How do social firms contribute to recovery from mental illness? A qualitative study

Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 482-496

  Svanberg, Jenny ^a   Gumley, Andrew ^a   Wilson, Alistair ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Mental Illness; Psychosis; Qualitative; Recovery; Social Firm

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; COMORBIDITY; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; JOB SATISFACTION; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOTHERAPY; QUALITY OF LIFE; SOCIAL ADAPTATION; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; UNITED KINGDOM; VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION;

ADULT; COMORBIDITY; EMPLOYMENT, SUPPORTED; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; JOB SATISFACTION; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; POWER (PSYCHOLOGY); PSYCHOTHERAPY; QUALITY OF LIFE; REHABILITATION, VOCATIONAL; SCOTLAND; SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 78649835140     PISSN: 10633995     EISSN: 10990879     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.681     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Ainsworth, M.D.S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
2. Andresen, R., Oades, L., & Caputi, P. (2003). The experience of recovery from schizophrenia: Towards an empirically validated stage model. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 586-594.
3. Anthony, W.A. (1993). Recovery from mental illness: The guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 16, 11-23.
4. Barbour, R.S. (2001). Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: A case of the tail wagging the dog? British Medical Journal, 322, 1115-1117.
5. Bond, G.R., Drake, R.E., Mueser, K.T., & Becker, D.R. (1997). An update on supported employment for people with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 48(3), 335-346.
6. CASP. (2002) © Public Health Resource Unit, England. Retrieved 27 January 2010, from
7. Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
8. Coleman, R. (1999). Recovery: An alien concept. Gloucester, UK: Handsell Publishing.
9. Confederation of European Social Firms, Employment Initiatives and Social Cooperatives (CEFEC). (1997). Employment initiatives and cooperatives: Definition of a social firm. Brussels, Belgium: Grove and Associates.
10. Crowther, R., Marshall, M., Bond, G.R., & Huxley, P. (2009). Vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Cochrane Schezophrenia Group. The Cochrane Library, 4.
11. Davidson, L. (2003). Living outside mental illness: Qualitative studies of recovery in schizophrenia. New York: New York University Press.
12. Davidson, L., Stayner, D.A., Nickou, C., Styron, T.H., Rowe, M., & Chinman, M.L. (2001). 'Simply to be let in': Inclusion as a basis for recovery. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24(4), 375-388.
13. Deegan, P. (1996). Recovery as a journey of the heart. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 19(3), 91-97.
14. Department of Health. (2001). The journey to recovery-The government's vision for mental health care. London: Author.
15. Dey, I. (1999). Grounding grounded theory. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
16. Ducci, G., Stentella, C., & Vulterini, P. (2002). The social enterprise in Europe: The state of the art. International Journal of Mental Health, 31, 76-91.
17. Elliott, R., Fischer, C.T., & Rennie, D.L. (1999). Evolving guidelines for publication of qualitative research studies in psychology and related fields. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 215-229.
18. Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E.L., & Target, M. (2004). Attachment and reflective function: Their role in self-organisation. In P. Fonagy, G. Gergely, E.L. Jurist, & M. Target (Eds), Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self (pp. 23-64). London: H. Karnac (Books) Ltd.
19. Frese, F.J., & Davis, W.W. (1997). The consumer-survivor movement, recovery, and consumer professionals. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 28(3), 243-245.
20. Glaser, B.G., & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies in qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine.
21. Goodwin, I. (2003). The relevance of attachment theory to the philosophy, organisation, and practice of adult mental health care. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 35-56.
22. Harding, C.M., Brooks, G.W., Ashikaga, T., Strauss, J.S., & Breier, A. (1987). The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness I: Methodology, study sample and overall status 32 years later. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 718-726.
