Exercise as a treatment for the risk of cardiovascular disease

Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 329-341

  Aijaz, Bilal ^a   Brown, Todd M ^a   Sanderson, Bonnie K ^a   Bittner, Vera ^a  

^a University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROBIC EXERCISE; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; BEHAVIOR CHANGE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COUNSELING; DIABETES MELLITUS; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENDURANCE TRAINING; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; EXERCISE; EXERCISE INTENSITY; FITNESS; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEMOSTASIS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; OBESITY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RESISTANCE TRAINING; THROMBOSIS; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 78650189931     PISSN: 10928464     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11936-010-0078-5     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Paffenbarger Jr RS, Blair SN, Lee IM: A history of physical activity, cardiovascular health and longevity: the scientific contributions of Jeremy N Morris, DSc, DPH, FRCP. Int J Epidemiol 2001, 30(5):1184-1192.
2. Blair SN, Kampert JB, Kohl 3rd HW, et al.: Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women. JAMA 1996, 276(3):205-210.
3. Sandvik L, Erikssen J, Thaulow E, et al.: Physical fitness as a predictor of mortality among healthy, middle-aged Norwegian men. N Engl J Med 1993, 328(8):533-537.
4. Sofi F, Capalbo A, Cesari F, et al.: Physical activity during leisure time and primary prevention of coronary heart disease: an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2008, 15(3):247-257.
5. McKechnie R, Mosca L: Physical activity and coronary heart disease: prevention and effect on risk factors. Cardiol Rev 2003, 11(1):21-25.
6. Thompson PD, Buchner D, Pina IL, et al.: Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation 2003, 107(24):3109-3116.
7. US Department of Health and Human Services: physical activity guidelines for Americans. 2008. Available at http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/. The recent guidelines on physical activity from the federal government are directed at both health professionals and the public. The format is easy to read, and the key points are highlighted.
8. Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al.: Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007, 39(8):1423-1434. The updated recommendations from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association provide a detailed overview of the evidence behind current physical activity guidelines
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Adult participation in recommended levels of physical activity: United States, 2001 and 2003. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005, 54:1208-1212.
10. Schoenborn CA, Barnes PM: Leisure-time physical activity among adults: United States, 1997-98. Adv Data 2002, 325:1-24.
11. Writing Group Members, Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown TM, et al.: Heart disease and stroke statistics-2010 update. A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010, 121(7):e46-e215.
12. Saris WH, Blair SN, van Baak MA, et al.: How much physical activity is enough to prevent unhealthy weight gain? Outcome of the IASO 1st Stock Conference and consensus statement. Obes Rev 2003, 4(2):101-114.
13. Institute of Medicine: Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington: National Academy; 2003.
14. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health: Physical activity and cardiovascular health. JAMA 1996, 276(3):241-246.
15. LaMonte MJ, Blair SN: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and adiposity: contributions to disease risk. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2006, 9(5):540-546.
16. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al.: Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTER-HEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004, 364(9438):937-952.
17. LaMonte MJ, Eisenman PA, Adams TD, et al.: Cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary heart disease risk factors: the LDS Hospital Fitness Institute cohort. Circulation 2000, 102(14):1623-1628.
18. Fagard RH, Cornelissen VA: Effect of exercise on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007, 14(1):12-17.
19. Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X, He J: Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 2002, 136(7):493-503.
20. Haskell WL, Alderman EL, Fair JM, et al.: Effects of intensive multiple risk factor reduction on coronary atherosclerosis and clinical cardiac events in men and women with coronary artery disease. The Stanford Coronary Risk Intervention Project (SCRIP). Circulation 1994, 89(3):975-990.
21. Kraus WE, Houmard JA, Duscha BD, et al.: Effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on plasma lipoproteins. N Engl J Med 2002, 347(19):1483-1492.
22. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, et al.: Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001, 344(18):1343-1350.
23. Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Leung RW, Paffenbarger Jr RS: Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1991, 325(3):147-152.
24. American Diabetes Association: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2009. Diabetes Care 2009, 32 (Suppl 1): S13-S61.
25. Hu FB, Willett WC, Li T, et al.: Adiposity as compared with physical activity in predicting mortality among women. N Engl J Med 2004, 351(26):2694-2703.
26. Lee CD, Blair SN, Jackson AS: Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1999, 69(3):373-380.
27. Ford ES: Does exercise reduce inflammation? Physical activity and C-reactive protein among U. S. adults. Epidemiology 2002, 13(5):561-568.
28. Eliasson M, Asplund K, Evrin PE: Regular leisure time physical activity predicts high activity of tissue plasminogen activator: the Northern Sweden MONICA Study. Int J Epidemiol 1996, 25(6):1182-1188.
