The CO2 GAP Project - CO2 GAP as a prognostic tool in emergency departments

EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 524-531

  Shetty, Amith L ^a   Lai, Kevin H ^a   Byth, Karen ^a  

^a WESTMEAD HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Blood gas analysis; Capnography; Continuous positive airway pressure; Respiratory dead space; Respiratory insufficiency

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE;

ADULT; ARTERIAL GAS; ARTICLE; ASSISTED VENTILATION; DYSPNEA; EMERGENCY WARD; END TIDAL CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY;

ADULT; AREA UNDER CURVE; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; CAPNOGRAPHY; CARBON DIOXIDE; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEW SOUTH WALES; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RESPIRATION DISORDERS; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL; RESPIRATORY DEAD SPACE; ROC CURVE; TIDAL VOLUME;

EID: 78650378327     PISSN: 17426731     EISSN: 17426723     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2010.01349.x     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Rempher K, Morton P. Patient assessment: respiratory system. In: Morton Patricia Gonce, Fontaine Dorrie K, Hudak Carolyn M, Gallo Barbara M, eds. Critical Care Nursing: A Holistic Approach, 8th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Part V Chap 2005; 24: 520-35.
2. Trillo G, Von Planta M, Kette F. EtCO2 monitoring during low flow states: clinical aims and limits. Resuscitation. 1994; 27 (1): 1-8.
3. Nunn JF, Hill DW. Respiratory dead space and arterial to end-tidal CO2 tension difference in anesthetized man. J. Appl. Physiol. 1960; 15: 383-9.
4. Fletcher R, Jonson B. Deadspace and the single breath test for carbon dioxide during anaesthesia and artificial ventilation. Br. J. Anaesth. 1984; 109-19.
5. Shankar KB, Moseley H, Kumar Y, Vemula V. Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference during caesarean section anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1986; 698-702.
6. 2 difference and pulmonary artery pressure in anaesthetized man. J. Appl. Physiol. 1966; 21: 1299-305.
7. Bhavani Shankar K, Kumar AY, Moseley H, Hallsworth RA. Terminology and the current limitations of time capnography. J Clin Monit. 1995; 11: 175-82.
8. Bhavani Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar AY, Delph Y. Capnometry and anesthesia. Can. J. Anaesth. 1992; 39: 617-32.
9. Fletcher R. Invasive and non-invasive measurement of the respiratory dead space in anesthetized children with cardiac disease. Anesth. Analg. 1988; 67: 442-7.
10. Leigh MD, Jones JC, Motley HL. The expired carbon dioxide as a continuous guide of the pulmonary and circulatory systems during anaesthesia and surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1961; 41: 597-610.
11. Grmec S, Klemen P. Does the end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) concentration have prognostic value during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? Eur. J. Emerg. Med. 2001; 8: 263-9.
12. Falk JL, Rackow EC, Weil MH. End-Tidal carbon dioxide concentration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. N. Engl. J. Med. 1988; 318: 607-11.
13. Hoffman RA, Kreiger BP, Kramer MR etal. End-Tidal carbon dioxide in critically ill patients during changes in mechanical ventilation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1989; 140: 1265-68.
14. Gisolf J, Wilders R, Immink RV, Van Lieshout JJ, Karemaker JM. Tidal volume, cardiac output and functional residual capacity determine end-tidal CO2 transient during standing up in humans. J Physiol 2004 January 15; 554 (Pt 2): 579-90.
15. Hardman JG, Aitkenhead AR. Estimating alveolar dead space from the arterial to end-tidal CO2 gradient: a modelling analysis. Anesth. Analg. 2003; 97: 1846-51.
16. Thys F, Elamly A, Marion E etal. PaCO2/EtCO2 gradient: early indicator of thrombolysis efficacy in a massive pulmonary embolism. Resuscitation 2001; 49: 105-8.
17. Tyburski JG, Collinge JD, Wilson RF, Carlin AM, Albaran RG, Steffes CP. End-Tidal CO2 derived values during emergency trauma surgery correlated with outcome: a prospective study. J. Trauma 2002; 53: 738-43.
18. Tyburski JG, Carlin AM, Harvey EHS, Steffes C, Wilson RF. End-tidal CO2 - arterial CO2 differences: a useful intraoperative mortality marker in trauma surgery. J. Trauma 2003; 55: 892-7.
19. Casati A, Gallioli G, Passaretta R, Scandroglio M, Bignami E, Torri G. End tidal carbon dioxide monitoring in spontaneously breathing, nonintubated patients. A clinical comparison between conventional sidestream and microstream capnometers. Minerva Anestesiol. 2001; 67: 161-4.
20. McArthur CD. AARC clinical practice guideline. Capnography/capnometry during mechanical ventilation - 2003 revision & update. Respir. Care 2003; 48: 534-9.