Mechanism of rectification in tunneling junctions based on molecules with asymmetric potential drops

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Volumn 132, Issue 51, 2010, Pages 18386-18401

  Nijhuis, Christian A ^a,b   Reus, William F ^a   Whitesides, George M ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AG ELECTRODE; ALKANETHIOLATES; ASYMMETRIC POTENTIAL; BOTTOM ELECTRODES; HEAD GROUPS; RECTIFICATION RATIO; STANDARD DEVIATION; TUNNELING JUNCTIONS;

ELECTRODES; FERMI LEVEL; GALLIUM; LIQUID METALS; MOLECULAR ORBITALS; NORMAL DISTRIBUTION; SELF ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS;

ELECTRIC RECTIFIERS;

ALKANE DERIVATIVE; ALKANETHIOLATE DERIVATIVE; METAL; SELF ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; SILVER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTRODE; ENERGY TRANSFER;

EID: 78650494279     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: 15205126     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja108311j     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Kornilovitch, P. E., Bratkovsky, A. M., and Williams, R. S. Phys. Rev. B 2002, 66, 165436
2. Liu, R., Ke, S.-H., Yang, W., and Baranger, H. U. J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 124 024718
3. Aviram, A. and Ratner, M. A. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1974, 29, 277
4. Metzger, R. M. Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 3803
5. Endres, R. G., Cox, D. L., and Singh, R. R. P. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2004, 76, 195
6. Grätzel, M. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C: Photochem Rev. 2003, 4, 145
7. McCreery, R. L. Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 4477
8. Scott, J. C. and Bozano, L. D. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 1452
9. Adams, D. M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 6668
10. Collier, C. P., Mattersteig, G., Wong, E. W., Luo, Y., Beverly, K., Sampaio, J., Raymo, F. M., Stoddart, J. F., and Heath, J. R. Science 2000, 289, 1172
11. Collier, C. P., Wong, E. W., Belohradsky, M., Raymo, F. M., Stoddart, J. F., Kuekes, P. J., Williams, R. S., and Heath, J. R. Science 1999, 285, 391
12. Chen, J., Reed, M. A., Rawlett, A. M., and Tour, J. M. Science 1999, 286, 1550
13. Ashwell, G. J., Ewinton, J., and Robinson, B. J. Chem. Commun. 2006, 618
14. Kim, T.-W., Wang, G., Lee, H., and Lee, T. Nanotechnology 2007, 18, 315204
15. Bang, G. S., Chang, H., Koo, J.-R., Lee, T., Advincula, R. C., and Lee, H. Small 2008, 4, 1399
16. Fisher, G. L., Walker, A. V., Hooper, A. E., Tighe, T. B., Bahnck, K. B., Skriba, H. T., Reinard, M. D., Haynie, B. C., Opila, R. L., Winograd, N., and Allara, D. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 5528
17. Walker, A. V., Tighe, T. B., Cabarcos, O. M., Reinard, M. D., Haynie, B. C., Uppili, S., Winograd, N., and Allara, D. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 3954
18. Bebee, J. M. and Kushmerick, J. G. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90 083117
19. Lau, C. N., Stewart, D. R., Williams, R. S., and Bockrath, M. Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 569
20. Chabinyc, M. L., Chen, X., Holmlin, R. E., Jacobs, H., Skulason, H., Frisbie, C. D., Mujica, V., Ratner, M. A., Rampi, M. A., and Whitesides, G. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 11730
21. Venkataraman, L., Klare, J. E., Nuckolls, C., Hybertsen, M. S., and Steigerwald, M. L. Nature 2006, 442, 7105
22. Chiechi, R. C., Weiss, E. A., Dickey, M. D., and Whitesides, G. M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 142
23. Nijhuis, C. A., Reus, W. F., and Whitesides, G. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 17814
24. Joachim, C. and Ratner, M. A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102, 8801
25. Weiss, E. A., Chiechi, R. C., Kaufman, G. K., Kriebel, J. K., Li, Z., Duati, M., Rampi, M. A., and Whitesides, G. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 4336
26. Love, J. C., Estroff, L. A., Kriebel, J. K., Nuzzo, R. G., and Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1103
27. Poirier, G. E. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1117
28. Laibinis, P. E., Whitesides, G. M., Allara, D. L., Tao, Y.-T., Parikh, A. N., and Nuzzo, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7152
29. 3/EGaIn in contact with a glass substrate indicate that only ∼25% of the measured junctions' size is in contact with the SAM.
30. McCreery, R., Dieringer, J., Solak, A. O., Snyder, B., Nowak, A. M., McGovern, W. R., and DuVall, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 10748
31. Metzger, R. M. Acc. Chem. Res. 1999, 32, 950
32. Nijhuis, C. A., Reus, W. F., Barber, J. R., Dickey, M. D., and Whiteseides, G. M. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3611
33. The model does not account for a change in the mechanism of charge transport. Molecular orbitals that are energetically accessible may enable hopping.
