Toward a strategy for the conservation and protection of the world's temperate grasslands

Great Plains Research

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 121-134

  Henwood, William D ^a  

^a International Union for Conservation of Nature   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Conservation; Grasslands; Protection; Sustainable use; Temperate

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIOME; GRASSLAND; HABITAT CONSERVATION; HABITAT LOSS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT;

GREAT PLAINS;

EID: 78649945299     PISSN: 10525165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. American Prairie Foundation. 2009. Reserve area map. Home: Project Progress: Land Acquisition; http:// www.americanprairie.org (accessed 5/11/2009).
2. Anonymous. 2002. Preserving the steppes of Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. Russia Conservation News 29:20-21.
3. Batt. B.D.J. 1996. Prairie ecology: Prairie wetlands. In Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem, ed. F.B. Samson and F.L. Knopf, 77-88. Island Press, Washington, DC.
4. Benedict, R. A., P, Freeman, and H, Genoways, 1996, Prairie legacies: Mammals. In Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem, ed, F.B, Samson and F.L, Knopf, 14966. Island Press, Washington, DC,
5. Berger, J., S,L. Cain, and K.M. Berger. 2006. Connecting the dots: An invariant migration corridor links the Holocene to the present, Biological Letters 2:528-31,
6. Bilenca, D., and F. Minarro, 2004, Identification de Areas Valiosas de Pastizal en las Pampas y Campos de Argentina, Uruguay y sur de Brasil, Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina, Buenos Aires. Argentina.
7. Blancher, P, 2003. Importance of North America's Grasslands to Birds. Commission for Environmental Cooperation and Bird Studies Canada, Montreal,
8. Bragg, T.B., and A. A., Steuter. 1996. Prairie ecology: The mixed prairie, In Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem, ed, F.B. Samson and F.L. Knopf, 53-65, Island Press, Washington, DC,
9. Carbutt, C., T. Mahodli, and A. Stephens. 2008. Temperate grassland region: Southern Africa. In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart. 22-37. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver, Canada.
10. CEC/TNC (Commission for Environmental Cooperation and The Nature Conservancy). 2005. North American Central Grasslands Priority Conservation Areas: Technical Report and Documentation, ed. J.W. Karl and J. Hoth. Commission for Environmental Cooperation and The Nature Conservancy, Montreal.
11. Chape, S., S. Blyth. L. Fish, P. Fax, and M. Spalding, comps. 2003. 2003 United Nations List of Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, and UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK.
12. Coad, L., N.D. Burgess. C Loucks. L. Fish, J.P.W. Scharlemann, L. Duarte, and B. Besançon. 2009. The Ecological Representativeness of the Global Protected Areas Estate in 2009: Progress towards the CBD 2010 Target. UNEP-WCMC, WWFUS, and ECI, University of Oxford. UK.
13. Cuesta, F. 2008. Temperate grassland region, South America: Northern Andes, Paramo. In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart. 140-47. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver. Canada.
14. Dudley. N,, ed, 2008, Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland,
15. ECOPAD, 2007, Estrategia para Ia Conservación de Pastizales del Desierto Chiluiahiiense, ed, C Aguirre, J, Hoth, and A, Lafon, ECOPAD, Chihuahua, Mexico.
16. ENS. 2008. Ancient pronghorn path becomes first U,S, Wildlife Migration Corridor. ENS Newswire, http:// www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jun2008/2008-06-17091. asp (accessed 10/30/2009),
17. Food and Agriculture Organization, 2005, Grasslands of the World. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome,
18. Forrest, S.C., H., Strand. W.H., Haskins, C. Freese, J., Proctor, and E. Dinerstein, 2004, Ocean of Grass: A Conservation Assessment for the Northern Great Plains. Northern Plains Conservation Network and Northern Great Plains Ecoregion, World Wildlife Foundation-United States, Bozeman, MT.
19. Freese, C., D., Montayne, and K., Dabrowska, 2009, New Directions for the Prairie Economy: Connecting Conservation and Rural Development in the Northern Great Plains. Northern Great Plains Ecoregion, World Wildlife Foundation-United States, Bozeman, MT.
20. Gauthier, D.A., A. Lafon. T Toombs, J. Hoth, and E. Wiken. 2003. Grasslands: Toward a North American Conservation Strategy. Canadian Plains Research Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, and Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Montreal.
21. Geist, V. 1996. Buffalo Nation: History and Legend of the North American Bison. Fifth House Publishers, Saskatoon, SK.
22. Gilfedder, L., D. Williams. I. Lunt, O. Carter, J. Morgan, and K. McDougall. 2008. Temperate grassland region: Southeastern Australia. In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart, 108-17. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver, Canada.
23. Global Environment Facility. 2007. Project Identification Form: Steppe Conservation and Management, Kazakhstan. Global Environment Facility, Washington, DC. Available at http://www.gefweb.org/uploadedFiles/Documents/ Council-Documents-( PDF-DOC)/I W P- January -2008/PI F%20document (2).pdf.
