Structural controls on leakage from a natural CO2 geologic storage site: Central Utah, U.S.A.

Journal of Structural Geology

Volumn 32, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 1768-1782

  Dockrill, Ben ^a   Shipton, Zoe K ^b  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Co2; Damage zone; Fault zone; Fluid flow; Hydrocarbons

Indexed keywords

3D MODELS; ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES; CO2; DAMAGE ZONES; FAULT SEAL; FAULT SEALING; FAULT ZONE; FAULTED SYSTEMS; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; FLUID FLOW; FLUID LEAKAGE; FRACTURE NETWORK; GEOLOGIC STORAGE; GEOLOGICAL TIME; HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR; LEAK POINTS; MIGRATION PATHWAY; MINERALISATION; MODELLING APPROACHES; MULTIPLE FLUIDS; NATURAL CO; PARALLEL PATHWAYS; SHALLOW AQUIFERS; SILTSTONES; STORAGE SITES; STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY; STRUCTURAL CONTROL; SUBSURFACE DATA; TRACE GEOMETRY; VERTICAL FLOWS;

AQUIFERS; FLUIDS; FRACTURE; GROUNDWATER RESOURCES; HYDROCARBONS; HYDROGEOLOGY; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; THREE DIMENSIONAL;

PARALLEL FLOW;

CARBON DIOXIDE; FAULT GEOMETRY; FAULT ZONE; FLUID FLOW; FOOTWALL; FRACTURE NETWORK; HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR; LEAKAGE; STRUCTURAL CONTROL;

UNITED STATES; UTAH;

