Deformation band formation and strength evolution in unlithified sand: The role of grain breakage

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 115, Issue 12, 2010, Pages

  Kaproth, Bryan M ^a   Cashman, Susan M ^b   Marone, Chris ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b HUMBOLDT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE FAULT; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; FOOTWALL; FRICTION; GRAIN SIZE; LABORATORY METHOD; LITHIFICATION; MARINE SEDIMENT; NEARSHORE ENVIRONMENT; PARENT MATERIAL; PARTICLE SIZE; QUATERNARY; SAND; SHEAR STRAIN; STRENGTH; STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP; WEATHERING PROFILE;

CALIFORNIA; HUMBOLDT COUNTY [CALIFORNIA]; UNITED STATES;

EID: 78650448477     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JB007406     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Anthony, J. L., and C. Marone (2005), Influence of particle characteristics on granular friction, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B08409, doi:10.1029/2004JB003399. (Pubitemid 41461600)
2. Antonellini, M. A., A. Aydin, and D. D. Pollard (1994), Microstructure of deformation bands in porous sandstones at Arches National Park, Utah, J. Struct. Geol., 16(7), 941-959.
3. Aydin, A. (1978), Small faults formed as deformation bands, Pure Appl. Geophys., 116, 913-930.
4. Aydin, A. (2000), Fractures, faults, and hydrocarbon entrapment, migration and flow, Mar. Pet. Geol., 17, 797-814.
5. Aydin, A., R. I. Borja, and P. Eichhubl (2006), Geological and mathematical framework for failure modes in granular rock, J. Struct. Geol., 28, 83-98.
6. Berger, G. W. (1992), Thermoluminescence dating of coastal sediments near Eureka, in Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip Guidebook, Pac. Cell.
7. Bonn, D., and M. M. Denn (2009), Yield stress fluids slowly yield to analysis, Science, 324, 1401-1402, doi:10.1126/science.1174217.
8. Borja, R. I. (2004), Computational modeling of deformation bands in granular media: II. Numerical simulations, Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 193, 2699-2718.
9. Borja, R. I., and A. Aydin (2004), Computational modeling of deformation bands in granular media. I. Geological and mathematical framework, Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 193, 2667-2698.
10. Carver, G. A., and R. M. Burke (1992), Late Cenozoic deformation on the Cascadia subduction zone in the region of the Mendocino Triple Junction, Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip Guidebook, Pac. Cell.
11. Cashman, S. M., and K. V. Cashman (2000), Cataclasis and deformationband formation in unconsolidated marine terrace sand, Humboldt Country, California, Geology, 28(2), 111-114.
12. Cashman, S. M., J. M. Baldwin, K. V. Cashman, K. Swanson, and R. Crawford (2007), Microstructures developed by coseismic and aseismic faulting in near-surface sediments, San Andreas fault, California, Geology, 35(7), 611-614.
13. Clarke, S. H., and G. A. Carver (1992), Late Holocene tectonics and paleoseismicity, southern Cascadia subduction zone, Science, 255, 188-192.
14. Cresswell, A. W., and M. E. Barton (2002), Direct shear tests of an uncemented, and a very slightly cemented, locked sand, Q. J. Eng. Geol., 36, 119-132.
15. Du Bernard, X., P. Eichubl, and A. Aydin (2002), Dilation bands: A new form of localized failure in granular media, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(24), 2176, doi:10.1029/2002GL015966.
16. Feda, J. (1982), Mechanics of Particulate Materials, Dev. Geotech. Eng., vol. 30, Elsevier, New York.
17. Feda, J. (2002), Notes on the effect of grain crushing on the granular soil behaviour, Eng. Geol., 63, 93-98.
18. Folk, R. L., and W. C. Ward (1957), Brazos river bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters, J. Sediment. Res., 27, 3-26.
19. Fossen, H., R. A. Schultz, Z. K. Shipton, and K. Mair (2007), Deformation bands in sandstone: A review, J. Geol. Soc., 164, 755-769.
20. Guo, Y., and J. K. Morgan (2006), The frictional and micromechanical effects of grain comminution in fault gouge from distinct element simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B12406, doi:10.1029/2005JB004049. (Pubitemid 47260160)
21. Harvey, E. (1994), Late Pleistocene sediments and fossils near the mouth of Mad River, Humboldt County, California: Facies analysis, sequence development, and possible age correlation, unpublished, M.S. thesis, 66 pp., Hum. St. Univ., Arcata, Calif.
