메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 171, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 1386-1396

Brain injury activates microglia that induce neural stem cell proliferation ex vivo and promote differentiation of neurosphere-derived cells into neurons and oligodendrocytes

Author keywords

Ischemia; Microglia; Neural progenitor; Neurogenesis; Stroke; SVZ

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ASTROCYTE; BRAIN INJURY; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL ISOLATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORPUS STRIATUM; CULTURE MEDIUM; EX VIVO STUDY; EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL; GLIOSIS; MALE; MICROGLIA; MICROGLIOSIS; NERVE CELL CULTURE; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NEURAL STEM CELL; NONHUMAN; OLIGODENDROGLIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; STROKE;

EID: 78650177507     PISSN: 03064522     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.045     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (59)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0035816350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid activation of microglial cells by hypoxia, kainic acid, and potassium ions in slice preparations of the rat hippocampus
    • Abraham H., Losonczy A., Czeh G., Lazar G. Rapid activation of microglial cells by hypoxia, kainic acid, and potassium ions in slice preparations of the rat hippocampus. Brain Res 2001, 906:115-126.
    • (2001) Brain Res , vol.906 , pp. 115-126
    • Abraham, H.1    Losonczy, A.2    Czeh, G.3    Lazar, G.4
  • 3
    • 70449535512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of glutamate transporters in subcortical white matter after transient focal cerebral ischemia
    • Arranz A.M., Gottlieb M., Perez-Cerda F., Matute C. Increased expression of glutamate transporters in subcortical white matter after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Neurobiol Dis 2010, 37:156-165.
    • (2010) Neurobiol Dis , vol.37 , pp. 156-165
    • Arranz, A.M.1    Gottlieb, M.2    Perez-Cerda, F.3    Matute, C.4
  • 4
    • 0036735672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke
    • Arvidsson A., Collin T., Kirik D., Kokaia Z., Lindvall O. Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nat Med 2002, 8:963-970.
    • (2002) Nat Med , vol.8 , pp. 963-970
    • Arvidsson, A.1    Collin, T.2    Kirik, D.3    Kokaia, Z.4    Lindvall, O.5
  • 5
    • 67650889116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cells for ischemic brain injury: a critical review
    • Burns T.C., Verfaillie C.M., Low W.C. Stem cells for ischemic brain injury: a critical review. J Comp Neurol 2009, 515:125-144.
    • (2009) J Comp Neurol , vol.515 , pp. 125-144
    • Burns, T.C.1    Verfaillie, C.M.2    Low, W.C.3
  • 6
    • 30044434850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia activated by IL-4 or IFN-gamma differentially induce neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis from adult stem/progenitor cells
    • Butovsky O., Ziv Y., Schwartz A., Landa G., Talpalar A.E., Pluchino S., Martino G., Schwartz M. Microglia activated by IL-4 or IFN-gamma differentially induce neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis from adult stem/progenitor cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2006, 31:149-160.
    • (2006) Mol Cell Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 149-160
    • Butovsky, O.1    Ziv, Y.2    Schwartz, A.3    Landa, G.4    Talpalar, A.E.5    Pluchino, S.6    Martino, G.7    Schwartz, M.8
  • 7
    • 38949139570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro neuronal and glial differentiation from embryonic or adult neural precursor cells are differently affected by chronic or acute activation of microglia
    • Cacci E., Ajmone-Cat M.A., Anelli T., Biagioni S., Minghetti L. In vitro neuronal and glial differentiation from embryonic or adult neural precursor cells are differently affected by chronic or acute activation of microglia. Glia 2008, 56:412-425.
    • (2008) Glia , vol.56 , pp. 412-425
    • Cacci, E.1    Ajmone-Cat, M.A.2    Anelli, T.3    Biagioni, S.4    Minghetti, L.5
  • 9
    • 1842428537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultured rat microglial cells synthesize the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol, which increases proliferation via a CB2 receptor-dependent mechanism
    • Carrier E.J., Kearn C.S., Barkmeier A.J., Breese N.M., Yang W., Nithipatikom K., Pfister S.L., Campbell W.B., Hillard C.J. Cultured rat microglial cells synthesize the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonylglycerol, which increases proliferation via a CB2 receptor-dependent mechanism. Mol Pharmacol 2004, 65:999-1007.
