On fact and fraud: Cautionary tales from the front lines of science

On fact and fraud: Cautionary tales from the front lines of science

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-168

  Goodstein, David ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 78650132717     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (55)

1. Richard P. Feynman, Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! (New York: W.W. Norton, 1985), p. 343: "I'm talking about a specific, extra type of integrity that is not lying, but bending over backwards to show how you're maybe wrong, that you ought to have when acting as a scientist. And this is our responsibility as scientists, certainly to other scientists, and I think to laymen."
2. Peter Urbach, Francis Bacon's Philosophy of Science: An Account and a Reappraisal (La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1987). Urbach argues that Bacon's views about method were actually much more sophisticated.
3. Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery (New York: Routledge, 2nd edition, 2002).
4. Feynman, Surely You're Joking, p. 341.
5. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, "Responsibilities of Awardee and Applicant Institutions for Dealing with and Reporting Possible Misconduct in Science," Federal Register 54:32446-51 (1989).
6. Jonathan R. Cole and Stephen Cole, "The Ortega Hypothesis," Science 178:4059, 368-75 (1972).
7. Robert K. Merton, "The Matthew Effect in Science," Science 159:3810, 56-63 (1968).
8. For a biography of Millikan, see The Rise of Robert Millikan, by Robert H. Kargon (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1982).
9. The discovery of the electron is described in J. J. Thomson, The Corpuscular Theory of Matter (1907) (Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2008).
10. Earnest C. Watson, unpublished lecture, remarks at the dedication of Millikan Laboratory, Pomona College. Caltech Archives, Watson papers, box 3.12.
11. Harvey Fletcher, "My Work with Millikan on the Oil-Drop Experiment," Physics Today, June 1982, p. 43.
12. C. Ian Jackson, Honor in Science (Sigma Xi, 1984), p.12. The new version is The Responsible Researcher: Paths and Pitfalls, by John F. Ahearn (Sigma Xi, 1999).
13. Charles Babbage, Reflections on the Decline of Science in England and on Some of Its Causes (Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2004).
14. R. A. Millikan, "On the Elementary Electrical Charge and the Avogadro Constant," Phys. Rev. 2:2, 109-43 (1913).
15. Caltech Archives, "Oil-Drop Experiment," 1911-12, Robert Andrews Millikan Collection, boxes 3.3 and 3.4.
16. Allan Franklin, "Millikan's Published and Unpublished Data on Oil Drops," Hist. Studies in the Phys. Sci. 11, 185-201 (1981).
17. Gerald Holton, "Subelectrons, Presuppositions, and the Millikan-Ehrenhaft Dispute," Hist. Studies in the Phys. Sci. 9, 166-224 (1978).
18. Millikan, The Electron: Its Isolation and Measurements and the Determination of Some of Its Properties (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1917).
19. Margaret W. Rossiter, Women Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies to 1940 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982), p. 192.
20. Judith R. Goodstein, Millikan's School (New York: W.W. Norton, 1991), p. 97.
21. For an overview of this case, see Leslie Roberts, "Misconduct: Caltech's Trial by Fire," Science 253:5026, 1344-47 (1991).Reprinted in Deni Elliott and Judy E. Stern, eds., Research Ethics: A Reader (Hanover, NH: Institute for the Study of Applied andProfessional Ethics at Dartmouth College, 1997).
22. Roberts, "Misconduct: Caltech's Trial by Fire," p. 1344.
23. Vipin Kumar, letter to Science, 254:5035, 1090 (1991).
24. Eli Sercarz, letter to Science, 254:5035, 1090 (1991).
25. Office of Research Integrity, Annual Report, 1996 Highlights, p. 47.
26. J. L. Urban, S. J. Horvath, and L. Hood, Cell 59: 257-71 (1989).
27. Office of Inspector General, Semiannual Report to the Congress, No. 2, October 1, 1989-March 31, 1990, NSF, p. 20.
