Wheat seed system in Ethiopia: Farmers' varietal perception, seed sources, and seed management

Journal of New Seeds

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 281-327

  Bishaw, Zewdie ^a   Struik, P C ^b   van Gastel, A J G ^c  

^a INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE DRY AREAS ICARDA   (Syrian Arab Republic)

^b WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c NONE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Ethiopia; Farmer's perception; Seed management; Seed source; Seed system; Triticum spp.; Wheat

Indexed keywords

PAVON; TRITICUM; TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

EID: 78649853637     PISSN: 1522886X     EISSN: 15229025     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1522886X.2010.518302     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Adissu, A. 1991. Wheat marketing in Ethiopia. In Wheat research in Ethiopia: A historical perspective, ed. H. Gebremaraim, D. G. Tanner, and M. Hulluka, 323-339. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: IAR/CIMMYT.
2. Agidie, A., D. G. Tanner, M. Liben, T. Dessalegne, and B. Kebede. 2000. Farmer participatory evaluation of promising bread wheat production technologies in northwestern Ethiopia. In Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 18-22, 2000, 380-390. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
3. Alemayehu, Z., R. Ensermu, B. Yaie, B. Girma, G. Taye, and M. Hassena. 1999. Farmers' feedback on the status of released bread wheat varieties in Chilalo awaraja, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia, 106-113. In Tenth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and southern Africa, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, September 14-18, 1998, 106-113. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
4. Andnew, Y. 1988. A review of chemical disease control research on wheat in Ethiopia, 251-255. In van Ginkel, M. and Tanner, D.G. (eds.) Fifth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean 5-10 October 1987, Antsirabe, Madagascar. CIMMYT, Mexico.
5. Asamenew, G., H. Beyene, W. Negatu, and G. Ayele. 1993. A survey of the farming systems of vertisol areas of the Ethiopian highlands. In Improved management of Vertisols for sustainable crop-livestock production in the Ethiopian highlands: Synthesis report 1986/92, ed. T. Mamo, A. Astatke, K. L. Srivastava, and Dibabe, 29-50. ILRI Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
6. Ferede, S., D. G. Tanner, H. Verkuijil, and T. Gebre. 2000. A study of the adoption of bread wheat production technologies in Arsi zone. In Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, 411-426. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
7. Fujisaka, S., R. A. Guino, R. T. Lubigan, and K. Moody. 1993. Farmers' rice seed management practices and the resulting weed seed contamination in the Philippines. Seed Science and Technology 21:149-157.
8. Gamba, P., C. Ngugi, H. Verkuijl, W. Mwangi, and F. Kiriswa. 1999. Wheat farmers' seed management and varietal adoption in Kenya. In Tenth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, September 14-18, 1998, 53-62. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
9. Gavian, S., and G. Degefa 1996. The profitability of wheat production in Ethiopia: The case of Tiyo woreda in Arsi zone. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Economics 1:38-62.
10. Gebeyehu, G., 1988. Grain yield stability of bread wheat cultivars in the highlands of Ethiopia. In Fifth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean, October 5-10, 1987, ed. M. van Ginkel and D. G. Tanner, 61-65. Antsirabe, Madagascar; Mexico City: CIMMYT.
11. Gebeyehu, S., K. Muminjanov, A. Mwilawa, K. Rijal, S. Subramaniam, and L. Weili. 2002. Food security in a bread basket: Food security among households in the different agro-ecological zones in Arsi Negelle woreda, Ethiopia. Working Document Series 100. Wageningen, Holland: ICRA; Ethiopia: EARO.
12. Gebre, H., A. Tarekegne, and E. Asmare. 1988. Preliminary indications on the importance of yield limiting factors on wheat. In Fifth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean, October 5-10, 1987, ed. M. van Ginkel and D. G. Tanner, 189-193. Antsirabe, Madagascar; Mexico City: CIMMYT, Mexico.
13. Gebremariam, H. 1991. Bread wheat breeding and genetics research in Ethiopia. In Wheat research in Ethiopia: A historical perspective, ed. H. Gebremariam, D. G. Tanner, and M. Hulluka, 73-93. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: IAR/CIMMYT.