29. Wannamethee SG, Lowe GD, Whincup PH, et al.: Physical activity and hemostatic and inflammatory variables in elderly men. Circulation 2002, 105(15):1785-1790.
30. Hambrecht R, Adams V, Erbs S, et al.: Regular physical activity improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease by increasing phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Circulation 2003, 107(25):3152-3158.
31. Brendle DC, Joseph LJ, Corretti MC, et al.: Effects of exercise rehabilitation on endothelial reactivity in older patients with peripheral arterial disease. Am J Cardiol 2001, 87(3):324-329.
32. Tanasescu M, Leitzmann MF, Rimm EB, et al.: Exercise type and intensity in relation to coronary heart disease in men. JAMA 2002, 288(16):1994-2000.
33. Henriksson J: Influence of exercise on insulin sensitivity. J Cardiovasc Risk 1995, 2(4):303-309.
34. Rauramaa R, Salonen JT, Seppänen K, et al.: Inhibition of platelet aggregability by moderate-intensity physical exercise: a randomized clinical trial in overweight men. Circulation 1986, 74(5):939-944.
35. Billman GE: Cardiac autonomic neural remodeling and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: effect of endurance exercise training. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009, 297(4):171-193.
36. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG: Physical activity in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: an epidemiological perspective. Sports Med 2001, 31(2):101-114.
37. Manson JE, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ, et al.: Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. N Engl J Med 2002, 347(10):716-725.
38. Thompson D, Batterham AM, Markovitch D, et al.: Confusion and conflict in assessing the physical activity status of middle-aged men. PLoS One 2009, 4(2):e4337.
39. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Leon AS, et al.: Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993, 25(1):71-80.
40. American College of Sports Medicine: ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, edn 8th. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.
41. Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN, American College of Sports Medicine, et al.: American Heart Association: Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2007, 116(9):1094-1105.
42. Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, et al.: American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism: Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation 2007, 116(5):572-584.
43. Braith RW, Stewart KJ: Resistance exercise training: its role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2006, 113(22):2642-2650.
44. Lee IM, Sesso HD, Paffenbarger Jr RS: Physical activity and coronary heart disease risk in men: does the duration of exercise episodes predict risk? Circulation 2000, 102(9):981-986.
45. DeBusk RF, Stenestrand U, Sheehan M, Haskell WL: Training effects of long versus short bouts of exercise in healthy subjects. Am J Cardiol 1990, 65(15):1010-1013.
46. Mensink GB, Heerstrass DW, Neppelenbroek SE, et al.: Intensity, duration, and frequency of physical activity and coronary risk factors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997, 29(9):1192-1198.
47. Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, et al.: Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA 1995, 273(5):402-407.
48. Lakka TA, Venäläinen JM, Rauramaa R, et al.: Relation of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to the risk of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1994, 330(22):1549-1554.
49. Swain DP, Franklin BA: Comparison of cardioprotective benefits of vigorous versus moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Am J Cardiol 2006, 97(1):141-147.
50. Yu S, Yarnell JW, Sweetnam PM, Murray L: Caerphilly study: what level of physical activity protects against premature cardiovascular death? The Caerphilly study. Heart 2003, 89(5):502-506.
51. Shaper AG, Wannamethee G, Weatherall R: Physical activity and ischaemic heart disease in middle-aged British men. Br Heart J 1991, 66(5):384-394.
52. Leon AS, Connett J: Physical activity and 10.5 year mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). IntJ Epidemiol 1991, 20(3):690-697.
53. Sesso HD, Paffenbarger Jr RS, Lee IM: Physical activity and coronary heart disease in men: the Harvard Alumni Health Study. Circulation 2000, 102(9):975-980.
54. Thompson PD: The cardiovascular complications of vigorous physical activity. Arch Intern Med 1996, 156(20):2297-2302.
55. Carlson SA, Hootman JM, Powell KE, et al.: Selfreported injury and physical activity levels: United States 2000 to 2002. Ann Epidemiol 2006, 16(9):712-719.
56. US Preventive Services Task Force: Guide to clinical preventive services: an assessment of the effectiveness of 169 interventions. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1989:297-304.
57. Pinto BM, Goldstein MG, Marcus BH: Activity counseling by primary care physicians. Prev Med 1998, 27(4):506-513.
58. King AC, Sallis JF: Why and how to improve physical activity promotion: lessons from behavioral science and related fields. Prev Med 2009, 49(4):286-288. This commentary reviews the challenges in promoting physical activity and offers several practical interventions
59. Lavie CJ, Thomas RJ, Squires RW, et al.: Exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation in primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2009, 84(4):373-383. This comprehensive report outlines the benefits of physical activity, particularly cardiac rehabilitation programs, for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
60. Roberts WC: An agent with lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, vasodilating, diuretic, anorexigenic, weight-reducing, cathartic, hypoglycemic, tranquilizing, hypnotic and antidepressive qualities. Am J Cardiol 1984, 53(1):261-262.