A meta-analysis of the cross-cultural psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED)

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 80-90

  Hale, William W ^a   Crocetti, Elisabetta ^b   Raaijmakers, Quinten A W ^a   Meeus, Wim H J ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MACERATA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Adolescents; anxiety; children; cross cultural; meta analysis; SCARED

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHINA; CULTURAL FACTOR; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; EMOTION; ETHNOLOGY; EUROPE; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOMETRY; SOUTH AFRICA; UNITED STATES;

ANXIETY DISORDERS; CHILD; CHINA; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; EMOTIONS; EUROPE; HUMANS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOMETRICS; SOUTH AFRICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 78650100148     PISSN: 00219630     EISSN: 14697610     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02285.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
2. Birmaher, B., Brent, D.A., Chiappetta, L., Bridge, J., Monga, S., &, Baugher, M., (1999). Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): A replication study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1230-1236.
3. Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., &, Neer, S. M., (1997). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 545-553.
4. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L.V., Higgins, J.P.T., &, Rothstein, H.R., (2008). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2.2.048) [Computer software]. Englewood, NJ: Biostat.
5. Bosquet, M., &, Egeland, B., (2006). The development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms from infancy through adolescence in a longitudinal sample. Developmental Psychopathology, 18, 517-550.
6. Boyd, R.C., Ginsburg, G.S., Lambert, S.F., Cooley, M.R., &, Campbell, K.D.M., (2003). Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Psychometric properties in an African American parochial high school sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1188-1196.
7. Byrne, B.M., (2001). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
8. Cohen, J., (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York: Academic Press.
9. Cohen, P., Cohen, J., Kasen, S., Velez, C.N., Hartmark, C., Johnson, J., Rojas, M., Brooks, J., &, Streuning, E.L., (1993). An epidemiological study of disorders in late childhood and adolescence: I. Age and gender specific prevalence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 851-867. (Pubitemid 23266095)
10. Crocetti, E., Hale, W.W. III, Fermani, A., Raaijmakers, Q., &, Meeus, W., (2009). Psychometric Properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in the general Italian adolescent population: A validation and a comparison between Italy and The Netherlands. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 824-829.
11. Dong, Q., Yang, B., &, Ollendich, T.H., (1994). Fears in Chinese children and adolescents and their relations to anxiety and depression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 351-363.
12. Duval, S., &, Tweedie, R., (2000). A nonparametric 'trim and fill' method of accounting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 95, 89-98.
13. Essau, C.A., Leung, P.W.L., Conradt, J., Cheng, H., &, Wong, T., (2008). Anxiety symptoms in Chinese and German adolescents: Their relationship with early learning experiences, perfectionism, and learning motivation. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 801-810.
14. Essau, C.A., Muris, P., &, Ederer, E.M., (2002). Reliability and validity of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders in German children. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 33, 1-18.
15. Fremont, W.P., (2003). School refusal in children and adolescents. American Family Physician, 68, 1555-1560.
16. Gliner, J.A., Morgan, G.A., &, Harmon, R.J., (2003). Meta-analysis: Formulation and interpretation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1376-1379.
17. Gullone, E., (2000). The development of normal fear: A century of research. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 429-451.
18. Hale, W.W. III, Engels, R., &, Meeus, W., (2006). Adolescents' perceptions of parenting behaviours and its relationship to adolescent generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 407-417.
19. Hale, W.W. III, Raaijmakers, Q., Muris, P., &, Meeus, W., (2005). Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in the general adolescent population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 283-290.
20. Hale, W.W. III, Raaijmakers, Q., Muris, P., Van Hoof, A., &, Meeus, W., (2008). Developmental trajectories of adolescent anxiety disorder symptoms: A 5-year prospective community study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 556-564.
21. Li, H., Ang, R.P., &, Lee, J., (2008). Anxieties in mainland Chinese and Singapore Chinese adolescents in comparison with the American norm. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 583-594.
22. Lipsey, M.W., &, Wilson, D.B., (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
23. March, J.S., Parker, J.D., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., &, Conners, C.K., (1997). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 554-565.
24. Monga, S., Birmaher, B., Chiappetta, L., Brent, D., Kaufman, J., Bridge, J., &, Culley, M., (2000). Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Convergent and divergent validity. Depression and Anxiety, 12, 85-91.
25. Muris, P., Dreessen, L., Bögels, S., Weckx, M., &, Van Melick, M., (2004). A questionnaire for screening a broad range of DSM-defined anxiety disorder symptoms in clinically referred children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 813-820.