    • (2004) Mol Pharmacol , vol.65 , pp. 999-1007
    • Carrier, E.J.1    Kearn, C.S.2    Barkmeier, A.J.3    Breese, N.M.4    Yang, W.5    Nithipatikom, K.6    Pfister, S.L.7    Campbell, W.B.8    Hillard, C.J.9
  • 10
    • 49849085127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-cell-autonomous effects of presenilin 1 variants on enrichment-mediated hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation
    • Choi S.H., Veeraraghavalu K., Lazarov O., Marler S., Ransohoff R.M., Ramirez J.M., Sisodia S.S. Non-cell-autonomous effects of presenilin 1 variants on enrichment-mediated hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Neuron 2008, 59:568-580.
    • (2008) Neuron , vol.59 , pp. 568-580
    • Choi, S.H.1    Veeraraghavalu, K.2    Lazarov, O.3    Marler, S.4    Ransohoff, R.M.5    Ramirez, J.M.6    Sisodia, S.S.7
  • 13
    • 68749099422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of striatal newborn neurons with mature phenotype following defined striatal and cortical excitotoxic brain injuries
    • Deierborg T., Staflin K., Pesic J., Roybon L., Brundin P., Lundberg C. Absence of striatal newborn neurons with mature phenotype following defined striatal and cortical excitotoxic brain injuries. Exp Neurol 2009, 219:363-367.
    • (2009) Exp Neurol , vol.219 , pp. 363-367
    • Deierborg, T.1    Staflin, K.2    Pesic, J.3    Roybon, L.4    Brundin, P.5    Lundberg, C.6
  • 15
    • 0031927150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinolinic acid-induced inflammation in the striatum does not impair the survival of neural allografts in the rat
    • Duan W.M., Widner H., Cameron R.M., Brundin P. Quinolinic acid-induced inflammation in the striatum does not impair the survival of neural allografts in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 1998, 10:2595-2606.
    • (1998) Eur J Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 2595-2606
    • Duan, W.M.1    Widner, H.2    Cameron, R.M.3    Brundin, P.4
  • 17
    • 0037441458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of microglia-neuron interactions in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha release, microglial activation, and neurodegeneration induced by trimethyltin
    • Eskes C., Juillerat-Jeanneret L., Leuba G., Honegger P., Monnet-Tschudi F. Involvement of microglia-neuron interactions in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha release, microglial activation, and neurodegeneration induced by trimethyltin. J Neurosci Res 2003, 71:583-590.
    • (2003) J Neurosci Res , vol.71 , pp. 583-590
    • Eskes, C.1    Juillerat-Jeanneret, L.2    Leuba, G.3    Honegger, P.4    Monnet-Tschudi, F.5
  • 18
    • 33748206430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential activation of microglia in neurogenic versus non-neurogenic regions of the forebrain
    • Goings G.E., Kozlowski D.A., Szele F.G. Differential activation of microglia in neurogenic versus non-neurogenic regions of the forebrain. Glia 2006, 54:329-342.
    • (2006) Glia , vol.54 , pp. 329-342
    • Goings, G.E.1    Kozlowski, D.A.2    Szele, F.G.3
  • 19
    • 0035019990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal cerebral ischemia induces increased myelin basic protein and growth-associated protein-43 gene transcription in peri-infarct areas in the rat brain
    • Gregersen R., Christensen T., Lehrmann E., Diemer N.H., Finsen B. Focal cerebral ischemia induces increased myelin basic protein and growth-associated protein-43 gene transcription in peri-infarct areas in the rat brain. Exp Brain Res 2001, 138:384-392.
    • (2001) Exp Brain Res , vol.138 , pp. 384-392
    • Gregersen, R.1    Christensen, T.2    Lehrmann, E.3    Diemer, N.H.4    Finsen, B.5
  • 20
    • 0036849018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia as a source and target of cytokines
    • Hanisch U.K. Microglia as a source and target of cytokines. Glia 2002, 40:140-155.
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 140-155
    • Hanisch, U.K.1
  • 21
    • 35548986304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
    • Hanisch U.K., Kettenmann H. Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. Nat Neurosci 2007, 10:1387-1394.
