메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-12

Terrorists: A distinct species

Author keywords

Civilians; Laws of war; National security; Soldiers; Terrorism

Indexed keywords


EID: 78650454020     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: 15561836     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546553.2010.515438     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 85167054583 scopus 로고
    • Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479
    • Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965).
    • (1965)
    • Griswold1
  • 2
    • 85167062668 scopus 로고
    • California, 274 U.S. 357
    • Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357 (1927).
    • (1927)
    • Whitney1
  • 4
    • 78650442838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York Times, July 29, (accessed April 23, 2010)
    • Samantha Power, "Our War on Terror," New York Times, July 29, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/29/books/review/Power-t.html?_r=1 (accessed April 23, 2010).
    • (2007) Our War on Terror
    • Power, S.1
  • 5
    • 78650496999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The New York Times, August 8, (accessed April 23, 2010)
    • Wesley K. Clark and Kal Raustiala, "Why Terrorists Aren't Soldiers," The New York Times, August 8, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/08/opinion/08clark.html (accessed April 23, 2010).
    • (2007) Why Terrorists Aren't Soldiers
    • Clark, K.W.1    Raustiala, K.2
  • 6
    • 85167038373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TheNew York Times, July 22, late edition, sec. 6. 7
    • David Rieff, "Policing Terrorism," TheNew York Times, July 22, 2007, late edition, sec. 6. 7.
    • (2007) Policing Terrorism
    • Rieff, D.1
  • 8
    • 85167068092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Improving Detainee Policy: Handling Terrorism Detainees within the American Justice System, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., 2008, testimony of Benjamin Wittes.
  • 9
    • 85167030526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • This basic definition is derived from that which is common to most definitions, as there is no accepted single definition of terrorism or terrorists. Bruce Hoffman defines terrorism briefly as "the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence or threat of violence in the pursuit of political change"
  • 10
    • 0004095933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Columbia University Press
    • Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism [New York: Columbia University Press, 1998], 43
    • (1998) Inside Terrorism , pp. 43
    • Hoffman, B.1
  • 11
    • 85167034607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • Tamar Meisels defines it as "the intentional random murder of defenseless non-combatants, with the intent of instilling fear of mortal danger amidst a civilian population as a strategy designed to advance political ends"
  • 12
    • 33745852264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Trouble with Terror: The Apologetics of Terrorism-a Refutation
    • Tamar Meisels, "The Trouble with Terror: The Apologetics of Terrorism-a Refutation," Terrorism and Political Violence, 18, no. 3 [2006]: 480
    • (2006) Terrorism and Political Violence , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 480
    • Meisels, T.1
  • 13
    • 85166994796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • Boaz Ganor defines it more simply as "the deliberate use of violence aimed against civilians in order to achieve political ends"
  • 14
    • 78650447226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Relationship Between International and Localized Terrorism
    • Boaz Ganor, "The Relationship Between International and Localized Terrorism," Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs Jerusalem Issue Brief, 4:26 [2005], http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief004-26.htm
    • (2005) Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs Jerusalem Issue Brief , vol.4 , pp. 26
    • Ganor, B.1
  • 15
    • 85167009243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • Title 18, Section 2331 of the U.S. Code defines international terrorism as activities that "involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of criminal laws. appear to be intended-(i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States".
  • 17
    • 33745956191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, Herzlia, Israel, Sept. 24
    • Boaz Ganor, "Defining Terrorism: Is One Man's Terrorist Another Man's Freedom Fighter?" International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, Herzlia, Israel, Sept. 24, 1998, http://www.ict.org.il/ResearchPublications/tabid/64/Articlsid/432/currentpage/1/Default.aspx
    • (1998) Defining Terrorism: Is One Man's Terrorist Another Man's Freedom Fighter?
    • Ganor, B.1
  • 18
    • 12144291585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Terrorism and the World-System
    • Albert J. Bergesen and Omar Lizardo, "International Terrorism and the World-System," Sociological Theory 22 (2004): 50.
    • (2004) Sociological Theory , vol.22 , pp. 50
    • Bergesen, A.J.1    Lizardo, O.2
  • 19
    • 77958455986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Defense, (April)
    • Department of Defense, Nuclear Posture Review Report (April 2010), 10, http://www.defense.gov/npr/docs/2010%20Nuclear%20Posture%20Review%20Report.pdf.
    • (2010) Nuclear Posture Review Report , pp. 10
  • 20
    • 85167017816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newsweek, April 26, Joint Working Group of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Nuclear Forensics Role, State of the Art, Program Needs (2008)
    • Sharon Begley, "Deterring a 'Dirty Bomb,"' Newsweek, April 26, 2010; Joint Working Group of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Nuclear Forensics Role, State of the Art, Program Needs (2008), 23, http://www.aps.org/policy/reports/upload/Nuclear-Forensics-Report-FINAL.pdf.
    • (2010) Deterring a 'Dirty Bomb , pp. 23
    • Begley, S.1
  • 21
    • 78650423632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unmanned Aircraft Systems: The Moral and Legal Case
    • For more see
    • For more see Amitai Etzioni, "Unmanned Aircraft Systems: The Moral and Legal Case," Joint Force Quarterly 57, no. 2 (2010): 66-71.
    • (2010) Joint Force Quarterly , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 66-71
    • Etzioni, A.1
  • 25