14. Geleta, B., A. Gorfu, and G. Gebeyehu. 1994. Wheat production and research in Ethiopia constraints and sustainability. In Eighth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, Kampala, Uganda, June 7-10, 1993, ed. D. G. Tanner, 18-25. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
15. Geleto, T., E. Elias, and D. G. Tanner. 1990. The effects of different sowing dates and fertilizers on the agronomic characteristics of three Ethiopian varieties of bread wheat. In Sixth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, October 2-6, 1989, ed. D. G. Tanner, M. van Ginkel, and W. Mwangi, 191-197. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Mexico City: CIMMYT.
16. Geleto, T., D. G. Tanner, T. Mamo, and G. Gebeyehu. 1995. Response of rainfed bread and durum wheat to source, level and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on two Ethiopian vertisols. I. Yield and yield components. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 26:1773-1794.
17. Geleto, T., D. G. Tanner, T. Mamo, and G. Gebeyehu 1996. Response of rainfed bread and durum wheat to source, level and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on two Ethiopian vertisols. II. N uptake, recovery and efficiency. Fertilizer Research 44:195-204.
18. Gemeda, A. G. Aboma, H. Verkuijl, and W. Mwangi. 2001. Farmers' maize seed systems in Western Oromia, Ethiopia. Mexico City: CIMMYT; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: IAR.
19. Ghijsen, H. 1996. The development of variety testing and plant breeders' rights in the Netherlands. In Integrating seed systems for annual food crops. Proceedings of a Workshop, Malang, Indonesia, October 24-27, 1995, ed. H. van Amstel, J. W. T. Bottema, M. Sidik, and C. E. van Santen, 223-225. Bogor, Indonesia: CGPRT Center.
20. Girma, K., S. Maru, A. Gorfu, W. Tilahun, and M. Kassaye. 2000. Survey of weed community structure in bread wheat in three districts of Arsi Zone in southeastern Ethiopia. In Eleventh Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 18-22, 2000, 291-301. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
21. Gorfu, A., A. Taa, D. G. Tanner, and W. Mwangi. 1991. On-farm research to derive fertilizer recommendations for small-scale bread wheat production: Methodological issues and technical results. Research Report No 14. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: IAR.
22. Grisley, W. 1993. Seed for bean production in Sub-Saharan Africa: issues, problems and possible solutions. Agricultural Systems. 43. 19-33.
23. Gurmu, D., G. Shaka, and Z. Bishaw. 1998. The Ethiopian seed industry. ISTA News Bulletin 117:26-31.
24. Haile, A., W. Negatu, and A. B. Retu. 1991. Technology transfer for wheat production in Ethiopia. In Wheat research in Ethiopia: A historical perspective, ed. H. Gebremariam, D. G. Tanner, and M. Hulluka, 277-299. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: IAR/CIMMYT.
25. Hailye, A., H. Verkuijl, W. Mwangi, and A. Yalew. 1998. Farmers' wheat seed sources and seed management in the Enebssie area, Ethiopia. Mexico City: CIMMYT; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: EARO.
26. Hassena, M., R. Ensermu, W. Mwangi, and H. Verkuijl. 2000. A comparative assessment of combine harvesting vis-à-vis conventional harvesting and threshing in Arsi region, Ethiopia. Mexico City: CIMMYT; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: EARO.
27. Heisey, P. W., and J. P. Brennan. 1991. An analytical model of farmers' demand for replacement seed. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73:1044-1052.
28. Henderson, P. A., and R. Singh. 1990. NGO-Government links in seed production: Case studies from The Gambia and Ethiopia. Agricultural Administration (Research and Extension) Network Paper No. 14. London: ODI.
29. Hulluka, M., G. Woldeab, Y. Andnew, R. Desta, and A. Badebo. 1991. Wheat pathology research in Ethiopia. In Wheat research in Ethiopia: A historical perspective, ed. H. Gebremaraim, D. G. Tanner, and M. Hulluka, 173-217. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: IAR/CIMMYT.
30. IAR. 1990. Yesende ameraret zede lelmat seratognch memeria [Wheat production guidelines for extension agents (in Amharic)]. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Agricultural Research.
31. Kashyap, R. K., and J. C. Duhan. 1994. Health status of farmers' saved wheat seed in Haryana, India: A case study. Seed Science and Technology 22:619-628.
32. Ketema, S. 1997. Tef (Eragrostis tef [Zucc.]) Trotter. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. Rome: IPGRI.
33. Kotu, B. H., H. Verkuijl, W. Mwangi, and D. Tanner. 2000. Adoption of improved wheat technologies in Adaba and Dodola woredas of the Bale Highlands, Ethiopia. Mexico City, CIMMYT; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: EARO.