26. Muris, P., Gadet, B., Moulaert, V., &, Merckelbach, H., (1998). Correlations between two multidimensional anxiety scales for children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 87, 269-270.
27. Muris, P., Loxton, H., Neumann, A., Du Plessis, M., King, N., &, Ollendick, T., (2006). DSM-defined anxiety disorders symptoms in South African youths: Their assessment and relationship with perceived parental rearing behaviors. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 883-896.
28. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Van Brakel, A., &, Mayer, B., (1999b). The revised version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED-R): Further evidence for its reliability and validity. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 12, 411-425.
29. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Van Brakel, A., Mayer, B., &, Van Dongen, L., (1998b). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Relationship with anxiety and depression in normal children. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 451-456. (Pubitemid 128176229)
30. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Kindt, M., Bögels, S., Dreessen, L., Van Dorp, C., Habets, A., Rosmuller, S., &, Snieder, N., (2001a). The utility of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) as a tool for identifying children at high risk for prevalent anxiety disorders. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 14, 265-283.
31. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Mayer, B., Van Brakel, A., Thissen, S., Moulaert, V., &, Gadet, B., (1998a). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and traditional childhood anxiety measures. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 29, 327-339. (Pubitemid 29054428)
32. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Mayer, B., &, Prins, E., (2000). How serious are common childhood fears? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 217-228.
33. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Ollendick, T., King, N., &, Bogie, N., (2002a). Three traditional and three new childhood anxiety questionnaires: Their reliability and validity in a normal adolescent sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 753-772.
34. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Schmidt, H., &, Mayer, B., (1999a). The revised version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED-R): Factor structure in normal children. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 99-112.
35. Muris, P., Schmidt, H., Engelbrecht, P., &, Perold, M., (2002b). DSM-IV-defined anxiety disorder symptoms in South African children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 1360-1368.
36. Muris, P., &, Steerneman, P., (2001b). The Revised version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED-R): First evidence for its reliability and validity in a clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 35-44.
37. Myers, K., &, Winters, N.C., (2002). Ten-year review of rating scales. II: Scales for internalizing disorders Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 634-659. (Pubitemid 38338109)
38. Ogliari, A., Citterio, A., Zanoni, A., Fagnani, C., Patriarca, V., Cirrincione, R., Stazi, M.A., &, Battaglia, M., (2006). Genetic and environmental influences on anxiety dimensions in Italian twins evaluated with the SCARED questionnaire. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 760-777.
39. Ollendick, T.H., &, King, N.J., (1994). Fears and their level of inference in adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 635-638.
40. Rapee, R.M., (1991). Generalized anxiety disorder: A review of clinical features and theoretic concepts. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 419-440.
41. Rapee, R.M., (2001). The development of generalized anxiety. In, M.W. Vasey, &, M.R. Dadds, (Eds), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 481-503). London: Oxford University Press.
42. Rodriguez, M.C., &, Maeda, Y., (2006). Meta-analysis of coefficient alpha. Psychological Methods, 11, 306-322.
43. Rosenthal, R., (1979). The 'file drawer problem' and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 638-641.
44. Rothstein, H.R., Sutton, A.J., &, Borenstein, M., (2005). Publication bias in meta-analysis. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
45. Seligman, L.D., Ollendick, T.H., Langley, A.K., &, Bechtoldt-Baldacci, H., (2004). The utility of measures of child and adolescent anxiety: A meta-analytic review of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, and the Child Behavior Checklist. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 557-565.
46. Su, L., Wang, K., Fan, F., Su, Y., &, Gao, X., (2008). Reliability and validity of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in Chinese children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 612-621.
47. Varela, R.E., Sanchez-Sosa, J.J., Biggs, B.K., &, Luis, T.M., (2008). Anxiety symptoms and fears in Hispanic and European American children: Cross-cultural measurement equivalence. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavior Assessment, 30, 132-145.
48. Wang, K., Su, L., Zhu, Y., Qu, J., Yang, Z., &, Zhang, J., (2002). Chinese urban norms of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10, 270-272.
49. Wren, F.J., Bridge, J.A., &, Birmaher, B., (2004). Screening for childhood anxiety symptoms in primary care: Integrating child and parent reports. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 1364-1371.
50. Wren, F.J., Berg, E.A., Heiden, L.A., Kinnamon, C.J., Ohlson, L.A., Bridge, J.A., Birmaher, B., &, Bernal, M.P., (2007). Childhood anxiety in a diverse primary care population: Parent-child reports, ethnicity and SCARED factor structure. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 332-340.