The Essential Nature of Sharing in Science

Science and Engineering Ethics

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 783-799

  Fischer, Beth A ^a   Zigmond, Michael J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Ethics; Publication; Research article; Responsible conduct; Sharing

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COOPERATION; ECONOMICS; MASS COMMUNICATION; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; RESEARCH; RESEARCH ETHICS; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR;

COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR; DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION; ETHICS, RESEARCH; OWNERSHIP; RESEARCH; SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY;

EID: 78650044248     PISSN: 13533452     EISSN: 16605454     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11948-010-9239-x     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Addiction (2007). Guidelines for authors on acceptable materials for submission. www. blackwellpublishing. com/bauthor/suppmat. asp. Accession 9 July 2007.
2. American Physiological Society (2007). Instructions for preparing your manuscript. http://www. the-aps. org/publications/i4a/prep_manuscript. htm. Accession 9 July 2007.
3. American Type Culture Collection (2007). About ATCC. http://www. atcc. org/About/AboutATCC. cfm#mission. Accession 10 July 2007.
4. Archaeology Data Services (2007). About the ADS. http://ads. ahds. ac. uk/project/about. html. Accession 10 July 2007.
5. Ball, C. A., Sherlock, G., & Brazma, A. (2004). Funding high-throughput data sharing. Nature Biotechnology, 22, 1179-1183.
6. Bok, S. (1982). Secrecy and openness in science: Ethical considerations. Science, Technology, and Human Values, 7, 32-41.
7. Boorstein, D. J. (1983). The discoverers (p. 1983). NY: Random House.
8. Brookhaven Laboratories (2007). RCSB protein data bank. http://www. rcsb. org/pdb/home/home. do. Accession 10 July 2007.
9. Campbell, E. G., Clarridge, B. R., Gokhale, M., Birenbaum, L., Hilgartner, S., Holtzman, N. A., et al. (2002). Data withholding in academic genetics: Evidence from a national survey. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287, 473-480.
10. Ceci, S. J. (1998). Scientists' attitudes toward sharing data. Science, Technology, and Human Values, 13, 45-52.
11. Ceci, S. J., & Walker, E. (1983). Private archives and public needs. American Psychologist, 38, 414-423.
12. Chicurel, M. (2000). Databasing the brain. Nature, 406, 822-825.
13. Day, R. A. (1979). How to write and publish a scientific paper. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press.
14. Federal Register. (1999). Principles and guidelines for recipients of NIH research grants and contracts on obtaining and disseminating biomedical research resources: Final notice. Federal Register, 64, 72090-72096.
15. Flournoy, N., & Hearne, L. B. (1990). Sharing scientific data III: Planning and the research proposal. IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research, 12, 6-9.
16. Genbank (2005). What is GenBank? http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/Genbank/. Accession 10 July 2007.
17. Genes, Brain and Behavior (2007). Guidelines for authors on acceptable materials for submission. http://www. blackwellpublishing. com/bauthor/suppmat. asp Accession 9 July 2007.
18. Governing Council of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping. (2001). Neuroimaging databases. Science, 292, 1673-1676.
19. Hedrick, T. E. (1998). Justifications for the sharing of social science data. Law and Human Behavior, 12, 163-171.
20. Jackson Laboratories (2007). JAX services information. http://jaxmice. jax. org/. Accession 10 July 2007.
21. Journal of Biological Chemistry (2007). Instructions for authors. http://www. jbc. org/misc/ifora. shtml. Accession 2 April 2007.
22. Kilo, C., Miller, J. P., & Williamson, J. R. (1980). The achilles heel of the University Group Diabetes Program. Journal of the American Medical Association, 243, 450-457.
23. Koyre, A. (1952). An unpublished letter of Robert Hooke to Isaac Newton. Isis, 43, 312-337.
24. Merton, R. K. (1957). Priorities in scientific discovery: A chapter in the sociology of science. American Sociological Journal, 22, 635-659.
25. Merton, R. K. (1961). Singletons and multiples in scientific discovery: A chapter in the sociology of science. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 105, 470-486.
26. Merton, R. K. (1973). The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations. Chicago: University of Chicago.
27. NASA/IPAC (2007). Infrared images science archive: What is IRSA? http://irsa. ipac. caltech. edu/about. html. Accession 10 July 2007.
28. National Institutes of Health, Data Sharing Workbook (2004). http//grants1. nih. gov/grants/policy/data_sharing/data_sharing_workbook. pdf.
29. National Research Council. (2003). Sharing publication-related data and materials: Responsibilities of authorship in the life sciences. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
30. National Research Council. (2004). Seeking security: Pathogens, open access, and genome databases. Washington, DC: National Academies.
31. National Science Board (2006). Science and Engineering Indicators, 2006 vol. 1. (NSB 06-01), National Science Foundation: Arlington, VA.
32. National Science Foundation (2001). General Grant Conditions (GC-1). http://www. nsf. gov/pubs/2001/gc101/gc101rev1. pdf.
33. National Science and Technology Council (2000). Ensuring a strong U. S. scientific, technical, and engineering workforce in the 21st century. http://www. ostp. gov/html/workforcerpt. pdf.
34. Nature Neuroscience. (2000). A debate over fMRI sharing. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 845-846.
35. Piwowar, H. A., Day, R. S., & Fridsma, D. B. (2007). Sharing detailed research data is associated with increased citation rate. PLoS One, 2, e308.
36. PNAS (2006). PNAS information for authors. PNAS, 103, i-iv.
37. Rogers, F. (2004). Sharing. http://pbskids. org/rogers/parentsteachers/theme/1711. html. Accession 9 July 2007.
38. Royal Academy of Sciences (2010). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences. http://www. pubs. royalsoc. ac. uk/index. cfm?page=1000. Accession 9 July 2007.
39. Santos, C., Blake, J., & States, D. J. (2005). Supplementary data need to be kept in public repositories. Nature, 438, 738.
40. Science (2007). Information for authors: Preparing your online supporting materials. http://www. sciencemag. org/about/authors/prep/prep_online. dtl. Accession 2 April 2007.
41. Shekerjian, D. (1991). Uncommon genius: How great ideas are born. New York: Penguin Books.
42. Sieber, J. E. (1989). Sharing scientific data I: New problems for IRBs. IRB: A review of Human Subjects Research, 11, 4-7.
43. Sieber, J. E. (1998). Data sharing: Defining problems and seeking solutions. Law and Human Behavior, 12, 199-206.
44. Society for Neuroscience (2000). Responsible conduct regarding scientific communication. J Neurosci. 20: i-xiv. (Also available as http://www. sfn. org/index. cfm?pagename=responsibleConduct).
45. Stanley, B., & Stanley, M. (1988). Data sharing: The primary researcher's perspective. Law and Human Behavior, 12, 173-180.
46. Theologis, A., & Davis, R. W. (2004). To give or not to give? That is the question. Plant Physiology, 135, 4-9.
47. Ventura, B. (2005). Mandatory submission of microarray data to public repositories: How is it working? Physiological Genomics, 20, 153-156.
48. Weil, V. & Hollander, R. (2007). Sharing scientific data II: Normative issues. IRB: A review of human subjects research, 1990. 12, 7-8.