligotrophic lakes in Galloway, southwest Scotland. Aquatic Botany 1988, 30:223-230.
107. Reimer P.J., Baillie M.G.L., Bard E., Bayliss A., Beck J.W., Bertrand C.J.H., Blackwell P.G., Buck C.E., Burr G.S., Cutler K.B., Damon P.E., Edwards R.L., Fairbanks R.G., Friedrich M., Guilderson T.P., Hogg A.G., Hughen K.A., Kromer B., McCormac F.G., Manning S.W., Ramsey C.B., Reimer R.W., Remmele S., Southon J.R., Stuiver M., Talamo S., Taylor F.W., van der Plicht J., Weyhenmeyer C.E. IntCal04 Terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 26-0 ka BP. Radiocarbon 2004, 46:1029-1058.
108. Renssen H., Seppä H., Heiri O., Roche D.M., Goosse H., Fichefet T. The spatial and temporal complexity of the Holocene thermal maximum. Nature Geoscience 2009, 2:411-414.
109. Rieradevall M., Bonada N., Prat N. Substrate and depth preferences of macroinvertebrates along a transect in a Pyrenean high mountain lake (Lake Redó, NE Spain). Limnetica 1999, 17:127-134.
110. Schmidt R., Kamenik C., Tessadri R., Koinig K.A. Climatic changes from 12,000 to 4,000 years ago in the Austrian Central Alps tracked by sedimentological and biological proxies of a lake sediment core. Journal of Paleolimnology 2006, 35:491-505.
111. Schmidt R., Kamenik C., Roth M. Siliceous algae-based seasonal temperature inferences and indicator pollen tracking 4,000 years of climate/land-use interactions in the southern Austrian Alps. Journal of Paleolimnology 2007, 38:541-554.
112. Sommaruga-Wögrath S., Koinig K.A., Schmidt R., Sommaruga R., Tessadri R., Psenner R. Temperature effects on the acidity of remote alpine lakes. Nature 1997, 387:64-67.
113. Tátosová J., Stuchlík E. Seasonal dynamics of Chironomids in the profundal zone of a Mountain Lake (Ľadové Pleso, the Tatra Mountains, Slovakia). Biologia, Bratislava 2006, 61:203-212.
114. ter Braak C.J.F., Juggins S. Weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS): an improved method for reconstructing environmental variables from species assemblages. Hydrobiologia 1993, 269/270:485-502.
115. ter Braak C.J.F., Šmilauer P. CANOCO Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User's Quite: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (Version 4.5) 2002, Microcomputer Power, New York.
116. Thies H., Nickus U., Mair V., Tessadri R., Tait D., Thaler B., Psenner R. Unexpected response of high alpine lake waters to climate warming. Environmental Science and Technology 2007, 41:7424-7429.
117. Thompson R., Kamenik C., Schmidt R. Ultra-sensitive Alpine lakes and climate change. Journal of Limnology 2005, 64:139-152.
118. Tinner W. Treeline studies. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science 2007, 2374-2384. Elsevier, Amsterdam. S.A. Elias (Ed.).
119. Tinner W., Ammann B. Timberline paleoecology in the Alps. PAGES News 2001, 9/3:9-11.
120. Tinner W., Lotter A.F. Central European vegetation response to abrupt climate change at 8.2 ka. Geology 2001, 29:551-554.
121. Tinner W., Theurillat J.P. Uppermost, limit, extent, and fluctuations of the timberline and tree-line ecotone in the Swiss Central Alps during the past 11500 years. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 2003, 35:169-258.
122. Toivonen H., Huttunen P. Aquatic macrophytes and ecological gradients in 57 small lakes in southern Finland. Aquatic Botany 1995, 51:197-221.
123. Velichko A.A., Andreev A.A., Klimanov V.A. The dynamics of climate and vegetation in the tundra and forest zone during the lateglacial and Holocene. Quaternary International 1997, 41/42:71-96.
124. Velle G., Brooks S.J., Birks H.J.B., Willassen E. Chironomids as a tool for inferring Holocene climate: an assessment based on six sites in southern Scandinavia. Quaternary Science Reviews 2005, 24:1429-1462.
125. Velle G., Brodersen K.P., Birks H.J.B., Willassen E. Midges as quantitative temperature indicator species: lessons for palaeoecology. The Holocene 2010, 20:989-1002.
126. Vinther B.M., Buchardt S.L., Clausen H.B., Dahl-Jensen D., Johnsen S.J., Fisher D.A., Koerner R.M., Raynaud D., Lipenkov V., Andersen K.K., Blunier T., Rasmussen S.O., Steffensen J.P., Svensson A.M. Holocene thinning of the Greenland ice sheet. Nature 2009, 461:385-388.
127. Vogler P. Probleme der Phosphoranalytik in der Limnologie und ein neues Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Orthophosphat neben kondensierten Phosphaten und organischen Phosphorsäureestern. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie 1965, 50:33-48.
128. Vollweiler N., Scholz D., Mühlinghaus C., Mangini A., Spötl C. A precisely dated climate record for the last 9 kyr from three high alpine stalagmites, Spannagel Cave, Austria. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33:L20703. 10.1029/2006GL027662.
129. Volpers M., Neumann D. Tolerance of two tubificid species (Tubifex tubifex and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri) to hypoxic and sulfidic conditions in novel, long-term experiments. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 2005, 164:13-38.
130. von Grafenstein U., Erlenkeuser H., Müller J., Jouzel J., Johnsen S. The cold event 8200 years ago documented in oxygen isotope records of precipitation in Europe and Greenland. Climate Dynamics 1998, 14:73-81.
131. von Gunten L., Heiri O., Bigler C., van Leeuwen J., Casty C., Lotter A.F., Sturm M. Seasonal temperatures for the past 400 years reconstructed from diatom and chironomid assemblages in a high-altitude lake (Lej da la Tscheppa, Switzerland). Journal of Paleolimnology 2008, 39:283-299.
132. Walker I.R. Chironomids as indicators of past environmental change. The Chironomidae: Biology and Ecology of Non-Biting Midges 1995, 405-422. Chapman and Hall, London. P.D. Armitage, P.S. Cranston, L.C.V. Pinder (Eds.).
133. Walker I.R. Midges: Chironomidae and related Diptera. Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments: Zoological Indicators 2001, vol. 4:43-66. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht. J.P. Smol, H.J.B. Birks, W.M. Last (Eds.).
134. Wehrli M., Tinner W., Ammann B. 16,000 years of vegetation and settlement history from Egelsee (Menzingen, Central Switzerland). The Holocene 2007, 17:747-761.
135. Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region, Keys and Diagnoses. Part 1 - Larvae. Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 1983, vol. 19:1-457. T. Wiederholm (Ed.).