Assessment of the shape of vertical jet fires

Fuel

Volumn 90, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 824-833

  Palacios, A ^a   Casal, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Flame length; Flame shape; Flame width; Jet fire; Sonic and subsonic releases

Indexed keywords

FLAME LENGTH; FLAME SHAPES; FLAME WIDTH; JET FIRE; SONIC AND SUBSONIC RELEASES;

IMAGING SYSTEMS; INFRARED IMAGING; PROPANE; REYNOLDS NUMBER;

FIRES;

EID: 78649996473     PISSN: 00162361     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.048     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. A. Palacios, M. Muñoz, and J. Casal Jet Fires: an experimental study of the main geometrical features of the flame in subsonic and sonic regimes AIChE Journal 55 1 2009 256 263
2. M. Gómez-Mares, L. Zárate, and J. Casal Jet fires and the domino effect Fire Safety Journal 43 8 2008 583 588
3. S.P. Burke, and T.E.W. Schumann Diffusion flames Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 20 10 1928 998 1004
4. W.R. Hawthorne, D.S. Weddell, and H.C. Hottel Mixing and combustion in turbulent gas jets Proceedings of Combustion Flame and Explosions Phenomena 3 1949 266 288
5. D.F. Bagster, and S.A. Schubach The prediction of jet-fire dimensions Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 9 3 1996 241 245
6. G.T. Kalghatgi The visible shape and size of a turbulent hydrocarbon jet diffusion flame in a cross-wind Combustion and Flame 52 1 1983 91 106
7. O.K. Sonju, and J. Hustad An experimental study of turbulent jet diffusion flames Norwegian Maritime Research 4 12 1984 2 11
8. R.B. Schuller, J. Nylund, O.K. Sonju, and J. Hustad Effect of nozzle geometry on burning subsonic hydrocarbon jets ASME/AIChE National Heat Transfer Conference 25 1983 33 36
9. T. Baron Reactions in turbulent free jets - The turbulent diffusion flame Chemical Engineering Progress 50 2 1954 73 76
10. O. Sugawa, and K. Sakai Flame length and width produced by ejected propane gas fuel from a pipe Fire Science and Technology 17 1997 55 63
11. K.S. Mudan, and P.A. Croce Fire hazard calculations for large open hydrocarbon fires P.J. DiNenno, The SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering 2nd ed. 1990 National Fire Protection Association and Society of Fire Protection Engineers Massachusetts 2.64 2.68
12. H.A. Becker, and D. Liang Effect of burner orientation and ambient airflow on geometry of turbulent free diffusion flames Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 18 1981 1061 1070
13. A.D. Johnson, H.M. Brightwell, and A.J. Carsley A model for predicting the thermal radiation hazards from large-scale horizontally released natural gas jet fires Transition of the IChemE 72 1994 157 166
14. S.R. Gollahalli, T.A. Brzustowski, and H.F. Sullivan Characteristics of a turbulent propane diffusion flame in a cross-wind Transactions of the CSME 3 4 1975 205 214
15. S.R. Turns, and F.H. Myhr Oxides of nitrogen emissions from turbulent jet flames: Part I - fuel effects and flame radiation Combustion and Flame 87 1991 319 335
16. J. Cook, Z. Bahrami, and R.J. Whitehouse A comprehensive program for calculation of flame radiation levels Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 3 1990 150 155
17. E. Odgaard Characteristics of hydrocarbon fires in open-air. Report no. 82-0704, Det Norske Veritas 1983 Research Division, Hoevik Norway
18. Schefer RW, Houf B, Bourne B, Colton J. Experimental measurements to characterize the thermal and radiation properties of an open-flame hydrogen plume. The 15th annual hydrogen conference and hydrogen expo. Los Angeles, CA, USA; 2004.
19. J.E. Hustad, and O.K. Sonju Radiation and size scaling of large gas and gas/oil diffusion flames Dynamics of Flames and Reactive Systems: AAIA Progress in Aeronautics and Aeronautics 105 1986 365 387
20. R.W. Schefer, W.G. Houf, T.C. Williams, B. Bourne, and J. Colton Characterization of high-pressure, underexpanded hydrogen-jet flames International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 12 2007 2081 2093
21. G.A. Chamberlain Developments in design methods for predicting thermal radiation from flares Chemical Engineering Research and Development 65 1987 299 309
22. American Petroleum Institute APIRP521. Guide for pressure-relieving and depressuring systems. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Petroleum Institute; 1982.
23. R. McMurray Flare radiation estimated Hydrocarbon Processing 61 11 1982 175 181
24. American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 521. Guide for pressure-relieving and depressuring systems. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Petroleum Institute; 1997.
25. J.P. Gore, and C.Q. Jian Trajectories of horizontal buoyant free-jet flames ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Proceedings 5 1991 127 138
