Addressing contradictory needs: The lega nord and Italian immigration policy

Patterns of Prejudice

Volumn 44, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 411-431

  Bull, Anna Cento ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BATH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Immigration; Italy; Lega nord; Politics of identity; Populism; Security package; Symbolic politics

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649701485     PISSN: 0031322X     EISSN: 14617331     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0031322X.2010.527441     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Zaslove J, 'Closing the door?', 111.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid., 112.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., 114.
6. Carlo Ruzza and Stefano Fella, Re-inventing the Italian Right: Territorial Politics, Populism and 'Post-Fascism' (London: Routledge 2009), 61.
7. Ibid., 231-2.
8. Ibid., 190.
9. Andrew Geddes, 'Il rombo dei cannoni? Immigration and the centre-right in Italy', Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 15, no. 3, 2008, 349-366 (351).
10. Daniele Albertazzi and Duncan McDonnell, 'The Lega Nord in the second Berlusconi government: in a league of its own', West European Politics, vol. 28, no. 5,2005,952-972 (962).
11. Dwayne Woods, 'Pockets of resistance to globalization: the case of the Lega Nord', Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 43, no. 2, 2009, 161-177 (174).
12. Ibid., 174.
13. Murray Edelman, The Symbolic Uses of Politics (Urbana: University of Illinois Press 1964); Politics as Symbolic Action: Mass Arousal and Quiescence (New York: Academic Press 1971); and The Politics of Misinformation (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press 2001).
14. Edelman, The Symbolic Uses of Politics, 6.
15. Ibid., 7.
16. Ibid., 8.
17. Ibid.
18. Edelman, The Politics of Misinformation, 90.
19. Ingolfur Blühdorn, 'Sustaining the unsustainable: symbolic politics and the politics of simulation', Environmental Politics, vol. 16, no. 2, 2007, 251-275 (268).
20. Ingolfur Bluhdorn, 'The third transformation of democracy: on the efficient management of late-modern complexity', in Ingolfur Bluhdorn and Uwe Jun (eds), Economic Efficiency-D/emocratic Empowerment: Contested Modernization in Britain and Germany (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books 2007), 299-331.
21. Blühdorn, 'Sustaining the unsustainable', 269.
22. Christina Boswell and Dan Hough, 'Politicizing migration: opportunity or liability for the centre-right in Germany?', Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 15, no. 3, 2008, 331-348
23. Uwe Hunger, 'Commentary', in Wayne A. Cornelius, Takeyuki Tsuda, Philip L. Martin and James F. Hollifield (eds), Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective, 2nd edn (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press 2004), 258-262.
24. Hunger, 'Commentary', 259.
25. Ibid.
26. Anna Cento Bull, 'Lega Nord: a case of simulative politics?', South European Society and Politics, vol. 14, no. 2, 2009, 129-146.
27. Fiorenza Belussi and Silvia Rita Sedita, 'L'evoluzione del modello distrettuale: la "delocalizzazione inversa" e il caso del distretto della concia di Arzignano', Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 35, no. 2, 2008, 51-72.
28. See the annual reports on the society and economy of northeastern Italy prepared by the Fondazione Nord Est, available online at www.fondazionenordest.net/Il-Nord-Est.10.html (viewed 20 September 2010).
29. Anna Cento Bull, 'Forced to respond to globalization: the disembeddedness of Italian industrial districts and its discontents', in Michel Huysseune (ed.), Contemporary Centrifugal Regionalism: Comparing Flanders and Northern Italy (Brussels: The Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts 2010 forthcoming), 93-105.
30. Piergiorgio Corbetta, 'Cronaca di una vittoria annunciata: le elezioni politiche del 13-14 aprile', in Gianfranco Baldini and Anna Cento Bull (eds), Politica in Italia: ifatti dell'anno e le interpretazioni. Edizione 2008 (Bologna: il Mulino 2009), 73-96 (87). Translations, unless otherwise stated, are by the author.
31. Alex Wilson, 'The Italian election of April 2008: a political earthquake?', West European Politics, vol. 32, no. 1, 2009, 215-225 (220-1).
32. Igor Iezzi, 'Il vero problema e non allargare le maglie dell'immigrazione', La Padania, 29 September 2009, 3.
33. Iva Garibaldi, 'Farne entrare ancora equivale a creare nuovi disoccupati', La Padania, 23 September 2009, 6-7.
34. Paolo Bassi, 'Il lavoro immigrato. E' qui che domina. il "nero"', La Padania, 30 August 2009, 8.
35. Eve Hepburn, 'Regionalist party mobilization on immigration', West European Politics, vol. 32, no. 3, 2009, 514-535 (530).
36. Art. 1, paragraph 16a in Law 94/2009. The full text of the law can be found at www.asaps.it/leggi/leggi_ord/2009-L.%2015.07.2009,%20n.%2094%20%28Pacchetto% 20Sicurezza-mini%29.pdf (viewed 21 September 2010).
37. Roberto Cota proudly affirmed this on the television talk show Ballaro, broadcast Rai Tre, 24 November 2009. The EU Directive in question is 2008/115/CE of 16 December 2008.
38. Maurizio Ambrosini, 'Un anno di governo: immigrazione', lavoce.info, 8 May 2009, available at www.lavoce.info/articoli/-immigrazione/pagina1001095.html (viewed 21 September 2010).
39. Franco Pittau and Antonio Ricci, 'Rimpatri assistiti, i conti non tornano', Italia Caritas, vol. 43, no. 5, June 2010, 13.
40. Ennio Codini, 'Developments in law and regulations', in Vincenzo Cesareo (ed.), The Fourteenth Italian Report on Migrations 2008 (Milan: Polimetrica 2009), 65-77 (69).
41. Author's interview with Ennio Codini, Milan, 9 October 2009.
42. Author's interview with Giorgio Roversi and Emilia Naldi, Milan, 9 November 2009; and with Lorenzo Todeschini and Maurizio Bove, both in Milan, 11 November 2009.
43. Emilia Naldi, 'Appunti intervento 16 luglio', notes of a paper (courtesy of the author) presented at a workshop organized by the Partito Democratico, 'Contenuti della legge e conseguenze per la societa', Bergamo, 16 July 2009.
44. Lorenzo Mottola, 'Vanno punite le toghe che non applicano la legge', Libero, 16 September 2009, 20.
45. Vladimiro Polchi, 'Pochi volontari sulle strade flop delle ronde fai da te', La Repubblica, 4 November 2009.
46. Ronde in citta, flop da nord a sud. Nati soltanto tre gruppi tra Roma e Milano', adnkronos.com, 25 October 2009, available at www.adnkronos.com/IGN/News/ Cronaca/Ronde-in-citta-flop-da-nord-a-sud-Nati-soltanto-tre-gruppi-tra-Roma-e-Milano_3920426364.html (viewed 21 September 2010).
47. Ernesto Galli Della Loggia, 'Le sorprese del paese reale', Corriere della Sera, 27 November 2009, 1.
48. Sicurezza, Maroni: "Lega pronta a votare con il Pd". Bossi: "Far quello che dico io"', adnkronos.com, 4 November 2009, available at www.adnkronos.com/IGN/ News/Politica/Sicurezza-Maroni-Lega-pronta-a-votare-con-il-Pd-Bossi-Fara-quello-che-dico-io_3950670675.html (viewed 21 September 2010).
49. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, 'Indicatori demografici. Anno 2009', 18 February 2010, 5-6, available on the Istat website at www.istat.it/salastampa/comunicati/ in_calendario/inddemo/20100218_00/testointegrale20100218.pdf (viewed 21 September 2010).
50. Francesco Chiavarini, 'La crisi li lascia senza lavoro, cosi{dotless} molti finiscono "in nero", Italia Caritas, vol. 43, no. 5, June 2010, 12.
51. Maurizio Ambrosini, 'L'ennesima ultima sanatoria', lavoce.info, 1 September 2009, available at www.lavoce.info/articoli/-immigrazione/pagina1001254.html (viewed 21 September 2010).
52. 'Badanti, 278mila domande di regolarizzazione', Il Giornale, 30 September 2009.
53. Maurizio Ambrosini, 'Ma l'Italia e gia multietnica', lavoce.info, 12 January 2010, available at www.lavoce.info/articoli/-immigrazione/pagina1001492.html (viewed 21 September 2010).
54. Ambrosini, 'L'ennesima ultima sanatoria'. Caritas/Migrantes, Immigrazione. Dossier statistico 2009. XIX Rapporto (Rome: IDOS 2009), 4.
55. This clause raised serious doubts as to its constitutionality and, by September 2009, five public prosecutors' offices, including those in Bologna and Turin, had referred it to the Constitutional Court. On 10 June 2010, the Court decided that the doubts raised by the judges concerning the crime of clandestinity' were unfounded, but it also established that the provision according to which all clandestine immigrants committing a crime incurred enhanced penalties was illegitimate. According to IlSole24Ore, the judgement by the Constitutional Court left various issues unresolved, including the issue of the legitimacy of compulsory expulsion in the face of the already mentioned EU Directive 2008/115/CE of 16 December 2008.
56. Valerio Onida, 'I dubbi non sciolti del reato di clandestinita', ilsole24ore.com, 20 July 2010, available at www.ilsole24ore.com/art/norme-e-tributi/2010-07-20/dubbi-sciolti-reato-clandestinita-080635.shtml?uuid = AYuSNQ9B (viewed 21 September 2010).
57. Kitty Calavita, Immigrants at the Margins: Law, Race, and Exclusion in Southern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2005).
58. Caritas/Migrantes, Immigrazione, 3.
59. Emilia Naldi, Untitled paper on Law 94/2009, 2009 (courtesy of the author).
60. Jacqueline Andall, 'La vittoria della Lega Nord: immigrazione e cittadinanza in Veneto', in Baldini and Cento Bull (eds), Politica in Italia, 261-280 (265).
61. Woods, 'Pockets of resistance to globalization'; Cento Bull, 'Lega Nord'; and Cento Bull, 'Forced to respond to globalization'.
62. Bluhdorn, 'Sustaining the unsustainable', 267-8.