    • (2007) Nat Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 1387-1394
    • Hanisch, U.K.1    Kettenmann, H.2
  • 24
    • 0037015059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo
    • Jin K., Zhu Y., Sun Y., Mao X.O., Xie L., Greenberg D.A. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:11946-11950.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.99 , pp. 11946-11950
    • Jin, K.1    Zhu, Y.2    Sun, Y.3    Mao, X.O.4    Xie, L.5    Greenberg, D.A.6
  • 25
    • 60949110305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced neurogenesis after suppressed inflammation by minocycline in transient cerebral ischemia in rat
    • Kim B.J., Kim M.J., Park J.M., Lee S.H., Kim Y.J., Ryu S., Kim Y.H., Yoon B.W. Reduced neurogenesis after suppressed inflammation by minocycline in transient cerebral ischemia in rat. J Neurol Sci 2009, 279:70-75.
    • (2009) J Neurol Sci , vol.279 , pp. 70-75
    • Kim, B.J.1    Kim, M.J.2    Park, J.M.3    Lee, S.H.4    Kim, Y.J.5    Ryu, S.6    Kim, Y.H.7    Yoon, B.W.8
  • 26
    • 33847785649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective ablation of proliferating microglial cells exacerbates ischemic injury in the brain
    • Lalancette-Hebert M., Gowing G., Simard A., Weng Y.C., Kriz J. Selective ablation of proliferating microglial cells exacerbates ischemic injury in the brain. J Neurosci 2007, 27:2596-2605.
    • (2007) J Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 2596-2605
    • Lalancette-Hebert, M.1    Gowing, G.2    Simard, A.3    Weng, Y.C.4    Kriz, J.5
  • 27
    • 33845938979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic treatment with minocycline preserves adult new neurons and reduces functional impairment after focal cerebral ischemia
    • Liu Z., Fan Y., Won S.J., Neumann M., Hu D., Zhou L., Weinstein P.R., Liu J. Chronic treatment with minocycline preserves adult new neurons and reduces functional impairment after focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2007, 38:146-152.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 146-152
    • Liu, Z.1    Fan, Y.2    Won, S.J.3    Neumann, M.4    Hu, D.5    Zhou, L.6    Weinstein, P.R.7    Liu, J.8
  • 28
    • 33845621647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased generation of neuronal progenitors after ischemic injury in the aged adult human forebrain
    • Macas J., Nern C., Plate K.H., Momma S. Increased generation of neuronal progenitors after ischemic injury in the aged adult human forebrain. J Neurosci 2006, 26:13114-13119.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 13114-13119
    • Macas, J.1    Nern, C.2    Plate, K.H.3    Momma, S.4
  • 29
    • 0026532184 scopus 로고
    • Ischemic penumbra in a model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat
    • Memezawa H., Minamisawa H., Smith M.L., Siesjo B.K. Ischemic penumbra in a model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Exp Brain Res 1992, 89:67-78.
    • (1992) Exp Brain Res , vol.89 , pp. 67-78
    • Memezawa, H.1    Minamisawa, H.2    Smith, M.L.3    Siesjo, B.K.4
  • 30
    • 0345189366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory blockade restores adult hippocampal neurogenesis
    • Monje M.L., Toda H., Palmer T.D. Inflammatory blockade restores adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Science 2003, 302:1760-1765.
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 1760-1765
    • Monje, M.L.1    Toda, H.2    Palmer, T.D.3
  • 31
    • 0027386940 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of microglial reaction after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat brain
    • Morioka T., Kalehua A.N., Streit W.J. Characterization of microglial reaction after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat brain. J Comp Neurol 1993, 327:123-132.
    • (1993) J Comp Neurol , vol.327 , pp. 123-132
    • Morioka, T.1    Kalehua, A.N.2    Streit, W.J.3
  • 32
    • 0030580581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone on neuronal survival and motor function following intrastriatal injections of quinolinate or 3-nitropropionic acid
    • Nakao N., Brundin P. Effects of alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone on neuronal survival and motor function following intrastriatal injections of quinolinate or 3-nitropropionic acid. Neuroscience 1997, 76:749-761.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.76 , pp. 749-761
    • Nakao, N.1    Brundin, P.2
  • 34
    • 0035098870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonactivated microglia promote oligodendrocyte precursor survival and maturation through the transcription factor NF-kappaB
    • Nicholas R.S., Wing M.G., Compston A. Nonactivated microglia promote oligodendrocyte precursor survival and maturation through the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Eur J Neurosci 2001, 13:959-967.
