Fundamental efficiency of nanothermophones: Modeling and experiments

Nano Letters

Volumn 10, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 5020-5024

  Vesterinen, V ^a   Niskanen, A O ^a,b   Hassel, J ^a   Helisto P ^a  

^a VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND   (Finland)

^b NOKIA RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

acoustic efficiency; frequency response; sound generation; suspended metal wire; Thermoacoustic; ultrasound

Indexed keywords

ABSORBING SUBSTRATES; HEAT CAPACITIES; HIGH FREQUENCY; LOW FREQUENCY; NANO SCALE; ORDER OF MAGNITUDE; SCALING DOWN; SOUND GENERATION; SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL; SOUND SOURCE; SUSPENDED ARRAYS; SUSPENDED METAL WIRE; THERMOACOUSTICS; ULTRASOUND;

ACOUSTIC GENERATORS; EXPERIMENTS; FREQUENCY RESPONSE; GREEN'S FUNCTION; NANOWIRES; SPECIFIC HEAT; ULTRASONICS; WIRE;

ENERGY EFFICIENCY;

EID: 78650168626     PISSN: 15306984     EISSN: 15306992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nl1031869     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Xiao, L.; Chen, Z.; Feng, C.; Liu, L.; Bai, Z.-Q.; Wang, Y.; Qian, L.; Zhang, Y.; Li, Q.; Jiang, K.; Fan, S. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 4539-4545
2. Kozlov, M. E.; Haines, C. S.; Oh, J.; Lima, M. D.; Fang, S. J. Appl. Phys. 2009, 106, 124311
3. Aliev, A. E.; Lima, M. D.; Fang, S.; Baughman, R. H. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 2374-2380
4. Niskanen, A. O.; Hassel, J.; Tikander, M.; Maijala, P.; Grönberg, L.; Helistö, P. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95, 163102
5. Venkatasubramanian, R. Nature 2010, 463, 619
6. Arnold, H. D.; Crandall, I. B. Phys. Rev. 1917, 10, 22-38
7. Shinoda, H.; Nakajima, T.; Ueno, K.; Koshida, N. Nature 1999, 400, 853-854
8. Morse, P. M.; Ingard, K. U. Theoretical Acoustics; McGraw-Hill: New York, 1968.
9. McDonald, F. A.; Wetsel, G. C., Jr. J. Appl. Phys. 1978, 49, 2313-2322
10. Springer Handbook of Acoustics; Rossing, T. D., Ed.; Springer: New York, 2007; Chapter 3.
11. Boullosa, R. R.; Santillan, A. O. Acta Acust. Acust. 2004, 90, 277-284
12. Hu, H.; Zhu, T.; Xu, J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 96, 214101
13. Ochmann, M. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2004, 116, 3304-3311
14. Ochmann, M.; Brick, H. In Computational Acoustics of Noise Propagation in Fluids-Finite and Boundary Element Methods; Marburg, S.; Nolte, B., Eds.; Springer: New York, 2008; Chapter 17.
15. Stan, G.-B.; Embrechts, J.-J.; Archambeau, D. J. Audio Eng. Soc. 2002, 50, 249-262
16. Tu, J.; Guan, H.; Liu, C. Computational Fluid Dynamics-A Practical Approach; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2008; Chapter 4.
17. Within 30 nm Al structures a macroscopic picture of heat conduction (Wiedemann-Franz law) should be sufficient. Sinusoidal heat flux from wires to supporting crossbars can be assumed negligible.
18. Blackstock, D. T. Fundamentals of physical acoustics; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: New York, 2000; Chapter 13.
19. Baehr, H. D.; Stephan, K. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2nd ed.; Springer: New York and Berlin, 2006; Chapter 2.
20. Deeper etching in the fabrication process may be technologically feasible; suspension should be made higher than the thermal wavelengths of interest.