Transport of Nordic Seas overflow water into and within the Irminger Sea: An eddy-resolving simulation and observations

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 115, Issue 12, 2010, Pages

  Xu, X ^a   Schmitz Jr , W J ^b   Hurlburt, H E ^c   Hogan, P J ^c   Chassignet, E P ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI   (United States)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY CORPUS CHRISTI   (United States)

^c NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^d FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION;

EDDY-RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; FRACTURE ZONE; HYBRID COORDINATE OCEAN MODELS; ICELANDS; KEY LOCATION; MID ATLANTIC RIDGE; MODEL RESULTS; MODEL-BASED; NORDIC SEAS; NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN; SCOTLAND; VOLUME TRANSPORT; WESTERN SIDE; WESTWARD FLOW;

RIVERS;

COMPARATIVE STUDY; DATABASE; EDDY COVARIANCE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; VOLUME TRANSPORT; WATER EXCHANGE; WATER MASS;

ARCTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN; IRMINGER SEA; NORWEGIAN SEA; REYKJANES RIDGE;

EID: 78650454820     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006351     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Bacon, S. (1997), Circulation and fluxes in the North Atlantic between Greenland and Ireland, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1420-1435.
2. Bacon, S. (1998), Decadal variability in the outflow from the Nordic Seas to the deep Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 394, 871-874.
3. Bacon, S., and P. M. Saunders (2010), The deep western boundary current at Cape Farewell: Results from a moored current meter array, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 815-829, doi:10.1175/2009JPO4091.1.
4. Bianchi, G. G., and I. N. McCave (2000), Hydrography and sedimentation under the deep western boundary current on Björn and Gardar Drifts, Iceland basin, Mar. Geol., 165, 137-169.
5. Bleck, R. (2002), An oceanic general circulation model framed in hybrid isopycnic-Cartesian coordinates, Ocean Modell., 37, 55-88.
6. Carnes, M. R. (2009), Description and evaluation of GDEM-V 3.0, Tech. Rep. 724/NRL/MR/7300-09-9165, Nav. Res. Lab., Washington, D. C. (Available at http://www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/pubs/pubs.php.)
7. Chang, Y., Z. D. Garraffo, H. Peters, and T. Özgökmen (2009), Pathways of Nordic overflows from climate model scale and eddy resolving simulations, Ocean Modell., 29, 66-84.
8. Chassignet, E. P., L. T. Smith, G. R. Halliwell, and R. Bleck (2003), North Atlantic simulations with the hybrid coordinate ocean model (HYCOM): Impact of the vertical coordinate choice, reference pressure, and thermobaricity, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 2504-2526.
9. Clarke, R. A. (1984), Transport through the Cape Farewell-Flemish Cap section, Rapp. P. V. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 185, 120-130.
10. Dickson, R. R., and J. Brown (1994), The production of North Atlantic Deep Water: Source, rates, and pathways, J. Geophys. Res., 99(C6), 12,319-12,341, doi:10.1029/94JC00530.
11. Dickson, R. R., et al. (2008), The overflow flux west of Iceland: Variability, origins and forcing, in Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes: Defining the Role of the Northern Seas in Climate, edited by R. R.Dickson, J.Meincke, and P. Rhines, pp. 443-474, Springer, New York.
12. Faure, V., and K. Speer (2005), Labrador Sea water circulation in the northern North Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Res. Part II, 52, 565-581.
13. Fischer, J., F. A. Schott, and M. Dengler (2004), Boundary circulation at the exit of the Labrador Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1548-1570.
14. Fleischmann, U., and M. Rhein (2000), The contribution of Iceland-Scotland overflow water to the formation of North East Atlantic deep water in the Iceland Basin and the West European Basin, Int.WOCENewsl., 38, 20-26.
15. Fleischmann, U., H. Hildebrandt, A. Putzka, and R. Bayer (2001), Transport of newly ventilated deep water from the Iceland Basin to the West European Basin, Deep Sea Res. Part I, 48, 1793-1819.