26. D.K. Cook, M. Fairweather, J. Hammonds, and D.J. Hughes Size and radiative characteristics of natural gas flares. Part 2 - empirical model Chemical Engineering Research and Design 65 1987 318 325
27. D.K. Cook, M. Fairweather, G. Hankinson, and K. O'Brien Flaring of natural gas from inclined vent stacks IChemE Symposium Series 102 1987 289 300
28. K. Wohl, C. Gazley, and N. Kapp Diffusion flames Proceeding of Combustion Flame and Explosions Phenomena 3 1949 288 300
29. J. Casal Evaluation of the effects and consequences of major accidents in industrial plants 2008 Elsevier Science Barcelona
30. Brzustowski TA, Gollahalli SR, Kaptein ME, Sullivan HF, Gupta MP. Radiant heating from flares. ASME Heat Transfer Conference, Paper 75-HT-4; 1975.
31. J.G. Marshall, and J.H. Burgoyne The size of flammable clouds arising from continuous releases into the atmosphere IChemE Symposium Series 49 1977 99 109
32. S.L. Brennan, D.V. Makarov, and V. Molkov LES of high pressure hydrogen jet fire Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 22 2009 353 359
33. F.R. Steward Prediction of the height of turbulent diffusion buoyant flames Combustion Science and Technology 2 1970 203 212
34. T. Mogi, and S. Horiguchi Experimental study on the hazards of high-pressure hydrogen diffusion flames Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 22 2009 45 51
35. G.T. Kalghatgi Lift-off heights and visible lengths of vertical turbulent jet diffusion flames in still air Combustion Science and Technology 41 1984 17 29
36. Shell Shepherd Desktop Technical Guide. SHEPHERD Version 1.0.4.5 Technical Guide 2003.
37. T. Imamura, S. Hamada, T. Mogi, Y. Wada, S. Horiguchi, and A. Miyake Experimental investigation on the thermal properties of hydrogen jet flame and hot currents in the downstream region International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33 2008 3426 3435
38. H.G. Wertenbach Spread of flames on cylindrical tanks for hydrocarbon fluids Gas and Erdgas 112 8 1971 383 384
39. Molkov VV. Fundamentals of hydrogen safety engineering. Fourth european summer school on hydrogen safety ESSHS. Corsica, France: The Commission of the European Communities, University of Ulster; 2009.
40. T.A. Brzustowski A new criterion for the length of a gaseous turbulent diffusion flame Combustion Science and Technology 6 1973 313 319
41. E. Studer, D. Jamois, S. Jallais, G. Leroy, J. Hebrard, and V. Blanchetire Properties of large-scale methane/hydrogen jet fires International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34 23 2009 9611 9619
42. M. Iwasaka, Y. Urano, and Y. Hashiguchi Fire hazard of compressed hydrogen by rapid leak. Koatsu gas Journal of the High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan 16 7 1979 333 338
43. A.L. Suris, E.V. Flankin, and S.N. Shorin Length of free diffusion flames Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 13 4 1977 459 462
44. B.J. McCaffrey Momentum diffusion flame characteristics and the effects of water spray Combustion Science and Technology 63 1989 315 335
45. N. Peters, and J. Göttgens Scaling of buoyant turbulent jet diffusion flames Combustion and Flame 85 1991 206 214
46. M.A. Delichatsios Transition from momentum to buoyancy-controlled turbulent jet diffusion flames and flame height relationships Combustion and Flame 92 4 1993 349 364
47. A. Santos, and M. Costa Reexamination of the scaling laws for NOx emissions from hydrocarbon turbulent jet diffusion flames Combustion and Flame 142 2005 160 169
48. D.Y. Kiran, and D.P. Mishra Experimental studies of flame stability and emission characteristics of simple LPG jet diffusion flame Fuel 86 2007 1545 1551
49. N.A. Rokke, J.E. Hustad, and O.K. Sonju A study of partially premixed unconfined propane flames Combustion and Flame 97 1 1994 88 106
50. A.A. Putnam, and C.F. Speich A model study of the interaction of multiple turbulent diffusion flames Symposium (International) on Combustion 9 1 1963 867 877
51. Santos A. Master thesis. Lisbon: Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2003.
52. G.G. Shevyakov, and V.F. Komov Effect of non-combustible admixtures on length of an axisymmetric on-port turbulent diffusion flame Combustion, Explosion and Shock Waves 13 1977 563 566
53. H.A. Becker, and D. Liang Visible length of vertical free turbulent diffusion flames Combustion and Flame 32 1978 115 137
54. B.J. McCaffrey, and D.D. Evans Very large methane jet diffusion flames Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 21 1986 25 31
55. Muñoz M. PhD thesis. Barcelona: Universitat Politcnica de Catalunya; 2005.
56. R. Siegel, and J.R. Howell Thermal radiation heat transfer 3rd ed. 1992 Taylor & Francis USA
57. J.W. Draper On the production of light by heat The London Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 30 3 1847 345 360
58. S.R. Turns An introduction to combustion: concepts and applications 1996 Mc. Graw-Hill New York