Botulinum toxin A: Is it really that fragile a molecule?

Dermatologic Surgery

Volumn 36, Issue SUPPL. 4, 2010, Pages 2106-2110

  Shome, Debraj ^a   Nair, Akshay G ^b   Kapoor, Rinky ^a   Jain, Vandana ^c  

^a APOLLO HOSPITAL   (India)

^b MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION   (India)

^c ADITYA JYOT EYE HOSPITAL PVT LTD   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN A;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG POTENCY; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALS; BOTULINUM TOXINS, TYPE A; CHEMISTRY, PHARMACEUTICAL; DRUG STABILITY; DRUG STORAGE; FEMALE; INJECTIONS, INTRAPERITONEAL; MICE; NEUROMUSCULAR AGENTS;

EID: 78650153356     PISSN: 10760512     EISSN: 15244725     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01702.x     Document Type: Article

References (11)

1. Botox (OnabotulinumtoxinA) cosmetic (botulinum toxin type A) purified neurotoxin complex [package insert]. Irvine, CA: Allergan, Inc.
2. Beedetto AV., The cosmetic uses of botulinum toxin type A. Int J Dermatol 1999; 38: 641-55.
3. Trindade De Almeida AR, Kadunc BV, Di Chiacchio N, Neto DR., Foam during reconstitution does not affect the potency of botulinum toxin type A. Dermatol Surg 2003; 29: 530-2.
4. Kazim NA, Black EH., Botox (OnabotulinumtoxinA): shaken, not stirred. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2008; 24: 10-2.
5. Hexsel DM, De Almeida AT, Rutowitsch M, et al,. Multicenter, double-blind study of the efficacy of injections with botulinum toxin type A reconstituted up to six consecutive weeks before application. Dermatol Surg 2003; 29: 523-9.
6. Yang GC, Chiu RJ, Gillman GS., Questioning the need to use Botox (OnabotulinumtoxinA) within 4 hours of reconstitution: a study of fresh vs 2-week-old Botox (OnabotulinumtoxinA). Arch Facial Plast Surg 2008; 10: 273-9.
7. Sloop RR, Cole BA, Escutin RO., Reconstituted botulinum toxin type A does not lose potency in humans if it is refrozen or refrigerated for 2 weeks before use. Neurology 1997; 48: 249-53.
8. Alam M, Dover JS, Arndt KA., Pain associated with injection of botulinum A exotoxin reconstituted using isotonic sodium chloride with and without preservative: a double blind, randomized controlled trial. Arch Dermatol 2002; 138: 510-4.
9. Garcia A, Fulton JE Jr., Cosmetic denervation of the muscles of facial expression with botulinum toxin. A dose-response study. Dermatol Surg 1996; 22: 39-43.
10. Hui JI, Lee WW., Efficacy of fresh versus refrigerated botulinum toxin in the treatment of lateral periorbital rhytids. Opthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 23: 433-8.
11. Parsa AA, Lye KD, Parsa FD., Reconstituted Botulinum Type A Neurotoxin: clinical efficacy after long-term freezing before use. Aesth Plast Surg 2007; 31: 188-91.