16. Girton, J. B., T. B. Sanford, and R. H. Käse (2001), Synoptic sections of the Denmark Strait Overflow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(8), 1619-1622, doi:10.1029/2000GL011970. (Pubitemid 32575993)
17. Griffies, S. M., C. Böning, F. O. Bryan, E. P. Chassignet, R. Gerdes, H. Hasumi, A. Hirst, A.-M. Treguier, and D. Webb (2000), Developments in ocean climate modelling, Ocean Modell., 2, 123-192.
18. Griffies, S. M., et al. (2009), Coordinated ocean-ice reference experiments (COREs), Ocean Modell., 26, 1-46.
19. Hansen, B., and S. Østerhus (2000), North Atlantic-Nordic seas exchanges, Prog. Oceanogr., 45, 109-208.
20. Hansen, B., and S. Østerhus (2007), Faroe Bank Channel overflow1995-2005, Prog. Oceanogr., 75, 817-856.
21. Hansen, B., S. Østerhus, W. R. Turrell, S. Jønsson, H. Valdimarsson, H. Hátún, and S. M. Olsen (2008), The inflow of Atlantic water, heat, and salt to the Nordic Seas across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, in Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes: Defining the Role of the Northern Seas in Climate, edited by R. R. Dickson, J. Meincke, and P. Rhines, pp. 15-43, Springer, New York.
22. Holliday, N. P., S. Bacon, J. Allen, and E. L. McDonagh (2009), Circulation and transport in the Western Boundary Currents at Cape Farewell, Greenland, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39, 1854-1870.
23. Kara, A. B., H. E. Hurlburt, and A. J. Wallcraft (2005), Stability-dependent exchange coefficients for air-sea fluxes, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 1080-1094.
24. Käse, R. H., J. B. Girton, and T. B. Sanford (2003), Structure and variability of the Denmark Strait overflow: Model and observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C6), 3181, doi:10.1029/2002JC001548.
25. Kieke, D., and M. Rhein (2006), Variability of the overflow water transport in the western subpolar North Atlantic, 1950-97, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 435-456, doi:10.1175/JPO2847.1. (Pubitemid 43675981)
26. Large, W. G., J. C. McWilliams, and S. C. Doney (1994), Ocean vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization, Rev. Geophys., 32(4), 363-403.
27. Lavender, K. L., R. E. Davis, and W. B. Owens (2000), Mid-depth recirculation observed in the interior Labrador and Irminger Seas by direct velocity measurements, Nature, 407, 66-69.
28. Lavender, K. L., W. B. Owens, and R. E. Davis (2005), The middepth recirculation of the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean as measured by subsurface floats, Deep Sea Res. Part I, 52, 767-785.
29. Legg, S., et al. (2009), Improving oceanic overflow representation in climate models: The Gravity Current Entrainment Climate Process Team, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90, 657-670, doi:10.1175/2008BAMS2667.1.
30. Lherminier, P., H. Mercier, C. Gourcuff, M. Àlvarez, S. Bacon, and C. Kermabon (2007), Transports across the 2002 Greenland-Portugal Ovide section and comparison with 1997, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C07003, doi:10.1029/ 2006JC003716. (Pubitemid 47408402)
31. Livingston, H. D., J. H. Swift, and H. G. Ostlund (1985), Artificial radiouclide tracer supply to the Denmark Strait Overflow between 1972 and 1981, J. Geophys. Res., 90(C4), 6971-6982, doi:10.1029/JC090iC04p06971.
32. Macrander, A., U. Send, H. Valdimarsson, S. Jonsson, and R. H. Käse (2005), Interannual changes in the overflow from the Nordic Seas into the Atlantic Ocean through Denmark Strait, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L06606, doi:10.1029/2004GL021463. (Pubitemid 40771667)
33. Mauritzen, C. (1996a), Production of dense overflow waters feeding the North Atlantic across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge: Part 1. Evidence for a revised circulation scheme, Deep Sea Res. Part I, 43, 769-806.
34. Mauritzen, C. (1996b), Production of dense overflow waters feeding the North Atlantic across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge: Part 2. An inverse model, Deep Sea Res. Part I, 43, 807-835.
35. McCartney, M. S. (1992), Recirculating components to the deep boundary current of the northern North Atlantic, Prog. Oceanogr., 29, 283-383.
