Women's safety audits and walking school buses: The diffusion/de-fusion of two radical planning ideas

Crossing Borders: International Exchange and Planning Practices

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 219-236

  Whitzman, Carolyn ^a   Perkovic, Jana ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78650206477     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203857083     Document Type: Chapter

References (50)

1. Andrew, C. 1995. "Getting Women's Issues on the Municipal Agenda: Violence against Women." In Garber, J. A. and Turner, R. S. (Eds.), Gender in Urban Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 99-118.
2. ASRTS (Active & Safe Routes to School). 2006. "Westvale's Trailblazers: How to Organize a Student Led Walking School Bus Program." Available: http://www.saferoutestoschool. ca/downloads/guide/wsb_westvale_trailblazers.pdf (accessed 1 June 2008).
3. Berglund, E. 2007. Doing Things Differently: Women's Design Service at 20. London:Women's Design Service.
4. Cavanagh, S. 1998. Making Safer Places: A Resource Book for Neighbourhood Safety Audits. London: Women's Design Service.
5. Christchurch City Council. 2008. "Safe Routes to School - Walking School Bus." Available:http://www.ccc.govt.nz/saferoutes/wsb/(accessed 28 May 2008).
6. DET [Department of Education and Training (New South Wales, Australia)]. 2008. "Walking School Bus." Available: http://www.curriculumsupport.education.nsw.gov.au/policies/road/travel/walkingbus1.htm (accessed 28 May 2008)
7. DPI [Department of Planning and Infrastructure (Western Australia)]. 2007. "Walking School Bus - Routes and Results - Trip Data." Available: http://www.dpi.wa.gov.au/mediaFiles/ts_tripdata07.pdf (accessed 28 May 2008)
8. DT [Department for Transport (UK)]. 2006. "How to Set up a 'Walking Bus'." Available:http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/sustainable/schooltravel/grantsforwalkingbuses/howtosetupawalkingbus (accessed 28 May 2008).
9. DTEI [Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure (South Australia)]. 2007. "Walking in Adelaide." Available: http://www.transport.sa.gov.au/personal_transport/walking/index.asp (accessed 8 May 2008).
10. Engwicht, D. 1992. Towards an Eco-City: Calming the Traffic. Sydney: Envirobook.
11. Engwicht, D. 2003. "Is Walking School Bus Stalled in an Evolutionary Cul-de-Sac?" Available:http://www.lesstraffic.com/Articles/Traffic/wbstalled.htm (accessed 28 May 2008).
12. Eyestone, R. 1977. "Confusion, Diffusion, and Innovation." The American Political Science Review, 71 (2), 441-7.
13. Hall, P. 2002. Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
14. Hillman, M., Adams, J., and Whitelegg, J. 1990. One False Move... A Study of Children's Independent Mobility. London: Policy Studies Institute.
15. Hobart City Council (Tasmania, Australia). 2004. "Walking School Bus Guide." Available:http://www.hobartcity.com.au/hccwr/_assets/main/lib60037/walking%20bus%20 guide.pdf (accessed 28 May 2008).
16. Hobart City Council (Tasmania, Australia). 2007. "Walking School Bus Program." Available: http://www.hobartcity.com.au/HCC/STANDARD/WALKING_SCHOO L_BUS.html (accessed 28 May 2008).
17. Husain, S. 2007. Guidance on Local Safety Audits: A Compendium of International Practice. Paris: European Forum on Urban Safety.
18. Informa Market Research. 2001. "Small Steps/Large Rewards: A Community Based Social Marketing Research Project." Greenest City, Ontario.
19. Kallus, R. and Churchman, A. 2004. "Women's Struggle for Urban Safety: The Canadian Experience and its Applicability to the Israeli Context." Planning Theory & Practice, 5 (2), 197-215.
20. Kearns, R. A. and Collins, C. A. 2003. "Crossing Roads, Crossing Boundaries: Empowerment and Participation in a Child Pedestrian Safety Initiative." Space and Polity, 7 (2), 193-212.
21. Kingham, S. and Ussher, S. 2005. "Ticket to a Sustainable Future: An Evaluation of the Long-Term Durability of the Walking School Bus Programme in Christchurch, New Zealand." Transport Policy, 12 (4), 314-23.
22. Kooijman, D. and Romein, A. 2007. The Limited Potential of the Creative City Concept:Policy Practices in Four Dutch Cities (draft). Based on paper presented at Regions in Focus, Lisbon, April 2007.
23. Land Transport New Zealand. 2008. "Walking School Buses." Available: http://www. landtransport.govt.nz/travel/school/walking-school-buses/index.html (accessed 28 May 2008).
24. Luckman, S., Gibson, C., Lea, T., and Brennan-Horley, C. 2007. "Darwin as "Creative Tropical City": Just How Transferable is Creative City Thinking?" Paper presented at 3rd State of Australian Cities National Conference, Adelaide, 28-30 November 2007.