    • 78650444610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administrative Detention of Terrorists: Why Detain, and Detain Whom?
    • Matthew Waxman, "Administrative Detention of Terrorists: Why Detain, and Detain Whom?" Journal of National Security Law and Policy 3 (2009): 12-13.
    • (2009) Journal of National Security Law and Policy , vol.3 , pp. 12-13
    • Waxman, M.1
  • 26
    • 2442475252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combatants or Criminals? How Washington Should Handle Terrorists
    • May/June
    • Ruth Wedgwood and Kenneth Roth, "Combatants or Criminals? How Washington Should Handle Terrorists," Foreign Affairs, May/June 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/59902/ruth-wedgwood-kenneth-roth/combatants-or-criminals-how-washingtonshould-handle-terrorists.
    • (2004) Foreign Affairs
    • Wedgwood, R.1    Roth, K.2
  • 27
    • 32944461887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ending the War on Terrorism One Terrorist at a Time: A Noncriminal Detention Model for Holding and Releasing Guantanamo Bay Detainees
    • Tung Yin, "Ending the War on Terrorism One Terrorist at a Time: A Noncriminal Detention Model for Holding and Releasing Guantanamo Bay Detainees," Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 29 (2005): 155.
    • (2005) Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy , vol.29 , pp. 155
    • Yin, T.1
  • 31
    • 42449103109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrorism and the Convergence of Criminal and Military Detention Models
    • Robert Chesney and Jack Goldsmith, "Terrorism and the Convergence of Criminal and Military Detention Models," Stanford Law Review 60 (2008): 1081.
    • (2008) Stanford Law Review , vol.60 , pp. 1081
    • Chesney, R.1    Goldsmith, J.2
  • 33
    • 32944461887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ending the War on Terrorism One Terrorist at a Time: A Noncriminal Detention Model for Holding and Releasing Guantanamo Bay Detainees
    • (see note 18 above)
    • Yin (see note 18 above).
    • (2005) Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy , vol.29
    • Yin, T.1
  • 36
    • 78650428930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quirin to Hamdan: Creating a Hybrid Paradigm for the Detention of Terrorists
    • Amos N. Guiora, "Quirin to Hamdan: Creating a Hybrid Paradigm for the Detention of Terrorists," Florida Journal of International Law 19 (2007): 529.
    • (2007) Florida Journal of International Law , vol.19 , pp. 529
    • Guiora, A.N.1
  • 37
    • 85167046636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • One may ask why I hold that this third approach is very unpopular despite the fact that both books received rave reviews, as did my much more limited attempt to deal with this issue in The Financial Times on 22 August 2007. I reached this conclusion by noting that despite the warm welcome to these texts, so far they have been almost completely ignored by policy makers, most legal scholars, and most assuredly by advocates of human and individual rights.
  • 38
    • 85167024971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • It remains to be worked out what should be considered torture. It can be defined so broadly that it would block most interrogation techniques-for instance, if it encompasses a ban on humiliating the detainees and it leaves up to them to define what is humiliating-or so narrowly that waterboarding and many other cruel measures would be allowed as long as they do not lead to organ failure. It goes without saying that the suggested guidelines' use would be much hampered unless the definition is worked out, presumably somewhere in between these two extremes.
  • 41
    • 85167062642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrorism Act 2006, c. 11, x25 (U.K.)
    • Terrorism Act 2006, 2006, c. 11, x25 (U.K.).
    • (2006)
  • 42
    • 85167005241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For such a discussion see Matthew Waxman's article in the Journal of National Security Law and Policy
    • For such a discussion see Matthew Waxman's article in the Journal of National Security Law and Policy, "Administrative Detention of Terrorists: Why Detain, and Detain Whom?"
    • Administrative Detention of Terrorists: Why Detain, and Detain Whom?
  • 44
    • 53449101698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (New York: The Penguin Press
    • Benjamin Wittes, Law and the Long War (New York: The Penguin Press, 2008), 11-16.
    • (2008) Law and The Long War , pp. 11-16
    • Wittes, B.1
  • 48
    • 85167057076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note
    • Nor can they be tried as soldiers, as much of the evidence is not admissible in military commissions either. On May 15, 2009, President Obama announced his intentions to continue to use military commissions to try suspected terrorists, among other venues. According to his announcement, these commissions will be different from the Bush Administration Commissions. The outline of changes he provided, however, was vague: First, statements that have been obtained from detainees using cruel, inhuman and degrading interrogation methods will no longer be admitted as evidence at trial. Second, the use of hearsay will be limited, so that the burden will no longer be on the party who objects to hearsay to disprove its reliability. Third, the accused will have greater latitude in selecting their counsel. Fourth, basic protections will be provided for those who refuse to testify. And fifth, military commission judges may establish the jurisdiction of their own courts. Office of the Press Secretary, The White House, Statement of President Barack Obama on Military Commissions, May 15, 2009, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Statement-of-President-Barack-Obama-on-Military-Commissions/ (accessed April 23, 2010).
    • (2009)
  • 49
    • 85167050945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For more discussion, see Amitai Etzioni's How Patriotic is the Patriot Act? (Routledge)
    • For more discussion, see Amitai Etzioni's How Patriotic is the Patriot Act? (Routledge, 2004).
    • (2004)
  • 50
    • 78650423632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unmanned Aircraft Systems: The Moral and Legal Case
    • For more see
    • For more see Amitai Etzioni, "Unmanned Aircraft Systems: The Moral and Legal Case," Joint Force Quarterly 57, no. 2 (2010): 66-71.
    • (2010) Joint Force Quarterly , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 66-71
    • Etzioni, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.