28. Suzanne Hadley, Muriel Jeannette Whitehill Lecture Series in Biomedical Ethics at UC, San Diego, October 17, 1991.
29. Sources that provide a range of perspectives on the Baltimore and Gallo cases include Daniel J. Kevles, The Baltimore Case: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998);
30. Horace Freeland Judson, The Great Betrayal: Fraud in Science (San Diego, CA: Harcourt, 2004);
31. Robert C. Gallo, Virus Hunting: AIDS, Cancer, and the Human Retrovirus: A Story of Scientific Discovery (New York: Basic Books, 1991);
32. John Crewdson, Science Fictions: A Scientific Mystery, a Massive Cover-Up and the Dark Legacy of Robert Gallo (Boston: Little, Brown, 2002).
33. David Weaver et al., "Altered Repertoire of Endogenous Immunoglobulin Gene Expression in Transgenic Mice Containing a Rearranged Mu Heavy Chain Gene," Cell 45:2, 247-59 (1986).
34. Draft report, "Comprehensive Review of Dr. Robert Gallo's 1983-84 HIV Research, OSI 89-67," 1991.
35. "Misconduct in Science and Engineering Research: Final Rule," Federal Register 56:93, 22287-90 (1991).
36. "Federal Research Misconduct Policy," Federal Register 65:235, 76260-4 (2000).
37. Irving Langmuir, "Pathological Science," Physics Today, vol. 42, October, pp. 36-48 (1989).
38. Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons, "Electrochemically Induced Nuclear Fusion of Deuterium," Jour. Electroanalytical Chem. 261:2, 301-8 (1989).
39. See, for example, Christopher Joyce, "Physics Community Strikes Back in Debate over Cold Fusion," New Scientist, May 6, 1989;
40. Malcolm W. Browne, "Physicists Debunk Claim of a New Kind of Fusion," New York Times, May 3, 1989.
41. Marlise Simons, "Italian Researchers Report Achieving Nuclear Fusion," New York Times, Apr. 19, 1989.
42. J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Müller, "Possible HighTc Superconductivity in the Ba-La-Cu-O System," Zeit. für Physik B 64:2,189-93 (1986).
43. Rudolf L. Mössbauer, "Kernresonanzfluoreszenz von Gammastrahlung in Ir191," Zeit. für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei 151:2, 124-43 (1958).
44. Jan Hendrik Schön et al., "Field-Effect Modulation of the Conductance of Single Molecules," Science 294:5549, 2138-40 (2001).
45. Malcolm R. Beasley et al., "Report of the Investigation Committee on the Possibility of Scientific Misconduct in the Work of Hendrik Schön and Co-authors," September 2002, Bell Labs.
46. V. Ninov et al., "Observation of Superheavy Nuclei Produced in the Reaction of 86Kr with 208Pb," Phys. Rev. Lett. 83:6,1104-7 (1999).
47. Rochus Vogt et al., "Report of the Committee on the Formal Investigation of Alleged Scientific Misconduct by LBNL Staff Scientist Dr. Victor Ninov," March 27, 2002.
48. Bertram Schwarzschild, "Lawrence Berkeley Lab Concludes that Evidence of Element 118 was a Fabrication," Physics Today, 55:9, 15-17 (2002).
49. Charles Seife, "Heavy-Element Fizzle Laid to Falsified Data," Science 297:5580, 313-15 (2002).
50. J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Müller, "Possible HighTc Superconductivity in the Ba-La-Cu-O System," Zeit. fur Physik B 64:2, 189-93 (1986).
51. James Gleick, "Discoveries Bring a 'Woodstock for Physics,'s" New York Times, March 20, 1987.
52. Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes, "The Superconductivity of Mercury," Comm. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden, nos. 122 and 124 (1911).
53. M. K. Wu et al., "Superconductivity at 93K in a New Mixed-Phase Y-Ba-Cu-O Compound System at Ambient Pressure," Phys. Rev. Lett., 58:9, 908-10 (1987).
54. See, for example, P. Dai et al., "Synthesis and Neutron Powder Diffraction Study of the Superconductor HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+d by Tl Substitution," Physica C:Superconductivity 243:3-4, 201-6 (1995) doi:10.1016/0921-4534(94)02461-8
55. L. Gao et al., "Superconductivity up to 164 K in HgBa2Cam-1CumO2m+2+d (m = 1, 2, and 3) under Quasihydrostatic Pressures," Phys. Rev. B 50:6, 4260-63 (1994) doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.4260.