EID: 78649792801     PISSN: 01918141     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2010.01.007     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Allan U.S. Model for hydrocarbon migration and entrapment within faulted structures. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1989, 73:803-811.
2. Allis, R., White, S., Chidsey, T., Gwynn, W., Morgan, C. Adams, M., Moore, J., 2001. Natural CO2 reservoirs on the colorado plateau and southern rocky mountains: candidates for CO2 sequestration. In: Proceedings of the first national conference on Carbon sequestration, Washington DC, May 2001.
3. Allis, R., Bergfeld, D., Moore, J., McClure, K., Morgan, C., Chidsey, T., Heath, J., McPherson B., 2005. Implications of results from CO2 flux surveys over known CO2 systems for long-term monitoring. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on Carbon Sequestration and Sequestration, Virginia, May 2005.
4. Anderson T.R.,, Fairley J.P. Relating permeability to the structural setting of a fault-controlled hydrothermal system in southeast Oregon, USA. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113:B05402. 10.1029/2007JB004962.
5. 2 degassing in cold-water Geysers, Green River, Utah. Energy Procedia 2009, 1:2361-2366.
6. Beitler B., Chan M.A., Parry W.T. Bleaching of Jurassic Navajo sandstone on colorado plateau laramide highs; evidence of exhumed hydrocarbon supergiants?. Geology 2003, 31:1041-1044.
7. Bouvier J.D., Kaars-Sijpesteijn C.H., Kluesner D.F., Onyejekwe C.C., van der Pal R.C. Three-dimensional seismic interpretation and fault sealing investigations, Nun River Field, Nigeria. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1989, 73:1397-1414.
8. Breit G.N., Meunier J. Fluid inclusion, δ18O, and 87Sr/86Sr evidence for the origin of fault-controlled copper mineralization, Lisbon Valley, Utah, and Slick Rock District, Colorado. Economic Geology 1990, 85:884-891.
9. Bretan P., Yielding G., Jones H. Using calibrated shale gouge ratio to estimate hydrocarbon column heights. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2003, 87:397-413.
10. Burnside N., Shipton Z.K., Ellam R.M. Using spring deposits to track the evolution of fluid pathways through faults: little Grand Wash fault and Salt Wash graben, Utah, USA. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 2007, 39:240.
11. Burnside, N., Dockrill, B., Shipton, Z.K., Ellam, R.M., 2009. Dating and constraining leakage rates from a natural analogue for CO2 storage: the Little Grand Wash and Salt Wash faults, Utah, USA. in: Faults and Top Seals: From Pore to Basin Scale, EAGE Conference volume extended abstract, Montpellier, France, 21-24 September 2009.
12. Caine J.S., Evans J.P., Forster C.B. Fault zone architecture and permeability structure. Geology 1996, 24:1025-1028.
13. Chan M.A., Parry W.T., Bowman J.R. Diagenetic hematite and manganese oxides and fault-related fluid flow in Jurassic sandstones, Southeastern Utah. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2000, 84:1281-1310.
14. Childs C., Watterson J., Walsh J.J. A model for the structure and development of fault zones. Journal of the Geological Society of London 1996, 153:337-340.
15. Childs C., Walsh J.J., Watterson J. Complexity in fault zone structure and implications for fault seal prediction. Norwegian Petroleum Society (NPF), Special Publication 1997, 7:61-72.
16. Condon S.M. Geology of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Cutler Group and Permian Kaibab limestone in the Paradox basin, southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1997, 2000-P.
17. Curewitz D., Karson J.A. Structural settings of hydrothermal outflow; fracture permeability maintained by fault propagation and interaction. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1997, 79:149-168.
18. Dawers N.H., Anders M.H. Displacement-length scaling and fault linkage. Journal of Structural Geology 1995, 17:607-614.
19. Dockrill, B., 2006. Understanding Leakage from a Fault-Sealed CO2 Reservoir in East-Central Utah: A Natural Analogue Applicable to CO2 Storage. Ph.D thesis, Trinity College Dublin.
20. Dockrill B., Kirschner, D.L., Shipton, Z.K., Internal structure and evolution of fault-related active and ancient travertine deposits in East-Central Utah, U.S.A. (in prep).
21. Doelling H.H. Tufa deposits in western Grand County. Survey Notes - Utah Geological Survey 1994, 26:8-10.
22. Doelling H.H., Huntoon P.W., Oviatt C.G. Salt deformation in the Paradox region. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Bulletin 1988, 122.
23. Doelling, H.H., 2001. Geologic map of the Moab and eastern part of the San Rafael Desert 30' × 60' quadrangles, Grand and Emery counties, Utah, and Mesa County, colorado. Utah Geological Survey, Map 180.
24. Doelling, H.H., 2002. Interim Geological Map of the San Rafael Desert 30' × 60' quadrangle, Grand and Emery County. Utah: Utah Geological Survey Map OFR-404.
