Assessing the degradation effects of local residents on urban forests in ontario, Canada

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry

Volumn 36, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 253-260

  McWilliam, Wendy ^a   Eagles, Paul ^b   Seasons, Mark ^b   Brown, Robert ^c  

^a McWilliam Environmental Planning and Design   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Adjacent land use; Green infrastructure; Greenspaces; Planning and management; Residential encroacnment; Urban forest ecosystems; Urban forest edges

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; FOREST EDGE; GREENSPACE; LAND USE; LOCAL GOVERNMENT; URBAN FORESTRY;

CANADA; ONTARIO [CANADA];

EID: 78650085421     PISSN: 02785226     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Braun-Blanquet, J. 1932. Plant Sociology: the Study of Plant Communities. McGraw-Hill, New York.
2. Brown, R.D., and T.J. Gillespie. 1995. Microclimatic Landscape Design. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
3. Cole, D.N. 1987. Effects of three seasons of experimental trampling on five montane forest communities and a grassland in western Montana, USA. Biological Conservation 40:219-244.
4. Cole, D. N., and J.L. Marion 1988. Recreation impacts in some riparian forests of the eastern United States. Environmental Management 12:99-107.
5. Cole, D.N. 2003. Backcountry impact management: lessons from research. Trends 31(3): 10-14.
6. Correll, D.L. 1999. Vegetated stream riparian zones: their effects on stream nutrients, sediments and toxic substances. Report of Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. Maryland, USA. Accessed October 18, 2002.
7. Florgard, C. 2000. Long-term changes in indigenous vegetation preserved in urban areas. Landscape and Urban Planning 52:101-116. (Pubitemid 32103115)
8. Friesen, L.E., P.F.J. Eagles, and R.J. MacKay. 1995. Effect of residential development on forest-dwelling neotropical migrant songbirds. Conservation Biology 9(6): 1408-1414. (Pubitemid 3018333)
9. Jokimaki, J., and E. Huhta. 2000. Artificial nest prédation and abundance of birds along an urban gradient. Condor 102(4):838-847.
10. Kaplan, S. 1995. The urban forest as a source of psychological well-being, In: G.A. Bradley (Ed.). Urban Forest Landscapes: Integrating Multidisciplinary Perspectives. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
11. Kent, M., and P. Coker. 1992. The description of vegetation in the field, pp. 20-38. In: Vegetation Description and Analysis: A Practical Approach. Belhaven Press, London.
12. Kuss, F.R. 1986. A review of major factors influencing plant responses to recreation impacts. Environmental Management 10:637-650.
13. Kuss, F.R., and C.N. Hall. 1991. Ground flora trampling studies: five years after closure. Environmental Management 15:715-727.
14. Lynn, N., and R.D. Brown. 2003. Effects of recreational use impacts on hiking experiences in natural areas. Landscape and Urban Planning 64:77-87. (Pubitemid 36568076)
15. Malmivaara-Lamsa, M., and H. Fritze. 2003. Effects of wear and above ground forest site type characteristics on the soil microbial community structure in an urban setting. Plant and Soil 256:187-203. (Pubitemid 37435511)
16. Matlack, G.R. 1993. Sociological edge effects: spatial distribution of human impact in suburban forest fragments. Environmental Management 17:829-835.
17. McWilliam, W.J. 2009. The Housing/Forest Interface: Structural Approaches for Protecting Suburban Natural Areas Post Development. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller, Saarbrücken, Germany.
18. McWilliam, W.J., P. Eagles, M. Seasons, and R. Brown. 2010. The housing/forest interface: testing structural approaches for protecting suburban natural systems following development. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 9:149-159.
19. Murphy, S.D. 2006. Why micro-scale urban ecology matters, pp. 379392. In: T. Bunting and P. Filion (Eds.). Canadian Cities in Transition: From the Local to the Global, 3rd. Edition. Oxford University Press, Don Mills, Ontario.
20. Nowak, D.J., and D.E. Crane. 2002. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environmental Pollution 116:381-389. (Pubitemid 33095084)
21. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 2002. Natural resources and values information system (computer file). Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto, Ontario.
22. Schonewald-Cox, C.M. 1988. Boundaries in the protection of nature reserves. Bioscience 38(7):480-486.
23. Scott, K. I., J.R. Simpson, and E.G. McPherson. 1999. Effects of tree cover on parking lot microclimate and vehicle emissions, Journal of Arboriculture 25(3): 129-142.
24. Taylor, G. 1992. A study of encroachment into and around selected urban ESPAs. Region of Waterloo Ecological and Environmental Advisory Committee. Region of Waterloo.