34. Louette, D., A. Charrier, and J. Berthaud. 1997. In-situ conservation of maize in Mexico: Genetic diversity and maize seed management in a traditional community. Economic Botany 51:20-138.
35. Louette, D., and M. Smale. 2000. Farmers' seed selection practices and traditional maize varieties in Cualapa, Mexico. Euphytica 113:25-41.
36. Lyon, F., and S. A. Danquah. 1998. Small-scale seed provision in Ghana: Social relations, contracts and institutions for micro-enterprise development. Agricultural Research and Extension Network. Network Paper No. 84. London: ODI.
37. Mekuria, M. 1995. Technology development and transfer in Ethiopian agriculture: An empirical evidence. In Food security, nutrition and poverty alleviation in Ethiopia: Problems and prospects. Proceedings of the Inaugural and First Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society of Ethiopia, June 8-9, 1995, ed. M. Demeke, W. Amha, S. Ehui, and T. Zegeye, 109-130. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Agricultural Economics Society of Ethiopia.
38. Mekuria, M., S. Franzel, and H. Beyene 1992. Farming systems research in Ethiopia: Evolution, development and organizations. In Research with farmers: Lessons from Ethiopia, ed. S. Franzel and H. van Houten, 28-39. Wallingford, UK: CABI.
39. Mwanga, J., A. Mussie, W. Mwangi, and H. Hekuijl. 1999. Adoption of improved wheat technologies by small-scale farmers in Mbeya district of southern highlands, Tanzania. In Tenth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, September 14-18, 1998, 39-45. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
40. National Seed Industry Agency. 2000. Crop variety register: Issue no. 3. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: National Seed Industry Agency.
41. Negatu, W., and W. Mwangi. 1994. An economic analysis of the response of durum wheat to fertilizer: implications for sustainable durum wheat production in the central highlands of Ethiopia. In Eighth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, Kampala, Uganda, June 7-10, 1993, ed. D. G. Tanner, 177-85. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
42. Negatu, W., W. Mwangi, and T. Tesemma. 1992. Farmers' varietal preferences for durum wheat in Ada, Lume and Gimbichu woredas. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Science 13:89-100.
43. Negatu, W., and W. Mwangi. 1992. On-farm economics of herbicide use on durum wheat in Ada and Akaki woredas of Ethiopia. In Seventh Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, Nakuru, Kenya, September 16-19, 1991, ed. D. G. Tanner and W. Mwangi, 260-265. Mexico City: CIMMYT.
44. Negatu, W., and A. Parikh. 1999. The impact of perception and other factors on the adoption of agricultural technology in the Moret and Jiru woreda (district) of Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics 21:205-216.
45. Rohrbach D. D. 1997. Farmer to farmer seed movements in Zimbabwe: issues arising, 171-179. In Rohrbach, D. D., Bishaw, Z. and van Gastel, A. J. G. (eds.) Proceedings of and International Conference on Options for Strengthening National and Regional Seed Systems in Africa and West Asia pp. ICRISAT, Andra Pradesh, India. 281 pp.
46. Sahile, G., and W. Tilahun. 1997. Results of a weed survey in the southeastern wheat plain of Asasa woreda. Arem 2/3:100-102.
47. Sperling, L. 1998. The effects of the Rwandan war on crop production, seed security and varietal security: A comparison of two crops. In Restoring farmers' seed systems in disaster situations. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper No. 150, 71-91. Rome: FAO.
48. Stanelle, J. R., R. L. Vanderlip, L. A. Burchett, and J. P. Shroyer. 1984. Kansas wheat seed: Comparison of the quality of wheat seed planted in 1973 and 1984. Journal of Applied Seed Production 6:62-67.
49. Stroud, A., and M. Mekuria. 1992. Ethiopia's agriculture sector: An overview. In Research with farmers: Lessons from Ethiopia, ed. S. Franzel and H. van Houten, 9-27. Wallingford, UK: CABI.
50. Tanner, D. G., A. Taa, and K. Girma. 1999. Determination of economic optimum fertilizer levels using discrete and continuous analytical methods. In Tenth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, September 14-18, 1998, 14-18. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
51. Tanner, D. G., A. Gorfu, and K. Zewdie. 1991. Wheat agronomy research in Ethiopia. In Wheat research in Ethiopia: A historical perspective, ed. H. Gebremaraim, D. G. Tanner, and M. Hulluka, 95-135. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: IAR/CIMMYT.