25. Eichhubl P., Davatzes N.C., Becker S.P. Structural and diagenetic Control of fluid migration and cementation along the Moab Fault, Utah. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2009, 93:653-681.
26. Foxford, K.A., Walsh, J.J., Watterson, J., Garden, I.R., Guscott, S.C. and Burley, S.D., 1998. Structure and content of the Moab fault zone, Utah, USA, and its implications for fault seal prediction. In Jones, G., Fisher, Q.J. and Knipe, R.J. (eds). Faulting, Fault Sealing and Fluid Flow in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 147, 87-103.
27. Fulljames R.J., Zijerverld L.J., Franssen R.C.M.W. Fault seal processes: synthetic analysis of fault seals over geological and production time scales. NPF Special Publication 1997, 7:51-59.
28. Gartrell A., Zhang Y., Lisk M., Dewhurst D. Fault intersections as critical hydrocarbon leakage zones: integrated field study and numerical modelling of an example from the Timor Sea, Australia. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2004, 21:1165-1179.
29. Garden I.R., Guscott S.C., Burley S.D., Foxford K.A., Walsh J.J., Marshall J. An exhumed palaeo-hydrocarbon migration fairway in a faulted carrier system, Entrada Sandstone of SE Utah, USA. Geofluids 2001, 1:195-213.
30. Gibson R.G., Bentham P.A. Use of fault-seal analysis in understanding petroleum migration in a complexly faulted anticlinal trap, Columbus Basin, offshore Trinidad. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2003, 87:465-478.
31. Gudmundsson A., Berg S.S., Lyslo K.B., Skurtveit E. Fracture networks and fluid transport in active fault zones. Journal of Structural Geology 2001, 23:343-353.
32. Hansley P.L. Diagenetic and burial history of the lower Permian white rim sandstone in the Tar sand triangle, Paradox basin, southeastern Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1995, 2000-I.
33. Haszeldine R.S., Quinn O., England G., Shipton Z.K., Evans J.P., Heath J., Crossey L., Ballentine C.J. Natural geochemical analogues for carbon dioxide storage and sequestration in deep geological porous reservoirs. Special Issue of Oil & Gas Science and Technology (Revue de l'Inst Francais de Petrole 2005, 60:1-12.
34. Heath J.E., Lachmar T.E., Evans J.P., Kolesar P.T., William A.P. Hydrogeochemical characterization of leaking carbon dioxide-charged fault zones in east-central Utah, with implications for geologic carbon storage. American Geophysical Union (AGU) Monograph 2009, 18:147-158.
35. Herzog H.J., Golomb D. Carbon capture and storage from fossil fuel use. Encyclopedia of Energy 2004, 277-287. Elsevier Science Inc, New York. C.J. Cleveland (Ed.).
36. Hesthammer J., Fossen H. Uncertainties associated with fault sealing analysis. Petroleum Geoscience 2000, 6:37-45.
37. Hintze J.F. Geological history of Utah. Brigham Young University Geology Studies, Special Publication 1993, 7.
38. Hood J.W., Patterson D.J. Bedrock aquifers in the northern San Rafael Swell area, Utah, with special emphasis on the Navajo sandstone. Utah Department of Natural Resources, Technical Publication 1984, 78.
39. Huffman A.C., Lund W.R., Godwin L.H. Geology and resources of the Paradox basin. Utah Geological Association Publication 1996, 25.
40. Huntoon J.E., Hansley P.L., Naeser N.D. The search for a source rock for the giant Tar Sand Triangle accumulation, southeastern Utah. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1999, 83:467-495.
41. Kerrich R. Fluid infiltration into fault zones; chemical, isotopic, and mechanical effects. Pure and Applied Geophysics 1986, 124:225-268.
42. Knipe R.J. Juxtaposition and seal diagrams to help analyze fault seals in hydrocarbon reservoirs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1997, 81:187-195.
43. Lindsay N.G., Murphy F.C., Walsh J.J., Watterson J. Outcrop studies of shale smears on fault surfaces. Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists 1993, 15:113-123.
44. Lupton C.T. Oil and gas near green River, Grand County, Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1914, 541-D:115-133.
45. McKnight E.T. Geology of the area between green and colorado rivers, Grand and San Juan counties, Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1940, 908.
46. Micklethwaite S. Mechanisms of faulting and permeability enhancement during epithermal mineralisation: Cracow goldfield, Australia. Journal of Structural Geology 2009, 31:288-300.
47. Midland Valley, 2004. 3DMove User Guide. Midland Valley, Glasgow, Scotland.
48. 2 in natural reservoirs: an example from the Springerville-St. Johns Field, Arizona, and New Mexico, U.S.A. Chemical Geology 2005, 217:365-385.
49. Morrison S.J., Parry W.T. Formation of carbonate-sulfate veins associated with copper ore deposits from saline basin brines, Lisbon Valley, Utah; fluid inclusion and isotopic evidence. Economic Geology 1986, 81:1853-1866.
50. Nelson S.T., Mayo A.L., Gilfillan S.M., Dutson S.J., Harris R.A., Shipton Z.K., Tingey D.G. Enhanced fracture permeability and accompanying fluid flow in the footwall of a normal fault: the Hurricane fault at Pah Tempe hot springs, Washington County, Utah. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2009, 121:236-246.