23. Harrison, G., Hopper, K., Craig, T., Laska, E., Siegel, C., Wanderling, J., Dube, K.C., GAnev, K., Giel, R., An Der Heiden, W., Holmberg, S.K., Janca, A., Lee, P.W., Leon, C.A., Malhotra, S., Marsella, A.J., Nakane, Y., Sartorius, N., Shen, Y., Skoda, C., Thara, R., Tsirkin, S.J., Varma, V.K., Walsh, D., & Wiersma, D. (2001). Recovery from psychotic illness: A 15- and 25-year international follow-up study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 506-517.
24. Henry, A.D., & Lucca, A.M. (2004). Facilitators and barriers to employment: The perspectives of people with psychiatric disabilities and employment service providers. Work, 22, 169-182.
25. Hutchinson, S.A. (1993). Grounded theory: The method. In P.L. Munhall, & C.A. Boyd (Eds), Nursing research: A qualitative perspective (2nd ed., pp. 180-212). New York: National League for Nursing Press.
26. Kelly, M., & Gamble, C. (2005). Exploring the concept of recovery in schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 12(2), 245-251.
27. Killeen, M.B., & O'Day, B.L. (2004). Challenging expectations: How individuals with psychiatric disabilities find and keep work. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 28(2), 157-163.
28. Krupa, T., Lagarde, M., & Carmichael, K. (2003). Transforming sheltered workshops into affirmative businesses: An outcome evaluation. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 26(4), 359-367.
29. Leete, E. (1992). The stigmatized patient. In P.J. Fink, & A. Tasman (Eds), Stigma and mental illness (pp. 17-25). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
30. Lehman, A.F. (1995). Vocational rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21(4), 645-656.
31. McDermid, L. (2005). Bridging the gap: A discussion paper for reforming welfare to work in the UK. Social Firms Scotland. Retrieved 27 January 2010, from
32. McKeown, K., O'Brien, T.J., & Fitzgerald, G. (1992). The European project on mental health in Ireland 1989-1991: An evaluation. Dublin, Ireland: Irish Social Firm Initiative.
33. Noordsy, D., Torrey, W., Mueser, K., Mead, S., O'Keefe, C., & Fox, L. (2002). Recovery from severe mental illness: An interpersonal and functional outcome definition. International Review of Psychiatry, 14(4), 318-326.
34. Patton, M.Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
35. Provencher, H.L., Gregg, R., Mead, S., & Mueser, K.T. (2002). The role of work in the recovery of persons with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 26(2), 132-144.
36. Rebeiro, K.L. (1999). The labyrinth of community mental health: In search of meaningful occupation. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 23(2), 143-153.
37. Repper, J. (2000). Adjusting the focus of mental health nursing: Incorporating service users' experiences of recovery. Journal of Mental Health, 9(6), 575-587.
38. Ridgway, P. (2001). Restorying psychiatric disability: Learning from first person recovery narratives. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24(4), 335-343.
39. Roberts, G., & Wolfson, P. (2004). The rediscovery of recovery: Open to all. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 10(1), 37-48.
40. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health. (2006). The future of mental health: A vision for 2015. London: Author.
41. Savio, M., & Righetti, A. (1993). Cooperatives as a social enterprise in Italy: A place for social integration and rehabilitation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 88(4), 238-242.
42. Schneider, J. (1998a). Work interventions in mental health care: Some arguments and recent evidence. Journal of Mental Health, 7(1), 81-95.
43. Schneider, J. (1998b). Models of specialist employment for people with mental health problems. Health & Social Care in the Community, 6(2), 120-129.
44. Scottish Executive. (2003). National Programme for Improving Mental Health and Well-Being Action Plan 2003-2006. Retrieved 27 January 2010, from
45. Scottish Recovery Network. (2006). Journeys of recovery: Stories of hope and recovery from long term mental health problems. Glasgow, UK: Author. Retrieved 27 January 2010, from
46. Secker, J., Dass, S., & Grove, B. (2003). Developing social firms in the UK: A contribution to identifying good practice. Disability & Society, 18(5), 659-674.
47. Seebohm, P., & Scott, J. (2004). Addressing disincentives to work associated with the welfare benefits system in the UK and abroad. London: The Social Enterprise Partnership.
48. Social Firms UK. (2001). Understanding the social firm model. Redhill, UK: Author.
49. Strong, S. (1998). Meaningful work in supportive environments: Experiences with the recovery process. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52(1), 31-38.
50. Yardley, L. (2000). Dilemmas in qualitative health research. Psychology & Health, 15, 215-229.