34. Larade, B. and Bratkovsky, M. A. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 235305
35. Armstrong, N., Hoft, R. C., McDonagh, A., Cortie, M. B., and Ford, M. J. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 3018
36. Stadler, R., Geskin, V., and Cornil, J. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 2008, 20, 374105
37. Lenfant, S., Krzeminski, C., Delerue, C., Allan, G., and Vuillaume, D. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 741
38. Metzger, R. M., Chen, B., Höpfner, U., Lakshmikantham, M. V., Vuillaume, D., Kawai, T., Wu, X., Tachibana, H., Hughes, T. V., Sakurai, H., Baldwin, J. W., Hosch, C., Cava, M. P., Brehmer, L., and Ashwell, G. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10455
39. Metzger, R. M., Xu, T., and Peterson, I. R. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 7280
40. Metzger, R. M., Tao, Xu., and Peterson, I. R. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 7280
41. Galperin, M., Nitzan, A., Sek, S., and Majda, M. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2003, 550, 337
42. Lenfant, S., Krzeminski, C., Delerue, C., Allan, G., and Vuillaume, D. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 741
43. Peterson, I. R., Vuillaume, D., and Metzger, R. M. J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 4702
44. Shumate, W. J., Mattern, D. L., Jaiswal, A., Dixon, D. A., White, T. R., Burgess, J., Honciuc, A., and Metzger, R. M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 11146
45. Metzger, R. M. J. Mater. Chem. 1999, 9, 2027
46. Stokbro, K., Taylor, J., and Brandbyge, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 3674
47. Ng, M.-K., Lee, D.-C., and Yu, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 11862
48. Ashwell, G. J., Urasinska, B., and Tyrrell, W. D. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2006, 8, 3314
49. Müller-Meskamp, L., Karthäuser, S., Zandvliet, H. J. W., Homberger, M., Simon, U., and Waser, R. Small 2009, 5, 496
50. McCreery, R. L. and Kalakodimi, R. P. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2006, 8, 2572
51. Regan, M. J., Tostmann, H., Pershan, P. S., Magnussen, O. M., DiMasi, E., Ocko, B. M., and Deutsch, M. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 1997, 55, 10786
52. Dickey, M. D., Chiechi, R. C., Larson, R. J., Weiss, E. A., Weitz, D. A., and Whitesides, G. M. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18, 1097
53. York, R. L., Nguyen, P. T., and Slowinski, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 5948
54. Rampi, M. A. and Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Phys. 2002, 281, 373
55. Reus, W. F., Nijhuis, C. A., Barber, J., Mwangi, M., Cademartiri, L., Kim, C., York, R. L., Liu, X., and Whitesides, G. M. Unpublished results.
56. Lorenz, M. R., Woods, J. F., and Gambino, R. J. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1967, 28, 403
57. Cademartiri, L., Mwangi, M. T., Nijhuis, C. A., Barber, J., Sodhi, R. N. S., Brodersen, P., Kim, C., Reus, W. F., and Whitesides, G. M. Unpublished results.
58. Barr, T. L. and Seal, S. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1995, 13, 1239
59. Chidsey, C. E. D. Science 1991, 251, 919
60. Yamada, M. and Nishihara, H. Langmuir 2003, 19, 8050
61. Nishihara, H. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2001, 74, 19
62. Rowe, G. K. and Creager, S. E. Langmuir 1994, 10, 1186
63. Dong, T.-Y., Chang, L.-S., Tseng, I.-M., and Huang, S.-J. Langmuir 2004, 20, 4471
64. Creager, S. E. and Rowe, G. K. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1994, 370, 203
65. Rowe, G. K. and Creager, S. E. Langmuir 1991, 7, 2307
66. Bard, A. J. and Faulkner, L. R. Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 2001.
67. Collard, D. M. and Fox, M. A. Langmuir 1991, 7, 1192
68. Kitagawa, K., Morita, T., and Kimura, S. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 13906
69. Tivanski, A. V. and Walker, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 7647
70. 3 layer or dipole-dipole interactions.
71. Passlack, M., Hunt, N. E. J., Schubert, E. F., Zydzik, G. J., Hong, M., Mannaerts, J. P., Opila, R. L., and Fischer, R. J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1994, 64, 2715
72. Rampi, M. A., Schueller, O. J. A., and Whitesides, G. M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 72, 1781
73. Lide, D. R. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics; CRC Press, Inc.: Boca Raton, FL, 1996.
74. de Boer, B., Hadipour, A., Mandoc, M. M., van Woudenbergh, T., and Blom, P. W. M. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 621
75. Rangger, G. M., Romaner, L., Heimel, G., and Zojer, E. Surf. Interface Anal. 2008, 40, 371
76. Watcharinyanon, S., Moons, E., and Johansson, L. S. O. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 1972
77. Li, C.-P., Wei, K.-H., and Huang, J. Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 1449
78. Salomon, A., Cahen, D., Lindsay, S., Tomfohr, J., Engelkes, V. B., and Frisbie, C. D. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 1881