22. Knudsen, F. P. (1959), Dependence of mechanical strength of brittle polycrystaline specimens on porosity and grain size, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 42 (8), 376-387.
23. Lambe, T. W., and R. V. Whitman (1969), Soil Mechanics, pp. 33-39, John Wiley, New York.
24. Lobo-Guerrero, S., and L. E. Vallejo (2005), Analysis of crushing of granular material under isotropic and biaxial stress conditions, Soils Found., 45(4), 79-87.
25. Lothe, A. E., R. H. Gabrielsen, N. Bjørnevoll Hagen, and B. T. Larsen (2002), An experimental study of the texture of deformation bands: Effects on the porosity and permeability of sandstones, Petrol. Geosci., 8, 195-207.
26. Mair, K., I. Main, and S. Elphick (2000), Sequential growth of deformation bands in the laboratory, J. Struct. Geol., 22, 25-42.
27. Mair, K., K. Frye, and C. Marone (2002), Influence of grain characteristics on the friction of granular shear zones, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B10), 2219, doi:10.1029/2001JB000516.
28. Marone, C. (1995), Fault zone strength and failure criteria, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(6), 723-726, doi:10.1029/95GL00268. (Pubitemid 26464600)
29. Marone, C. (1998), Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 26, 643-696.
30. Marone, C., B. M. Carpenter, and P. Schiffer (2008), Transition from rolling to jamming in thin granular layers, Phys. Rev. Lett., 101(24), 8001, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.248001.
31. Miura, N., and T. Yamanouchi (1975), Effect of water on the behavior of a quartz-rich sand under high stress, Soils Found., 15(4), 23-34.
32. Parnell, J., G. R. Watt, D. Middleton, J. Kelly, and M. Baron (2004), Deformation band control on hydrocarbon migration, J. Sediment. Res., 74(4), 552-560.
33. Perez, E., B. M. Kaproth, S. H. Haines, and D. Saffer (2010), laboratory measurements of permeability reduction in naturally occurring shear bands formed in unlithified sands, Geol. Soc. Am Abstr. Programs, 42 (4), Abstract 172868.
34. Petch, N. J. (1953), The cleavage strength of polycrystals, J. Iron Steel Inst., 174, 25-28.
35. Rathbun, A. R., C. Marone, R. B. Alley, and S. Anandakrishnan (2008), Laboratory study of the frictional rheology of sheared till, J. Geophys. Res., 113, F02020, doi:10.1029/2007JF000815.
36. Rawling, G. C., and L. B. Goodwin (2003), Cataclasis and particulate flow in faulted, poorly lithified sediments, J. Struct. Geol., 25, 317-331.
37. Sammis, C. G., and Y. Ben-Zion (2008), Mechanics of grain-size reduction in faults, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B02306, doi:10.1029/2006JB004892.
38. Sammis, C. G., G. King, and R. Biegel (1987), The kinematics of gouge deformation, Pure Appl. Geophys., 125(5), 777-812.
39. Savage, H. M., and C. Marone (2007), Effects of shear velocity oscillations on stick-slip behavior in laboratory experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B02301, doi:10.1029/2005JB004238. (Pubitemid 46993077)
40. Schultz, R. A., and C. M. Balasko (2003), Growth of deformation bands into echelon and ladder geometries, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(20), 2033, doi:10.1029/2003GL018449.
41. Scott, D. R., C. Marone, and C. G. Sammis (1994), The apparent friction of granular fault gouge in sheared layers, J. Geophys. Res., 99(B4), 7231-7246, doi:10.1029/93JB03361. (Pubitemid 24426960)
42. Wen, B. P., and A. Aydin (2004), Deformation history of a landslide slip zone in light of soil microstructure, Environ. Eng. Geosci., 10 (2), 123-149.
43. Wong, T.-F., H. Szeto, and J. Zhang (1992), Effect of loading parth and porosity on the failure mode of porous rocks, Appl. Mech. Rev., 45, 281-293, doi:10.1115/1.3119759.
44. Wong, T.-F., C. David, and B. Menéndez (2004), Mechanical compaction, in Mechanics of Fluid Saturated Rocks, edited by Y. Guéguen, and M. Boutéca, pp. 55-114, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
45. Zhu, W., and T.-F. Wong (1997), The transition from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow: Permeability evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 102(B2), 3027-3041, doi:10.1029/96JB03282.
46. Zhu, W. L., L. G. J. Montesti, and T. F. Wong (1997), Shear-enhanced compaction and permeability reduction: Triaxial extension tests on porous sandstone, Mech. Mater., 25(3), 199-214.