51. Nicol A., Watterson J., Walsh J.J., Childs C. The shapes, major axis orientations and displacement patterns of fault surfaces. Journal of Structural Geology 1996, 18:235-248.
52. Nuccio V.F., Condon S.M. Burial and thermal history of the Paradox basin, Utah and colorado, and the petroleum potential of the Middle Pennsylvanian Paradox formation. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1996, 2000-O:41.
53. Park H.J., West T.R. Sampling bias of discontinuity orientation caused by linear sampling technique. Engineering Geology 2002, 66:99-110.
54. Parry W.T., Chan M.A., Beitler B. Chemical bleaching indicates episodes of fluid flow in deformation bands in sandstone. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2004, 88:175-191.
55. Peterson P.R. Salt Wash field. Utah Geological Survey Oil and Gas Field Studies 1973, 4:3.
56. Peterson, J.A., 1989. Geology and petroleum resources, Paradox basin Province. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report, OF 88-0450-U, p. 69.
57. Pevear D.R., Vrolijk P.J., Longstaffe F.J. Timing of Moab fault displacement and fluid movement integrated with burial history using radiogenic and stable isotopes. Geofluids II 1997 Extended Abstract Volume 1997, 42-45. J. Hendry, P. Carey, J. Parnell, A. Ruffel, R. Worden (Eds.).
58. Ross M.L. Geology of the Tertiary intrusive centers of the La Sal Mountains, Utah; influence of preexisting structural features on emplacement and morphology. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1998, B-2158:61-83.
59. Rotevatn, A., Hesthammer J., Fossen, H., Aas, T.E., and Howell J., 2007. Are relay ramps conduits for fluid flow? Structural analysis of a relay ramp in Arches National Park, Utah. In Lonergan, L., Rawnsley, R.J.H. & Sanderson, D.J. eds. Fractured Reservoirs. Geological Society, London Special Publications, 270, 55-71.
60. Rowland J.V., Sibson R.H. Structural controls on hydrothermal flow in a segmented rift system, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Geofluids 2004, 4:259-283.
61. Scholle P.A., Stemmerik L., Harpoth O. Origin of major karst-associated celestite mineralization in Karstryggen, central East Greenland. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 1990, 60:397-410.
62. Shipton, Z.K., Evans, J.P., Kirschner, D., Kolesar, P.T., Williams, A.P., and Heath, J., 2004. Analysis of CO2 leakage through "low-permeability" faults from natural reservoirs in the Colorado Plateau, east-Central Utah. in, Baines, S.J. and R.H. Worden, eds. Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 233, 3-59.
63. Shipton, Z.K, Evans, J.P., Dockrill, B., Heath, J., Williams, A.P., Kirschner, D., Kolesar, P.T., 2005. Natural leaking CO2-charged systems as analogues for failed geologic storage reservoirs. In, Benson, S.M., Oldenburg C., Hoversten M., S. Imbus, eds., Carbon Dioxide Capture for Storage in Deep Geological Formations- Results from the CO2 Capture Project, pp. 699-712.
64. Sibson R.H. Structural permeability of fluid-driven fault-fracture meshes. Journal of Structural Geology 1996, 18:1031-1042.
65. Sperrevik S., Faerseth R.B., Gabrielsen R.H. Experiments on clay smear formation along faults. Petroleum Geoscience 2000, 6:113-123.
66. Surdam R.C., Jiao Z.S., MacGowan D.B. Redox reactions involving hydrocarbons and mineral oxidants; a mechanism for significant porosity enhancement in sandstones. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1993, 77:1509-1518.
67. Takahashi M. Permeability change during experimental fault smearing. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108(B5):2235,. 10.1029/2002JB001984.
68. Trimble L.M., Doelling H.H. Geology and uranium-vanadium deposits of the San Rafael River mining area, Emery County, Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Bulletin 1978, 113:112.
69. Vrolijk P., Myers R., Sweet M.L., Shipton Z.K., Dockrill B., Evans J.P., Heath J., Williams A.P. Anatomy of reservoir-scale normal faults in central Utah: stratigraphic controls and implications for fault zone evolution and fluid flow. GSA Field Guide 6: Interior Western United States 2005, 6:261-282.
70. 2 on the Colorado Plateau, Utah, USA. Chemical Geology 2005, 217:387-405.
71. 2 origin and migration, Utah, USA. AAPG Studies 2008, 59:1-16.
72. Williams, P.L., 1964. Geology, structure, and uranium deposits of the Moab Quadrangle, Colorado and Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigation Series, Map I-360.
73. Williams, A.P., 2005. Structural Analysis of the Little Grand Wash and Salt Wash faults to Investigate the Leakage of CO2 from a Natural Reservoir. M.S. thesis, Utah State Univ.
74. Yielding G. Shale Gouge ratio: calibration by geohistory. NPF Special Publication 2002, 11:1-15.
75. Yielding G., Freeman B., Needham D.T. Quantitative fault seal prediction. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 1997, 81:897-917.