Contextualizing Sexual Objectification

The Counseling Psychologist

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 127-139

  Fischer, Ann R ^a   Bettendorf, Sonya K ^a   Wang, yu Wei ^a  

^a SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

gender; social justice; training

Indexed keywords

EID: 78650411560     PISSN: 00110000     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0011000010381141     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Aubrey, J.S. (2006). Effects of sexually objectifying media on self-objectification and body surveillance in undergraduates: Results of a 2-year panel study. Journal of Communication, 56, 366-386.
2. Baker, J. (2008). The ideology of choice: Overstating progress and hiding injustice in the lives of young women. Findings from a study in North Queensland, Australia. Women’s Studies International Forum, 31, 53-64.
3. Bartky, S.L. (1990). Femininity and domination: Studies in the phenomenology of oppression. New York: Routledge.
4. Bem, S.L. (1993). The lenses of gender: Transforming the debate on gender inequality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
5. Brown, L.S. (1994). Subversive dialogues. Theory in feminist therapy. New York: Basic Books.
6. Calogero, R.M. (2004). A test of objectification theory: The effect of the male gaze on appearance concerns in college women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28,16-21.
7. Calogero, R.M., Herbozo, S., & Thompson, K.J. (2008). Complimentary weight-ism: The potential costs of appearance-related commentary for women’s self-objectification. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 33, 120-133.
8. Carr, E.R., & Szymanski, D.M. (2011). Sexual objectification and substance abuse in young adult women. The Counseling Psychologist, 39, 39-66.
9. Chesler, P. (1972). Women and madness. New York: Doubleday.
10. Collins, P.H. (1990). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. Boston: Unwin Hyman.
11. Comaz-Díaz, L., & Greene, B. (Eds.). (1994). Women of color: Integrating ethnic and gender identities in psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.
12. Downs, D.M., James, S., & Cowan, G. (2006). Body objectification, self-esteem, and relationship satisfaction: A comparison of exotic dancers and college women. Sex Roles, 54, 745-752.
13. Enns, C.Z. (1993). Twenty years of feminist counseling and therapy. The Counseling Psychologist, 21, 3-87.
14. Espin, O.M. (1994). Feminist approaches. In L. Comas-Diaz & B. Greene (Eds.), Women of color: Integrating ethnic and gender identities in psychotherapy (pp. 265-286). New York: Guilford Press.
15. Espin, O.M., & Gawelek, M.A. (1992). Women’s diversity: Ethnicity, race, class and gender in theories of feminist psychology. In L. S. Brown & M. Ballou (Eds.), Personality and psychopathology: Feminist reappraisals (pp. 88-107). New York: Guilford Press.
16. Fredrickson, B.L., & Roberts, T. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women’s lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173-206.
17. Fredrickson, B.L., Roberts, T., Noll, S.M., Quinn, D.M., & Twenge, J.M. (1998). That swimsuit becomes you: Sex differences in self-objectification, restrained eating, and math performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 269-284.
18. Gannon, L. (1982). The role of power in psychotherapy. Women & Therapy, 1, 3-11.
19. Gruenfeld, D.H., Inesi, M.E., Magee, J.C., & Galinsky, A.D. (2008). Power and the objectification of social targets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 111-127.
20. Hill, M.S. (2009). Gazing at objectification theory through a social constructionist lens. In J. D. Raskin, S. K. Bridges, & R. A. Neimeyer (Eds.), Studies in meaning 4: Constructivist perspectives on theory, practice, and social justice (pp. 205-226). New York: Pace University Press.
21. Hill, M.S., & Fischer, A.R. (2008). Examining objectification theory: Lesbian and heterosexual women’s experiences with sexual and self-objectification. The Counseling Psychologist, 36, 745-776.
22. Hooks, B. (1984). Feminist theory: From margin to center. Boston: South End Press.
23. Kaschak, E. (1992). Engendered lives: A new psychology of women’s experience. New York: Basic Books.
24. Kilmartin, C., Smith, T., Green, A., Heinzen, H., Kuchler, M., & D., Kolar (2008). A real time social norms intervention to reduce male sexism. Sex Roles, 59, 264-273.
25. Kozee, H.B., & Tylka, T.L. (2006). A test of objectification theory with lesbian women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 348-357.
26. Lorde, A. (1984). Sister outsider. Trumansburg, NY: Crossing Press.
27. Maracek, J. (1975, August). Dimensions of feminist therapy. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago.
28. McKinley, N.M. (2006). The developmental and cultural contexts of objectified body consciousness: A longitudinal analysis of two cohorts of women. Developmental Psychology, 42, 679-687.
29. Moffitt, L.B., & Szymanski, D.M. (2011). Experiencing sexually objectifying environments: A qualitative study. The Counseling Psychologist, 39, 67-106.
30. Moradi, B., & Huang, Y. (2008). Objectification theory and psychology of women: A decade of advances and future directions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32, 277-398.
31. Nowatzki, J., & Morry, M.M. (2009). Women’s intentions regarding, and acceptance of, self-sexualizing behavior. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 33, 95-107.
32. Olkin, R. (2003). Women with disabilities. In J. C. Chrisler, C. Golden, & P. D. Rozee (Eds.), Lectures on the psychology of women (3rd ed., pp. 144-157). New York: McGraw-Hill.
33. Saguy, T., Quinn, D.M., Dovidio, J.F., & Pratto, F. (2011). Interacting like a body: Objectification can lead women to narrow their presence in social interactions. Psychological Science, 21, 178-182.
34. Schraub, D. (2008, November 10). Second thing we do, objectify all the men. The Debate Link. Retrieved June 17, 2010, from http://dsadevil.blogspot.com/2008/11/second-thing-we-do-objectify-all-men.html
35. Szymanski, D.M., Carr, E.R., & Moffitt, L.B. (2011). Sexual objectification of women: Clinical implications and training considerations. The Counseling Psychologist, 39, 107-126.
36. Szymanski, D.M., Moffitt, L.B., & Carr, E.R. (2011). Sexual objectification of women: Advances to theory and research. The Counseling Psychologist, 39, 6-38.
37. Tiggeman, M., & Boundy, M. (2008). Effect of environment and appearance compliment on college women’s self-objectification, mood, body shame, and cognitive performance. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32, 399-405.
38. Walker, A. (1983). In search of our mother’s gardens: Womanist prose. New York: Harcourt.
39. Wang, Y.W. (in press). Voices from the margin: A case study of a rural lesbian’s experience with woman-to-woman sexual violence. Journal of Lesbian Studies.
40. Whisnant, R. (2007, March 24). Not your father’s Playboy, not your mother’s feminist movement: Contemporary feminism in a porn culture. Conference address, “Pornography and Pop Culture: Re-Framing Theory, Re-Thinking Activism,” Boston.
41. Worrell, J., & Remer, P. (1992). Feminist perspectives in therapy: An empowerment model for women. New York: Wiley.