24. Grassland Foundation. 2004. Oceans of Grass Released (no author) Green Fire Journal. Winter 2004:8-9. www.grasslandfoundation.org/pdfs/JAN.pdf (accessed 10/30/2009).
25. Grassland Foundation. 2005. Grasslands 2010. Grasslands Foundation, Lincoln, NE, http://www. grasslandfoundation.org/pdfs/Grasslands2010.pdf (accessed 10/30/2009).
26. Halloy, S., S.G. Beck, and J.C. Ledezma. 2008. Temperate grassland region, South America: Central Andean Grasslands (Paramo, Puna) and High Andean (Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina). In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart. 148-59. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver, Canada.
27. Heidenreich, B. 2009. The Total Economic Value of Temperate Grasslands: A Research Review. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas. Vancouver, Canada. Available at http://www.iucn.org/about/ union/commissions/wcpa/wcpa-what/wcpa- conservingsd/wcpa-grasslandstf/.
28. Henwood, W.D. 2004. The protection of temperate grasslands: A global perspective. In Proceedings of the 7th Prairie Conservation and Endangered Species Conference, eds. G.C Trottier, E. Anderson, and M. Steinhilber, 21-29. Provincial Museum of Alberta, Calgary, AB,
29. Henwood, W.D., 2006, Linking the World's Grasslands: Enhancing International Cooperation for the Protection and Conservation of the World's Temperate Grasslands. Proposal to the J.M. Kaplan Fund, Vancouver, Canada.
30. Hoekstra, J.M., T.M. Boucher, T.H. Ricketts, and C Roberts. 2005. Confronting a biome crisis: Global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecological Letters 8:23-29.
31. IUCN. 1991. The Lowland Grasslands of Central and Eastern Europe. Environmental Research Series No. 4. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland. Switzerland.
32. IUCN. 1994. 1993 United Nations List of National Parks and Protected Areas. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, World Commission on Protected Areas. Page Brothers, Cambridge, UK.
33. IUCN. 1998.1997 United Nations List of Protected Areas. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, World Commission on Protected Areas, Gland. Switzerland.
34. Klebelsberg. Eva. 2008. Temperate grassland region: Kazakhstan. In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart, 68-75. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas. Vancouver. Canada.
35. Lushchekina, A., and A. Struchkov. 2001. The Saiga antelope in Europe: Once again on the brink? In The Open Country, 3:11-24. Biodiversity Conservation Centre, Moscow. Russia.
36. Manning. R. 1995. Grasslands: The History, Biology, Politics, and Promise of the American Prairie. Penguin Books, New York.
37. Manning. R. 2009. Rewilding the West: Restoration in a prairie landscape. University of California Press, Berkeley.
38. Mark. A.F., K.J.M. Dickinson. P. Michel, and B. McLennan. 2008. Temperate grassland region: New Zealand. In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart. 119-25. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas. Vancouver, Canada.
39. Mark. A.F., P. Michel, K.J.M. Dickinson, and B. McLennan. 2009. The conservation (protected area) status of New Zealand's indigenous grasslands: An update. New Zealand Journal of Botany 47:53-60.
40. McDougall.K., and J.B. Kirkpatrick. 1994. Conservation of Lowland Native Grasslands in South-Easl Australia, World Wildlife Fund for Nature, Australia.
41. Merola-Zwartjes, M, 2004. Biodiversity, functional processes, and the ecological consequences of fragmentation in Southwestern Grasslands, In Assessment of Grassland Ecosystem Conditions in the Southwestern United States, 49-85. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Albuquerque, NM.
42. Michelson, A. 2008. Temperate grassland region, South America: Patagonian steppes of Argentina and Chile. In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart, 172-78. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver, Canada.
43. Michelson, A. 2009. First South American Workshop for the World Temperate Grasslands Conservation Strategy Initiative: Defining the South American Strategy. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Quito, Ecuador. Available at http://www. iucn.org/about/union/commissions/wcpa/wcpa- what/wcpa-conservingsd/ wcpa-grasslandstf/.
44. Minahi, K., J. Goudriaan, E.A. Latinga, and T. Kimura. 1993. Significance of grasslands in emission and absorption of greenhouse gases. In Grasslands for Our World, ed. M.J. Barker. SIR Publishing, Wellington, NZ.
45. Minarro, F., and D. Bilenca. 2007. The Conservation Status of Temperate Grasslands in Central Argentina. Fundacion Vida Silvestre Argentina, Buenos Aires.
46. Minarro, F., U. Martinez, D. Bilenca, and F. Olmos. 2008. Temperate grassland region, South America: Rio de la Plata Grasslands (Pampas and Campos) of Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart, 160-71. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver, Canada.
47. Myagmarsuren, D. 2000. Special Protected Areas of Mongolia. Environmental Protection Agency, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
48. NABCl (North American Bird Conservation Initiative US Committee). 2009. The State of the Birds, United States of America, 2009. US Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