    • (2001) Eur J Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 959-967
    • Nicholas, R.S.1    Wing, M.G.2    Compston, A.3
  • 35
    • 19744380563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo
    • Nimmerjahn A., Kirchhoff F., Helmchen F. Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo. Science 2005, 308:1314-1318.
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , pp. 1314-1318
    • Nimmerjahn, A.1    Kirchhoff, F.2    Helmchen, F.3
  • 36
    • 33750945702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enriched environment attenuates cell genesis in subventricular zone after focal ischemia in mice and decreases migration of newborn cells to the striatum
    • Nygren J., Wieloch T., Pesic J., Brundin P., Deierborg T. Enriched environment attenuates cell genesis in subventricular zone after focal ischemia in mice and decreases migration of newborn cells to the striatum. Stroke 2006, 37:2824-2829.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 2824-2829
    • Nygren, J.1    Wieloch, T.2    Pesic, J.3    Brundin, P.4    Deierborg, T.5
  • 37
    • 33846585119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic infections and inflammation affect chronic neurodegeneration
    • Perry V.H., Cunningham C., Holmes C. Systemic infections and inflammation affect chronic neurodegeneration. Nat Rev Immunol 2007, 7:161-167.
    • (2007) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 161-167
    • Perry, V.H.1    Cunningham, C.2    Holmes, C.3
  • 39
    • 39749176165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein D is elevated in oligodendrocytes in the peri-infarct region after experimental stroke: influence of enriched environment
    • Rickhag M., Deierborg T., Patel S., Ruscher K., Wieloch T. Apolipoprotein D is elevated in oligodendrocytes in the peri-infarct region after experimental stroke: influence of enriched environment. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2008, 28:551-562.
    • (2008) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.28 , pp. 551-562
    • Rickhag, M.1    Deierborg, T.2    Patel, S.3    Ruscher, K.4    Wieloch, T.5
  • 40
    • 60549083987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bright side of the glial scar in CNS repair
    • Rolls A., Shechter R., Schwartz M. The bright side of the glial scar in CNS repair. Nat Rev Neurosci 2009, 10:235-241.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 235-241
    • Rolls, A.1    Shechter, R.2    Schwartz, M.3
  • 41
    • 27744478490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stromal cell-derived inducing activity does not promote dopaminergic differentiation, but enhances differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cell-derived astrocytes
    • Roybon L., Brundin P., Li J.Y. Stromal cell-derived inducing activity does not promote dopaminergic differentiation, but enhances differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cell-derived astrocytes. Exp Neurol 2005, 196:373-380.
    • (2005) Exp Neurol , vol.196 , pp. 373-380
    • Roybon, L.1    Brundin, P.2    Li, J.Y.3
  • 42
    • 58449121331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of Ngn2, Tbr and NeuroD proteins during postnatal olfactory bulb neurogenesis
    • Roybon L., Deierborg T., Brundin P., Li J.Y. Involvement of Ngn2, Tbr and NeuroD proteins during postnatal olfactory bulb neurogenesis. Eur J Neurosci 2009, 29:232-243.
    • (2009) Eur J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 232-243
    • Roybon, L.1    Deierborg, T.2    Brundin, P.3    Li, J.Y.4
  • 45
    • 3242700600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurogenesis in the striatum of the quinolinic acid lesion model of Huntington's disease
    • Tattersfield A.S., Croon R.J., Liu Y.W., Kells A.P., Faull R.L., Connor B. Neurogenesis in the striatum of the quinolinic acid lesion model of Huntington's disease. Neuroscience 2004, 127:319-332.
    • (2004) Neuroscience , vol.127 , pp. 319-332
    • Tattersfield, A.S.1    Croon, R.J.2    Liu, Y.W.3    Kells, A.P.4    Faull, R.L.5    Connor, B.6
  • 46
    • 45849083887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and therapeutic potential of adult neural stem cells
    • Taupin P. Adult neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and therapeutic potential of adult neural stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2008, 5:127-132.