25. Mackett, R.G., Lucas, L., Paskins, J., and Turbin, J. 2003. "A Methodology for Evaluating Walking Buses as an Instrument of Urban Transport Policy." Urban Transport Policy Instruments, 10 (3), 179-86.
26. Mackett, R.G., Lucas, L., Paskins, J., and Turbin, J. 2005. Walking Buses in Hertfordshire: Impacts and Lessons. London: Centre for Transport Studies, University College London.
27. Martin, S. and Carlson, S. 2005. "Barriers to Children Walking to or from School: United States, 2004." Journal of the American Medical Association, 294 (17), 2160-1.
28. McMillan, T. E. 2005. "Urban Form and a Child's Trip to School: The Current Literature and a Framework for Future Research." Journal of Planning Literature, 19, 440-56.
29. METRAC (Metropolitan Toronto Action Committee on Public Violence Against Women and Children). 1989. Women's Safety Audit Guide. Toronto: METRAC.
30. NCPC (National Crime Prevention Council of Canada). 1995. First Annual Report of the National Crime Prevention Council. Ottawa: Government of Canada.
31. Queensland Transport. 2007. "Kids Walking." Available: http://www.transport.qld.gov.au/Home/Safety/Road/Pedestrians/Pedestrian_guide/Kids_walking/(accessed 28 May 2008).
32. Shaw, M. and Andrew, C. 2005. "Engendering Crime Prevention: International Developments and the Canadian Experience." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (CJCCJ), 47 (2), 293-316.
33. Stone, D. 1999. "Learning Lessons and Transferring Policy across Time, Space and Disciplines." Politics, 19 (1), 51-9.
34. Stone, D. 2001. Learning Lessons, Policy Transfer and the International Diffusion of Policy Ideas. Working Paper No. 69/01. Warwick: Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation.
35. Symes, M. and Pauwels, S. 1999. "The Diffusion of Innovations in Urban Design: The Case of Sustainability in the Hulme Development Guide." Journal of Urban Design, 4 (1), 97-117.
36. Tranter, P. and Pawson, E. 2001. «Children's Access to Local Environments: A Case Study of Christchurch, New Zealand.» Local Environment, 6, 27-48.
37. VCCAV (Victorian Community Council Against Violence). 1995. Safety Audits: Past Experience and Future Strategies, Notes from a March 1995 Forum. Melbourne: VCCAV.
38. VicHealth (Victorian Health Promotion Foundation). 2003. "Walking School Bus: A Guide for Parents and Teachers." Available: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/assets/contentFiles/WSB_InteractivePrint.pdf (accessed 1 June 2008).
39. VicHealth (Victorian Health Promotion Foundation). 2007a. "Walking the Walk. Evaluation of Phases 1 and 2 of the Walking School Bus Program." Available: http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/assets/contentFiles/Walking%20 the%20Walk.pdf (accessed 28 May 2008).
40. VicHealth (Victorian Health Promotion Foundation). 2007b. It's More than Just Walking! The Value-Adding Impact of the Walking School Bus Program on Local Environments and Communities. J. A. Grant and Associates for VicHealth (Victorian Division), August 2007.
41. WACAV (Women's Action Centre Against Violence Ottawa-Carleton). 1995. Safety Audit Tools and Housing: The State of the Art and Implications for CMHC. Ottawa: Canada Mortgage and Housing Association.
42. Ward, S. V. 2000. "Re-examining the International Diffusion of Planning." In Freestone, R. (Ed.) Urban Planning in a Changing World. London: Taylor and Francis, pp. 40-60.
43. Wekerle, G. and Whitzman, C. 1995. Safe Cities: Guidelines for Planning, Design, and Management. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
44. Whitzman, C. 2002a. "The Voice of Women in Canadian Local Government." In Andrew, C., Graham, K., and Rankin, S. (Eds.) Urban Affairs: Back on the Policy Agenda. Montreal:Queens University Press, pp. 93-118.
45. Whitzman, C. 2002b. "Feminist Activism for Safer Social Space in High Park, Toronto: How Women Got Lost in the Woods." Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 11 (2), 299-321.
46. Whitzman, C. 2008. The Handbook of Community Safety, Gender and Violence Prevention. London:Earthscan.
47. Whitzman, C. and Pike, L. 2007. From Battery-Reared to Free-Range Children: Institutional Barriers and Enablers to Children's Independent Mobility in Victoria, Australia. Melbourne: Australian Centre for the Governance and Management of Urban Transportation.
48. Whitzman, C., Andrew, C., and Shaw, M. 2009. "The Effectiveness of Women's Safety Audits." Security Journal (special issue on women's safety), 22 (3), 205-18.
49. WICI (Women in Cities International). 2008. Women's Safety Audits: What Works and Where? Montreal: WICI.
50. YWCA. 2007. "Walking School Bus." Available: http://www.ywca-canberra.org.au/children_ community_services/walking_school_bus#downloads (accessed 9 July 2009).