52. Tarekegne, A. 1996a. Wheat production technology in Ethiopia. In Research achievements and technology transfer attempts: Vignettes from Shewa. Proceedings of Technology Generation, Transfer and Gap Analysis Workshop, Nazret, Ethiopia, December 25-27, 1995, ed. A. Deresa and B. Seboka, 20-37. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: IAR.
53. Tarekegne, A. 1996b. Effects of seeding date on yield and yield components of bread wheat. Rachis 15(1/2):33-38.
54. Tarekegne, A., G. Gebeyehu, and D. G. Tanner. 1995. Improvement in yield potential of bread wheat cultivars released in Ethiopia from 1949 to 1987. African Crop Science Journal 3:41-49.
55. Tarekegne A., G. Gebeyehu, T. Tesemma, and D. G. Tanner. 1997. The yield of durum wheat cultivars released in the central highlands of Ethiopia between 1967 and 1992. Sebil 7:105-114.
56. Tarekegne, A., D. G. Tanner, T. Tessema, and C. Mandefro. 1999. A study of variety by management interaction in bread wheat varieties released in Ethiopia. In Tenth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, September 14-18, 1998, 196-212. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
57. Tesemma, T., and G. Belay. 1991. Aspects of tetraploid wheats with emphasis on durum wheat genetics and breeding research. In Wheat research in Ethiopia: A historical perspective, ed. H. Gebremaraim, D. G. Tanner, and M. Hulluka, 47-71. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: IAR/CIMMYT.
58. Tessema, T., Y. Lemma, and B. Admasu. 1999. Qualitative and quantitative determination of weed occurrence in wheat in West Shoa zone of Ethiopia. In Tenth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, September 14-18, 1998, 160-172. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
59. Tessema T., and D. G. Tanner. 1999. Determination of economic threshold densities for the major weed species competing with bread wheat in Ethiopia. In Tenth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, September 14-18, 1998, 249-272. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
60. Tetlay, K. A., P. W. Heisey, Z. Ahmed, and A. Munir. 1991. Farmers' sources of wheat seed and wheat seed management in three irrigated regions of Pakistan. Seed Science and Technology 19:123-138.
61. Thiele, G. 1999. Informal potato seed systems in the Andes: Why are they important and what should we do with them? World Development 27:83-99.
62. Tiruneh, A., W. Mwangi, H. Verkuijl, and T. Tesfaye. 1999. Gender differentials in adoption of improved wheat varieties in Ada, Lume and Gimbechu woredas of the central highlands of Ethiopia. In Tenth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, September 14-18, 1998, 31-38. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT.
63. Tripp, R., and S. Pal. 1998. Information exchange in commercial seed markets in Rajasthan. Agricultural Research and Extension Network. Network Paper No. 83. London: ODI.
64. Tsega, M. 1994. An inventory and investigation of the optimum local seed storage methods in Wello and Shewa administrative regions. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: SOS/Ethiopia.
65. Woldeselassie, Y. S. 1999. Evaluation of status and quality of barley seed used by the northern and central Ethiopian farmers. Master's thesis, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
66. Yalew, A., D. G. Tanner, R. Ensermu, and A. Haile. 1997a. On-farm evaluation of alternative bread wheat production technologies in Northwestern Ethiopia. Sebil 7:193-204.
67. Yalew, A., D. G. Tanner, M. Hassena, and A. Taa. 1997b. On-farm verification of five advanced bread wheat lines under recommended and farmers' crop management practices in the Ethiopian highlands. Sebil 7:159-171.
68. Yirga, C., H. Beyene, L. Zewdie, and D. G. Tanner. 1992. Farming systems of the Kulumsa area. In Research with farmers: Lessons from Ethiopia, ed. S. Franzel and H. van Houten, 145-57. Wallingford, UK: CABI.
69. Yirga, C., B. I. Shapiro, and M. Demeke. 1996. Factors influencing adoption of new wheat technologies in Wolmera and Addis Alem areas of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Economics 1:63-84.
70. Zegeye, T., G. Taye, D. G. Tanner, H. Verkuijl, A. Agidie, and W. Mwangi. 2001. Adoption of improved bread wheat varieties and inorganic fertilizer by smallscale farmers in Yelmana Densa and Farta districts of Northwestern Ethiopia. Mexico City: CIMMYT; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: EARO.
71. Zeven, A. C. 1999. The traditional inexplicable replacement of seed and seed ware of landraces and cultivars: A review. Euphytica 110:181-191.