Diversity of single small subcortical infarctions according to infarct location and parent artery disease: Analysis of indicators for small vessel disease and atherosclerosis

Stroke

Volumn 41, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 2822-2827

  Nah, Hyun Wook ^a   Kang, Dong Wha ^a   Kwon, Sun U ^a   Kim, Jong S ^a  

^a University of Ulsan   (South Korea)

Author keywords

lacunar infarction; leukoaraiosis; microbleeds

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BASILAR ARTERY; BRAIN ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN INFARCTION; CEREBRAL ARTERY DISEASE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; FEMALE; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LEUKOARAIOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STROKE; VERTEBRAL ARTERY;

AGED; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BASILAR ARTERY; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL ARTERIAL DISEASES; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; CORONARY DISEASE; DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; INFARCTION, MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; LEUKOARAIOSIS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; STROKE; VERTEBRAL ARTERY;

EID: 78650417768     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.599464     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Fisher CM. Lacunes: small, deep cerebral infarcts. Neurology. 1998;50: 841-841.
2. Fisher CM. The arterial lesions underlying lacunes. Acta Neuropathol. 1968;12:1-15.
3. Caplan LR. Intracranial branch atheromatous disease: a neglected, understudied, and underused concept. Neurology. 1989;39:1246-1250.
4. Fisher CM, Curry HB. Pure motor hemiplegia of vascular origin. Arch Neurol. 1965;13:30-44.
5. Lhermitte F, Gautier JC, Derouesne C. Nature of occlusions of the middle cerebral artery. Neurology. 1970;20:82-88.
6. Fisher CM, Caplan LR. Basilar artery branch occlusion: a cause of pontine infarction. Neurology. 1971;21:900-905.
7. Fisher CM. Capsular infarcts: the underlying vascular lesions. Arch Neurol. 1979;36:65-73.
8. Erro ME, Gallego J, Herrera M, Bermejo B. Isolated pontine infarcts: etiopathogenic mechanisms. Eur J Neurol. 2005;12:984-988.
9. Boiten J, Lodder J, Kessels F. Two clinically distinct lacunar infarct entities? A hypothesis. Stroke. 1993;24:652-656.
10. Arauz A, Murillo L, Cantu C, Barinagarrementeria F, Higuera J. Prospective study of single and multiple lacunar infarcts using magnetic resonance imaging: risk factors, recurrence, and outcome in 175 consecutive cases. Stroke. 2003;34:2453-2458.
11. de Jong G, Kessels F, Lodder J. Two types of lacunar infarcts: further arguments from a study on prognosis. Stroke. 2002;33:2072-2076.
12. Gouw AA, Van Der Flier WM, Pantoni L, Inzitari D, Erkinjuntti T, Wahlund LO, Waldemar G, Schmidt R, Fazekas F, Scheltens P, Barkhof F. On the etiology of incident brain lacunes: longitudinal observations from the Ladis study. Stroke. 2008;39:3083-3085.
13. Adachi T, Kobayashi S, Yamaguchi S, Okada K. MRI findings of small subcortical 'lacunar-like' infarction resulting from large vessel disease. J Neurol. 2000;247:280-285.
14. Van Swieten JC, Van den Hout JH, Van Ketel BA, Hijdra A, Wokke JH, Van Gijn J. Periventricular lesions in the white matter on magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly. A morphometric correlation with arte-riolosclerosis and dilated perivascular spaces. Brain. 1991;114:761-774.
15. Wiszniewska M, Devuyst G, Bogousslavsky J, Ghika J, Van Melle G. What is the significance of leukoaraiosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke? Arch Neurol. 2000;57:967-973.
16. Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G, Kleinert G, Kapeller P, Schmidt R, Hartung HP. Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:637-642.
17. Munoz DG. Small vessel disease: neuropathology. Int Psychogeriatr. 2003;15(suppl 1):67-69.
18. Tatu L, Moulin T, Bogousslavsky J, Duvernoy H. Arterial territories of human brain: brainstem and cerebellum. Neurology. 1996;47:1125-1135.
19. Hosoya T, Watanabe N, Yamaguchi K, Kubota H, Onodera Y. Intra-cranial vertebral artery dissection in Wallenberg syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1994;15:1161-1165.
20. Kim JS. Pure lateral medullary infarction: clinical-radiological correlation of 130 acute, consecutive patients. Brain. 2003;126:1864-1872.
21. Kim JS, Han YS. Medial medullary infarction: clinical, imaging, and outcome study in 86 consecutive patients. Stroke. 2009;40:3221-3225.
22. Cho AH, Kang DW, Kwon SU, Kim JS. Is 15 mm size criterion for lacunar infarction still valid? A study on strictly subcortical middle cerebral artery territory infarction using diffusion-weighted MRI. Cere-brovasc Dis. 2007;23:14-19.
23. Tatu L, Moulin T, Bogousslavsky J, Duvernoy H. Arterial territories of the human brain: cerebral hemispheres. Neurology. 1998;50:1699-1708.
24. Kapeller P, Barber R, Vermeulen RJ, Ader H, Scheltens P, Freidl W, Almkvist O, Moretti M, del Ser T, Vaghfeldt P, Enzinger C, Barkhof F, Inzitari D, Erkinjunti T, Schmidt R, Fazekas F. Visual rating of age-related white matter changes on magnetic resonance imaging: scale comparison, interrater agreement, and correlations with quantitative measurements. Stroke. 2003;34:441-445.
25. Jeon SB, Kwon SU, Cho AH, Yun SC, Kim JS, Kang DW. Rapid appearance of new cerebral microbleeds after acute ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2009;73:1638-1644.
26. Khan U, Porteous L, Hassan A, Markus HS. Risk factor profile of cerebral small vessel disease and its subtypes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:702-706.
27. Kim BJ, Lee SH, Kang BS, Yoon BW, Roh JK. Diabetes increases large artery diseases, but not small artery diseases in the brain. J Neurol. 2008;255:1176-1181.
28. Lee DK, Kim JS, Kwon SU, Yoo SH, Kang DW. Lesion patterns and stroke mechanism in atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery disease: early diffusion-weighted imaging study. Stroke. 2005;36:2583-2588.
29. Bang OY, Joo SY, Lee PH, Joo US, Lee JH, Joo IS, Huh K. The course of patients with lacunar infarcts and a parent arterial lesion: similarities to large artery vs small artery disease. Arch Neurol. 2004;61:514-519.
30. Kim JS, Cho KH, Kang DW, Kwon SU, Suh DC. Basilar artery atherosclerotic disease is related to subacute lesion volume increase in pontine base infarction. Acta Neurol Scand. 2009;120:88-93.
31. Cho KH, Kang DW, Kwon SU, Kim JS. Lesion volume increase is related to neurologic progression in patients with subcortical infarction. J Neurol Sci. 2009;284:163-167.
32. University of British Columbia. Secondary Prevention of Small Sub-cortical Strokes Trial (SPS3). Available at www.sps3.org. Accessed August 2, 2010.
33. Pergola PE, White CL, Graves JW, Coffey CS, Tonarelli SB, Hart RG, Benavente OR. Reliability and validity of blood pressure measurement in the secondary prevention of small subcortical strokes study. Blood Press Monit. 2007;12:1-8.