Variegated roots :The foundations of stepping

African American Fraternities and Sororities: The Legacy and the Vision

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 315-340

  Branch, Carol D ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 78650114365     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (49)

1. Jacqui Malone, Steppin' on the Blues: The Visible Rhythms of African American Dance (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996
2. Elizabeth C. Fine, Soulstepping: African American Step Shows (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003), 118.
3. J. H. Kwabena Nketia, The Music of Africa (New York: W. W. Norton, 1974
4. Portia Maultsby, "Africanisms in African American Music," in Africanisms in African American Culture, ed. Joseph E. Halloway (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990
5. Christopher Small, Music of the Common Tongue (London: Calder, 1987
6. Eileen Southern, The Music of Black Americans: A History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1983
7. Nketia, Music of Africa, 21.
8. Small, Music of the Common Tongue, 29.
9. Phi Beta Sigma, "History of Stepping," May 30, 2000, at http://www. inetport.com/~sean/pbs.html.
10. Fine, Soulstepping, 77.
11. Malone, Steppin' on the Blues, 190.
12. Robert Ferris Thompson, Face of the Gods: Art and Altars of Africa and the African Americas (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1993), 56.
13. University of Nebraska, "Scarlet Arts," May 27, 2003, at http://www.unl.edu/scarlet/v10n33/v10n33arts.html.
14. Carol Muller and Janet Topp Fargion, "Gumboots, Bhaca Migrants, and Fred Astaire: South African Worker Dance and Musical Style," African Music 7, no. 4 (1999): 88-109.
15. Step Afrika! is a dance ensemble based in Washington, D.C. It melds the traditions of stepping; tap; South African dances, including Zulu and gum boot; and modern, hip-hop, house, and freestyle dancing. Further information can be obtained from the Step Afrika! Web site: http://www.stepafrika.org.
16. Fine, Soulstepping, 78, 92.
17. Field video of UCLA yard show, 1997.
18. Fine, Soulstepping, 117-19.
19. Malone, Steppin' on the Blues, 247.
20. W. E. B. DuBois, The Negro Family (1908
21. Maultsby, "Africanisms in African Music," 193.
22. Maracella Lynn McCoy, "African American Fraternities and Sororities and African Communities: Cultural Parallels among Selected Public Rituals" (PhD diss., Bowling Green State University, 1998), 85.
23. Fine, Soulstepping, 18.
24. McCoy, "African American Fraternities and Sororities," 82.
25. Fine, Soulstepping, 81.
26. Samuel A. Floyd, The Power of Black Music: Interpreting the History from Africa to the United States (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 21.
27. Nketia, Music of Africa, 213, 225, 228.
28. McCoy, "African American Fraternities and Sororities," 86.
29. Thompson, Face of the Gods, 41.
30. Malone, Steppin' on the Blues, 34.
31. Small, Music of the Common Tongue, 97.
32. John S. Roberts, Black Music of Two Worlds (London: Allen Lane, 1973), 39.
33. Reginald Love III, interview with the author, 2000.
34. Lewis L. Paine, Six Years in a Georgia Prison (New York: n.p., 1851), 127
35. Southern, Music of Black America, 182.
36. Gerhard Kubik, Angolan Traits in Black Music, Games and Dances of Brazil : A Study of African Cultural Extensions Overseas (Lisboa: Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar, 1979), 49-50.
37. McCoy, "African American Fraternities and Sororities," 89.
38. Hayward Farrar, "The African Roots of Stepping" (paper presented at the Fifth Congress of the Americas, Puebla, Mexico, October 18-20, 2001), 4, available at http://www.ipsonet.org/congress/5/papers.html.
39. Shannon Rawls, interview with the author, 2000.
40. Love interview.
41. Malone, Steppin' on the Blues, 186.
42. Fine, Soulstepping, 57.
43. Malone, Steppin' on the Blues, 185-86
44. Fine, Soulstepping, 57.
45. Langston Hughes, "Jokes Black People Tell Themselves," in Mother Wit from the Laughing Barrel, ed. Alan Dundes (Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1990), 641.
46. McCoy, "African American Fraternities and Sororities," 84.
47. Geneva Smitherman, Black Talk: Words and Phrases from the Hood to the Amen Corner (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1994), 25.
48. Don "Campbellock" Campbell is the former Soultrain dancer and stripper who sparked the dance craze of locking in the 1970s, paving the way for break dancing. R. J. Smith, "Lock, Pop, and Quarrel," Vibe (September 1998): 267-68.
49. Malone, Steppin' on the Blues, 204.