    • (2008) Int J Med Sci , vol.5 , pp. 127-132
    • Taupin, P.1
  • 49
    • 0027378538 scopus 로고
    • Remote microglial activation in the quinolinic acid model of Huntington's disease
    • Topper R., Gehrmann J., Schwarz M., Block F., Noth J., Kreutzberg G.W. Remote microglial activation in the quinolinic acid model of Huntington's disease. Exp Neurol 1993, 123:271-283.
    • (1993) Exp Neurol , vol.123 , pp. 271-283
    • Topper, R.1    Gehrmann, J.2    Schwarz, M.3    Block, F.4    Noth, J.5    Kreutzberg, G.W.6
  • 50
    • 3042688444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of stroke with erythropoietin enhances neurogenesis and angiogenesis and improves neurological function in rats
    • Wang L., Zhang Z., Wang Y., Zhang R., Chopp M. Treatment of stroke with erythropoietin enhances neurogenesis and angiogenesis and improves neurological function in rats. Stroke 2004, 35:1732-1737.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1732-1737
    • Wang, L.1    Zhang, Z.2    Wang, Y.3    Zhang, R.4    Chopp, M.5
  • 51
    • 1842586126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats
    • Zhang R., Zhang Z., Wang L., Wang Y., Gousev A., Zhang L., Ho K.L., Morshead C., Chopp M. Activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2004, 24:441-448.
    • (2004) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.24 , pp. 441-448
    • Zhang, R.1    Zhang, Z.2    Wang, L.3    Wang, Y.4    Gousev, A.5    Zhang, L.6    Ho, K.L.7    Morshead, C.8    Chopp, M.9
  • 52
    • 3042817392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke transiently increases subventricular zone cell division from asymmetric to symmetric and increases neuronal differentiation in the adult rat
    • Zhang R., Zhang Z., Zhang C., Zhang L., Robin A., Wang Y., Lu M., Chopp M. Stroke transiently increases subventricular zone cell division from asymmetric to symmetric and increases neuronal differentiation in the adult rat. J Neurosci 2004, 24:5810-5815.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 5810-5815
    • Zhang, R.1    Zhang, Z.2    Zhang, C.3    Zhang, L.4    Robin, A.5    Wang, Y.6    Lu, M.7    Chopp, M.8
  • 53
    • 55549095136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ramified microglial cells promote astrogliogenesis and maintenance of neural stem cells through activation of Stat3 function
    • Zhu P., Hata R., Cao F., Gu F., Hanakawa Y., Hashimoto K., Sakanaka M. Ramified microglial cells promote astrogliogenesis and maintenance of neural stem cells through activation of Stat3 function. FASEB J 2008, 22:3866-3877.
    • (2008) FASEB J , vol.22 , pp. 3866-3877
    • Zhu, P.1    Hata, R.2    Cao, F.3    Gu, F.4    Hanakawa, Y.5    Hashimoto, K.6    Sakanaka, M.7
  • 54
    • 0032926018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of microglia on embryonic dopaminergic neuronal survival in vitro: diffusible signals from neurons and glia change microglia from neurotoxic to neuroprotective
    • Zietlow R., Dunnett S.B., Fawcett J.W. The effect of microglia on embryonic dopaminergic neuronal survival in vitro: diffusible signals from neurons and glia change microglia from neurotoxic to neuroprotective. Eur J Neurosci 1999, 11:1657-1667.
    • (1999) Eur J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 1657-1667
    • Zietlow, R.1    Dunnett, S.B.2    Fawcett, J.W.3
  • 55
    • 33748358798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergy between immune cells and adult neural stem/progenitor cells promotes functional recovery from spinal cord injury
    • Ziv Y., Avidan H., Pluchino S., Martino G., Schwartz M. Synergy between immune cells and adult neural stem/progenitor cells promotes functional recovery from spinal cord injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006, 103:13174-13179.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.103 , pp. 13174-13179
    • Ziv, Y.1    Avidan, H.2    Pluchino, S.3    Martino, G.4    Schwartz, M.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.