49. Nature Conservancy, Northern Great Plains Ecoregional Planning Team. 2000. Ecoregional Planning in the Northern Great Plains Steppe. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA.
50. Packard, S., and C.F. Mutel. 1997. Perspective. In The Ta I/grass Prairie Restoration Handbook, xixxxviii. Island Press, Washington, DC.
51. Paruelo, J.M., R.A. Golluscio, E.G. Jobbagy, M. Canevari, and M.R. Aguiar. 2006. Situacion Ambiental en la Estapa Patagonica. In La Situacion Ambiental Argentina 2005, ed. A. Brown, U. Martinez Ortiz, M. Acerbi, and J. Corcuera, 302-20. Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina, Buenos Aires.
52. Peart, B., ed. 2008a. Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver, Canada. Available at http://www.iucn.org/about/ union/commissions/ wcpa/wcpa-what/wcpa-conservingsd/wcpa-grasslandstf/.
53. Peart, B. 2008b. Life in a Working Landscape: Towards a Conservation Strategy for the World's Temperate Grasslands. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver. Canada. Available at http://www. iucn.org/about/union/commissions/wcpa/wcpa- what/wcpa-conservingsd/wcpa- grasslandstf/.
54. Peng, L., W. Ning, and L. Tao. 2008. Temperate grassland region: China. In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart, 38-45. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver, Canada.
55. Rabeni, C.F. 1996. Prairie legacies: Fish and aquatic resources. In Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem, ed. F.B. Samson and F.L. Knopf, 111-24. Island Press, Washington, DC.
56. Samson, F.B., and F.L. Knopf. 1994. Prairie conservation in North America. Bioscience 44:418-21.
57. Samson, F.B,, and F.L. Knopf, eds. 1996. Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem. Island Press, Washington, DC.
58. Schauer, G.B. 1992. Conservation and wildlife. In Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. A report of the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
59. Schaller, G.B. 2001. An ecological study of Mongolian gazelle. In The Open Country, 3:2-36. Biodiversity Conservation Centre. Moscow, Russia.
60. Scherr. S.J., and S. Sthapit. 2009. Mitigating Climate Change through Food and Land Use. WorldWatch Institute, Washington, DC.
61. Schmitt, C.B.. A. Belokurov. C. Besancon. L. Boisrobert, N.D. Burgess, A. Campbell, L. Coad, L. Fish, D. Gliddon, K. Humphries, V. Kapos, C Loucks, I. Lysenko, L. Miles. C Mills, S. Minnemeyer, T. Pistorius, C Ravilious, M. Steininger, and G. Winkel. 2009. Global Ecological Forest Classification and Forest Protected Area Gap Analysis: Analyses and Recommendations in View of the 10% Target for Forest Protection under the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2nd rev. ed. Freiburg University Press, Freiburg, Germany.
62. Smelansky, I., and E. Simonov. 2008. Temperate grassland region: Russian steppes. In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart, 87-99. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver, Canada.
63. Smith Fargey, K., ed. 2004. Shared Prairie, Shared Vision: The Northern Mixed Grass Transboundary Conservation Initiative, Conservation Site Planning Workshop Proceedings and Digital Atlas CD. Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Regina, SK.
64. Sneath, D. 1998. State policy and pasture degradation in inner Asia. Science 281:1147-48.
65. Steinauer, E.M., and S.L. Collins. 1996. Prairie ecology: The tallgrass prairie. In Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem, ed. F.B. Samson and F.L. Knopf. 39-52. Island Press, Washington, DC.
66. Sutton, T., D. Ochsner, S. Lierman, and A. Shahan. 2005. Economic Benefits of Grassland Protected Areas. Grassland Foundation, Lincoln, NE.
67. Tkachuk, T. 2008. Temperate grassland region: Daurian steppe. In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart, 46-61. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver, Canada.
68. Traill, L.W., B.W. Brook, R.R. Frankham, and C.J.A. Bradshaw. 2009. Pragmatic population viability targets in a rapidly changing world. Biological Conservation, doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.09.001.
69. Tumurbaatar, E. 2008. Temperate grassland region: Mongolia. In Compendium of Regional Templates on the Status of Temperate Grasslands Conservation and Protection, ed. B. Peart, 76-81. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Vancouver, Canada.
70. UNEP-WCMC 2008. State of the World's Protected Areas: An Annual Review of Global Conservation Progress. United Nations Environment Program, World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Cambridge, UK.
71. Weaver. T., E.M. Payson, and D.L. Gustafson. 1996. Prairie ecology: The shortgrass prairie. In Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem, ed. F.B. Samson and F.L. Knopf, 67-75. Island Press, Washington, DC.
72. White, R., S. Murray, and M. Rohweder. 2000. Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Grass/and Ecosystems. World Resources Institute, Washington. DC,
73. Worldwatch Institute. 2009. State of the World: Into a Warming World. Worldwatch Institute. Washington, DC.
74. World Wildlife Fund. 2008. Northern Great Plains: Restoring/he Great American Prairie. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC.
75. World Wildlife Fund. 2009. Ecoregions: WWF's Global 200, http://www.worldwildlife.org/science/ecoregions/global200.html (accessed 10/15/2009).