36. McCartney, M. S., and C. Mauritzen (2001), On the origin of the warm inflow to the Nordic Seas, Prog. Oceanogr., 51, 125-214.
37. Østerhus, S., T. Sherwin, D. Quadfasel, and B. Hansen (2008), The overflow transport east of Iceland, in Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes: Defining the Role of the Northern Seas in Climate, edited by R. R. Dickson, J. Meincke, and P. Rhines, pp. 443-474, Springer, New York.
38. Riemenschneider, U., and S. Legg (2007), Regional simulations of the Faroe Bank Channel overflow in a level model, Ocean Modell., 17, 93-122. (Pubitemid 46381575)
39. Ross, C. K. (1984), Temperature-salinity characteristics of the overflow water in Denmark Strait during OVERFLOW 73', Rapp. P. V. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, 185, 111-119.
40. Rudels, B., P. Eriksson, H. Grönvall, R. Hietala, and J. Launiainen (1999), Hydrographic observations in Denmark Strait in fall 1997, and their implications for the entrainment into the overflow plume, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(9), 1325-1328, doi:10.1029/1999GL900212. (Pubitemid 29437807)
41. Sarafanov, A., A. Falina, H. Mercier, P. Lherminier, and A. Sokov (2009), Recent changes in the Greenland-Scotland overflow derived water transport inferred from hydrographic observations in the southern Irminger Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13606, doi:10.1029/2009GL038385.
42. Saunders, P. M. (1994), The flux of overflow water through the Charlie- Gibbs fracture zone, J. Geophys. Res., 99(C6), 12,343-12, 355, doi:10.1029/94JC00527.
43. Saunders, P. M. (1996), The flux of dense cold water overflow southeast of Iceland, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 85-95.
44. Saunders, P. M. (2001), The dense northern overflows, in Ocean Circulation and Climate, edited by G. Siedler, J. Church, and J. Gould, 401-417, Academic, New York.
45. Schott, F., L. Stramma, and J. Fischer (1999), Interaction of the North Atlantic current with deep Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone throughflow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(3), 364-372, doi:10.1029/1998GL900223. (Pubitemid 29321822)
46. Schott, F., L. Stramma, R. Zantopp, M. Dengler, J. Fischer, and M. Wibaux (2004), Circulation and deep water export at the western exit of the subpolar North Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 817-843. (Pubitemid 38672867)
47. Shi, X., L. P. Roed, and B. Hackett (2001), Variability of the Denmark Strait overflow: A numerical study, J. Geophys. Res., 106(C10), 22,277-22,294, doi:10.1029/2000JC000642.
48. Shor, A., P. Lonsdale, C. D. Hollister, and D. Spencer (1980), Charlie- Gibbs fracture zone: Bottom-water transport and its geological effects, Deep Sea Res. Part A, 27, 325-345.
49. Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell (1997), Global seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, 277, 1957-1962.
50. Uppala, S. M., et al. (2005), The ERA-40 re-analysis, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 2961-3012, doi:10.1256/qj.04.176. (Pubitemid 43186171)
51. van Aken, H. M., and G. Becker (1996), Hydrography and throughflow in the north-eastern North Atlantic Ocean: The NASEN project, Progr. Oceanogr., 38, 297-346.
52. van Aken, H. M., and C. J. de Boer (1995), On the synoptic hydrography of intermediate and deep water masses in the Iceland Basin, Deep Sea Res. Part I, 42, 165-189.
53. Vogt, P. R., and G. L. Johnson (1973), A longitudinal seismic reflection profile of the Reykjanes Ridge: Part 1. Evidence for west-flowing bottom water, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 18, 45-48.
54. Willebrand, J., B. Barnier, C. Böning, C. Dieterich, P. D. Killworth, C. L. Provost, Y. Jia, J.Molines, and A. L.New (2001), Circulation characteristics in three eddy-permitting models of the North Atlantic, Prog. Oceanogr., 48, 123-161.
55. Worthington, L. V., and W. R. Wright (1970), North Atlantic Ocean Atlas of Potential Temperature and Salinity in the Deep Water Including Temperature, Salinity and Oxygen Profiles From the Erika Dan Cruise of 1962, vol. II, Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass.